Name: 盧梭的 5 個兒童發展階段 (Rousseau's 5 Stages of Child Development)
Uploaded: 2025-07-27T18:17:56.000Z
Duration: 6 min 12 s

基礎被動語態

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy of education is based on the idea that children should develop a strong, virtuous character, the ability to reason, and a refined sense of sentiment.

讓-雅克-盧梭的教育哲學基於這樣一種思想，即兒童應該培養堅毅的品德、理性的能力和高雅的情操。

反身代名詞

This is so that, as adults, they are able to resist temptations, think for themselves, and learn to appreciate the finer things in life.

這樣，他們成年後才能抵禦誘惑，獨立思考，學會欣賞生活中的美好事物。

To explain his ideas, Rousseau wrote Émile, or On Education.

為了解釋自己的思想，盧梭寫了《愛彌爾》或《論教育》。

The book tells the story of a boy who goes through childhood, boyhood, pre-adolescence, adolescence, and adulthood.

這本書講述了一個男孩經歷童年、少年、青春前期、青春期和成年的故事。

All five stages happen under the guardianship of his parents and a tutor.

這五個階段都是在父母和導師的監護下進行的。

Stage 1, early childhood, begins with Émile's birth.

第一階段，童年早期，從愛彌爾的出生開始。

During this stage, it is essential for his parents to ensure that Émile develops physically.

在這個階段，父母必須確保 Émile 的身體發育。

Only the mother should feed the boy, because she naturally loves him more than anyone else.

只有母親應該餵養男孩，因為她自然比任何人都更愛他。

To allow the boy to make experiences with all his senses, he wears loose clothing and is placed in a large cradle where he can move freely.

為了讓孩子能夠用所有感官進行體驗，他穿著寬鬆的衣服，被放在一個可以自由活動的大搖籃裡。

Rousseau, who was influenced by Jean-Loc, believed that dressing children too warmly makes them weak.

受讓-洛克影響的盧梭認為，給孩子穿得太暖和會讓他們變得虛弱。

If Émile doesn't want to eat, he's supported.

如果埃米爾不想吃，我們會支持他的

If he wants to use his left hand, he can.

如果他想用左手，他可以用左手。

Beating or shouting at the boy should be avoided.

應避免毆打或對男孩大喊大叫。

When Émile cries, which Rousseau called our first language, his mother should try to understand him and find the underlying cause.

盧梭把愛彌爾的哭聲稱為 "我們的第一語言"，當愛彌爾哭泣時，他的母親應該試著去理解他，並找出根本原因。

Since children are born essentially good, it is the responsibility of the parents to shield them from those who could influence their innocent minds.

既然孩子們生來本性善良，父母就有責任保護他們不受那些可能影響他們純真心靈的人的影響。

During stage 2, boyhood, Émile is educated to perfect his senses.

在第二階段，即童年時期，愛彌爾接受了完善感官的教育。

This is important because the mind needs a wide range of trained senses to perceive information correctly and develop good judgment.

這一點非常重要，因為大腦需要各種訓練有素的感官來正確感知資訊並形成良好的判斷力。

Instead of recommending books, the tutor lets Émile play games and conduct natural experiments outside.

輔導員沒有向 Émile 推薦書籍，而是讓他在戶外玩遊戲和做自然實驗。

The city or a school are not the right places for a child at this age.

城市或學校都不適合這個年齡段的孩子。

Émile learns to tell right from wrong by experiencing the consequences of his actions.

埃米爾通過體驗自己行為的後果，學會了分辨是非。

Instead of actively teaching, the tutor is merely a bystander who is there to protect the boy from those who want to influence his thinking or teach him bad habits.

輔導員並沒有積極地教導孩子，而只是一個旁觀者，保護孩子不受那些想要影響他的思想或教導他壞習慣的人的傷害。

Over time, Émile learns morality and virtue naturally.

隨著時間的推移，愛彌爾自然而然地學會了道德和美德。

In stage 3, pre-adolescence, Émile is ready to learn how to reason.

在第三階段，即青春前期，愛彌爾已經準備好學習如何推理。

Rousseau thought that only self-directed learning led to the discipline necessary to acquire real knowledge.

盧梭認為，只有自主學習才能獲得真正的知識。

The tutor therefore trusts Émile's interests, and if the boy wants to learn history, history he learns.

