Name: 珍奧斯汀如何永遠改變小說界！ (How Jane Austen Changed Fiction Forever)
Uploaded: 2026-01-14T17:21:16.000Z
Duration: 5 min 46 s

In the first chapter of the first book that Jane Austen ever published, Sense and Sensibility, she did something that changed fiction forever.

珍·奧斯汀出版的第一本書《理性與感性》的第一章，她做了一件事，永遠改變了小說。

The narrator of the book begins by describing the situation of the Dashwood family.

書中的敘述者開頭描述了達許伍德一家的情況。

John Dashwood has come into a big inheritance from his father Henry, who on his deathbed makes John promise to take care of his three half sisters.

約翰·達許伍德從他父親亨利那裡繼承了一大筆財產，亨利臨終前要約翰承諾照顧他的三個同父異母的妹妹。

When he gave his promise to his father, he meditated within himself to increase the fortunes of his sisters by the present of a thousand pounds apiece.

他向父親承諾時，心中盤算著要給他的妹妹們每人一千英鎊，以增加她們的財富。

He then really thought his himself equal to it.

他當時確實認為自己有能力做到。

The prospect of 4,000 a year made him feel capable of generosity.

每年四千英鎊的前景讓他覺得自己有慷慨的本錢。

It would be enough to make them completely easy.

He could spare so considerable a sum with little inconvenience.

他可以輕鬆地拿出這麼可觀的金額，一點也不覺得不便。

He thought of it all day long and for many days successively, and he did not repent.

他整天都在想這件事，而且連續想了好幾天，他一點也不後悔。

所以這段落裡，有什麼特別突出的地方呢？

Which of these things is not like the rest of the.

這些事情中，哪一件跟其他不一樣？

Before this, the narrator is describing the thoughts and feelings of John Dashwood.

在這之前，敘述者描述的是John Dashwood的想法和感受。

But in the highlighted section, something changes.

但在標示的段落裡，有些東西改變了。

It's suddenly as if we're inside John's mind, and yet the point of view doesn't change.

突然間，我們好像進入了John的腦袋裡，但視角並沒有改變。

Now, Austen could have reported John's thoughts directly here, writing, I will give them £3,000, or I can spare so considerable a sum.

現在，Austen本來可以直接在這裡報告John的想法，寫著「我要給她們三千英鎊」，或是「我可以拿出這麼可觀的金額」。

Instead, she does something new in English literature, what's called free indirect speech.

取而代之的是，她做了一件在英國文學中前所未有的事，也就是所謂的「自由間接引語」。

Now, Austen isn't the first use this technique, but

現在，Austen並不是第一個使用這種技巧的人，但

she's the first author to do so consistently, the first to really explore its possibilities.

她是第一個持續使用，第一個真正探索其可能性的作者。

And in the process, she effectively adds a new tool to the writer's toolbox.

而且在這個過程中，她有效地為寫作工具箱增加了一個新工具。

Well, if you're familiar with Jane Austen, you know that all of her books have a really strong narratorial voice.

嗯，如果你熟悉 Jane Austen，你會知道她所有的書都有一個非常強烈的敘述者聲音。

The narrator has full control over the story, painting a universe of manners, making witty asides to the reader, and

敘述者對故事擁有完全的控制權，描繪出一個禮儀的宇宙，對讀者說出妙語，而且

using irony to critique characters, characters and social conventions.

利用諷刺來批評角色、人物和社會習俗。

To accomplish her goals, Austen needed her narrator to have critical distance from the story.

為了達成她的目標，Austen 需要她的敘述者與故事保持批判性的距離。

But this ironic distance has the potentially negative side effect of distancing the characters from the reader.

但這種諷刺的距離可能會產生一個負面副作用，那就是讓讀者與角色產生距離。

I mean, she still needs us to be emotionally involved with these people.

我的意思是，她還是需要我們對這些人產生情感上的連結。

After all, free indirect speech is Austen's intuitive and revolutionary solution for having it both ways.

畢竟，自由間接引語是 Austen 直覺且革命性的解決方案，讓她能兩全其美。

Okay, let's look at another, subtler example from Emma.

好的，我們來看一個更細微的例子，來自《Emma》。

As the matchmaking title character thinks about the suitability of Mr. Elton for her friend Harriet Smith.

書中飾演媒人的主角，在思考 Mr. Elton 是否適合她的朋友 Harriet Smith。

The longer she considered it, the greater was her sense of its expediency.

她考慮得越久，就越覺得這件事的權宜性。

Quite the gentleman himself, and without low connections, he had a comfortable home for her, and

他本人就是位紳士，沒有低下的親戚，他能為她提供一個舒適的家，而且

Emma 想像著一筆相當豐厚的收入。

For though the vicarage of Highbury was not large, he was known to have some independent property, and

因為雖然 Highbury 的教區牧師住宅不大，但他據說有些獨立財產，而且

she thought very highly of him as a good humored, well meaning, respectable young man.