是以，導師相信埃米爾的興趣，如果這個孩子想學歷史，他就學歷史。

Languages are acquired naturally through conversations.

Émile is also taught carpentry, a manual labor that requires creativity and intellect, which helps him to become a virtuous adult who knows the value of hard work.

埃米爾還學會了木工，這是一種需要創造力和智力的體力勞動，這有助於他成為一個懂得辛勤勞動價值的有品德的成年人。

Doing such work also keeps Émile out of trouble and allows him to make a living in the event of a change in fortune.

做這些工作還能讓埃米爾遠離麻煩，並在命運發生變化時維持生計。

In stage 4, adolescence, Émile is ready for the last part of his education, sentiment.

在第四階段，即青春期，愛彌爾已經準備好接受最後一部分教育，即情感教育。

Only now is he capable of understanding complex emotions such as true compassion.

只有現在，他才能夠理解複雜的情感，比如真正的同情心。

Émile now becomes a loving person who learns to live with and for others.

現在，埃米爾成為了一個充滿愛心的人，學會了與他人共處，也學會了為他人而活。

Or as Rousseau wrote, we have made an active and thinking being.

或者正如盧梭所寫的那樣，我們創造了一個活躍而有思想的存在。

It remains for us, in order to complete the man, only to make a loving and feeling being.

為了使人更加完整，我們只需要讓人成為一個有愛有感情的人。

That is to say, to perfect reason by sentiment.

The tutor now begins formal education and introduces the passionate boy to concepts such as religion.

現在，導師開始了正規教育，並向這個充滿熱情的男孩介紹宗教等概念。

Children who learned such complex ideas earlier are unable to think about them freely and hence just recite what they have been told.

較早學習這些複雜思想的兒童無法自由思考，是以只會背誦別人告訴他們的東西。

Émile, whose character has grown strong enough to reason, is now permitted to mingle with people in society.

愛彌爾的性格已經變得足夠堅強，他現在可以與社會上的人打交道了。

In stage 5, adulthood, Émile becomes a virtuous man who can make up his own mind.

在第五階段，也就是成年階段，愛彌爾成為了一個有道德的人，他可以自己做主。

He visits the city and develops a sense for the finer things in life.

他參觀了這座城市，並對生活中的美好事物產生了濃厚的興趣。

Thanks to his strong character, the pursuit of wealth or other temptations are none of his interest.

由於性格堅強，他對追求財富或其他誘惑毫無興趣。

The young man is now ready to meet Sophie, the perfect woman, his wife-to-be.

現在，這位年輕人已經準備好迎接索菲，這位完美的女人，他的準妻子。

Sophie, a representative of the ideal woman, is educated to be governed by her husband, while Émile, a representative of the ideal man, is educated to be self-governing.

蘇菲是理想女性的代表，她接受的教育是由丈夫管理，而埃米爾是理想男性的代表，他接受的教育是自我管理。

The man should be strong and active, the woman should be weak and passive, Rousseau wrote.

盧梭寫道："男人應該是強大而主動的，女人應該是柔弱而被動的。

Sophie's purpose is to please, advise, and console her husband.

蘇菲的目的是取悅、建議和安慰她的丈夫。

Once published, Rousseau's books were widely criticized, burned, and banned.

盧梭的著作一經出版，就遭到廣泛責備、焚燬和禁燬。

The church and state issued a warrant for Rousseau's arrest.

教會和國家對盧梭發出了逮捕令。

In addition, modern women disagreed with his ideas or saw him a hypocrite.

此外，現代女性不同意他的觀點，或者認為他是個偽君子。

Rousseau himself sent away all five of his children to orphanages.

盧梭自己把五個孩子都送進了孤兒院。

Nevertheless, Émile became Rousseau's most important work and a pillar of modern education.

然而，《愛彌爾》成為盧梭最重要的作品，也是現代教育的支柱。

Do you think Émile receives the ideal education to become a truly free-thinking mind?

您認為愛彌爾是否接受了理想的教育，從而成為一個真正具有自由思想的人呢？

Is it right to try to protect children from society's influence?

試圖保護兒童不受社會影響的做法對嗎？

Tell us what you think in the comments below.

請在下面的評論中告訴我們您的想法。

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如果您想支持我們的工作，請登錄 patreon.com slash sprouts 加入我們。

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