她認為他為人隨和、心地善良、品格端正，是個很不錯的年輕人。

Like the first passage, this one begins firmly in the first person narratorial voice with she considered and her sense.

和第一段一樣，這一段一開始清楚地以第一人稱敘述者的聲音開頭，接著是「她考慮」和「她的感覺」。

Then in the second sentence it seamlessly switches to free indirect speech and we're inside Emma's mind, which you can tell by phrasing like most suitable and quite the gentleman.

然後在第二句話，它無縫切換到自由間接引語，我們就進入了 Emma 的思緒，你可以從「非常合適」和「十足的紳士」等措辭看出來。

在這之後，事情就開始變得有點棘手了。

Austen begins to weave in and out of free indirect speech within individual sentences.

Austen 開始在個別句子中編織進出自由間接引語。

The narrator returns with phrases like Emma imagined and she thought.

敘述者會用「Emma 想像」和「她認為」等詞語回來。

And as critic Daniel Gunn points out, this return and the distance it creates reminds us to be wary of Emma's judgments and imaginings.

正如評論家 Daniel Gunn 所指出的，這種回歸以及它所產生的距離，提醒我們要警惕 Emma 的判斷和想像。

But then we slip right back into her spirit again, her subjectivity.

但接著我們又會再次滑入她的精神之中，她的主觀意識。

In clauses like a good humored, well meaning, respectable young man in Emma especially, Austen uses free indirect speech with extraordinary finesse, dipping in and out of several minds without ever interrupting the flow of narration, representing subjectivities, as Donne says, with great immediacy, while still providing a frame within which that subjectivity can be understood.

在像「Emma 特別是一個脾氣好、好心、受人尊敬的年輕人」這樣的子句中，Austen 以非凡的技巧運用了自由間接引語，在不中斷敘述流程的情況下，巧妙地穿梭於不同角色的思緒之間，正如 Donne 所說，以極大的即時性呈現主觀意識，同時又提供了一個框架來理解這種主觀性。

At the end of the novel, we get the amazing convergence of these two voices as Emma's self deception becomes self knowledge, as her inner voice finally aligns with what the narrator and the reader have seen all along.

在小說的結尾，我們看到了這兩種聲音驚人的匯合，Emma 的自我欺騙變成了自我認識，她的內心聲音終於與敘述者和讀者一直以來所見的觀點一致。

Free indirect speech is a formal innovation that changed the course of literature.

自由間接引語是一項文學上的創新，它改變了文學的發展軌跡。

It's impossible to say who Austen influenced directly, but

雖然很難說 Austen 直接影響了誰，但

she effectively created a tool that thousands and thousands of authors used and still use, including some of the most famous ever, like George Eliot, Henry James, James Joyce, and

她有效地創造了一個工具，讓成千上萬的作者使用過，至今仍在用，包括一些史上最著名的作家，像是 George Eliot、Henry James、James Joyce，以及

Unlike these other authors, Jane Austen is often belittled for her seemingly lightweight marriage comedies.

與其他作者不同，Jane Austen 常常因為她看似輕鬆的婚姻喜劇而受到輕視。

But that critique misses the complex formal dynamics that are working under the surface.

但這種批評忽略了表面之下複雜的文學技巧。

If you really want to see Austen's genius, you have to look deeper.

如果你真的想見識 Austen 的天才，你必須深入挖掘。

Hey everybody, thank you so much for watching.

嗨，大家好，非常感謝你們收看。

If you liked this video, check out my book of essays, Escape Into Meaning, which is currently on sale at the link below.

如果你喜歡這部影片，可以看看我的散文集《Escape Into Meaning》，目前在下面的連結有特價喔。

This episode was brought to you by Squarespace.

這集節目由 Squarespace 贊助播出。

If you don't know, Squarespace is the all in one website platform for entrepreneurs to stand out and succeed online.

如果你還不知道，Squarespace 是一個全方位的網站平臺，讓創業家在線上脫穎而出並取得成功。

Whether you're just starting out or managing a growing brand, Squarespace makes it easy to create a beautiful website, engage with your audience and sell anything from products to content to time, all in one place, all on your terms.

無論你是剛起步還是管理著一個不斷成長的品牌，Squarespace 都能讓你輕鬆打造一個漂亮的網站，與你的觀眾互動，並在同一個地方販售從產品、內容到時間的任何東西，一切都由你決定。

Their templates are flexible, their blogging tools are super easy to use, and

他們的模板很靈活，他們的部落格工具超級好用，而且

Squarespace provides you with all the analytics you need to iterate and grow your business.

Squarespace 提供你所有需要的分析工具，讓你迭代並發展你的事業。

Head over to squarespace.com for a free trial, and

when you're ready to Launch, go to squarespace.com nerdwriter for 10% off your first purchase.

當你準備好上線時，前往 squarespace.com nerdwriter，你的首次購買可享 10% 折扣。