Name: 黑洞內發生怪事（布萊恩-考克斯演唱） (Something Weird Happens Inside A Black Hole (feat. Brian Cox))
Uploaded: 2025-04-27T14:42:37.000Z
Duration: 19 min 39 s

情態副詞

Imagine that you're flying through space, when suddenly you start to get dragged toward a dark abyss.

想象一下，你正在太空中飛行，突然被拖向黑暗的深淵。

Time begins to warp and you start to feel this strange sensation of being stretched.

時間開始扭曲，你開始感到一種被拉伸的奇怪感覺。

You're falling into a black hole, one of the most astonishing places in our universe.

你正墜入一個黑洞，這是宇宙中最令人驚歎的地方之一。

Some are so big that they can fit over 60 of our solar systems across them.

有的大得可以橫跨 60 多個太陽系。

With masses up to 100 billion times our sun.

And once you fall past a certain point, nothing can escape.

而一旦跌過了某個點，就什麼也逃不掉了。

I wanted to know the latest cutting-edge research about black holes, so I called up my favorite physicist, Dr. Brian Cox, to answer the question, if you fell into a black hole, what would actually happen to you?

我想了解有關黑洞的最新前沿研究，於是我打電話給我最喜歡的物理學家布萊恩-考克斯博士，請他回答這樣一個問題：如果你掉進黑洞，你究竟會怎麼樣？

And what does our newest science tell us is really happening inside a black hole?

最新的科學告訴我們，黑洞內部到底發生了什麼？

Black holes are one of the strangest things in existence.

黑洞是世界上最奇特的東西之一。

You come face to face with the structure of space and time.

Imagine that you and I are on a mission to fall into a black hole, and we have some imaginary spaceship that can take us as far and as fast as we want.

想象一下，你和我正在執行一項任務，要掉進一個黑洞，而我們有一艘想象中的飛船，可以帶我們飛得越遠越好，速度越快越好。

所以，我們，我們進入了我們的飛船。

What is a black hole, and how do we find them?

什麼是黑洞，我們如何找到它們？

So essentially, what's the idea behind a black hole?

Let's say you take the sun, a star the mass of the sun, and you just collapse it, and you keep on collapsing it, and you squash it, and you keep on squashing it, and you squash it down, and you squash it and squash it until its radius becomes three kilometers.  If you artificially squashed all of that mass into that tiny little space, the gravity right at its surface would be immense.

比方說，你把太陽，一顆和太陽品質相當的恆星，坍縮起來，繼續坍縮，繼續壓扁，繼續壓扁，一直壓扁，一直壓扁，直到它的半徑變成三公里。  如果你人為地把所有的品質都擠壓到這個狹小的空間裡，那麼它表面的引力將是巨大的。

So immense that if you wanted to escape, the speed you'd have to travel to escape its gravitational pull, it's called the escape velocity, would exceed the speed of light.

是以，如果你想逃離，你必須以超過光速的速度才能擺脫它的引力，這就是所謂的逃逸速度。

So even light rays emitted from the surface, if you could squash it down that far, would just stay there.

是以，即使是從表面發射的光線，如果你能把它壓得那麼小，它也會停留在那裡。

A spot so massive, with gravity so strong, that not even light can escape.

一個如此巨大的點，引力如此強大，甚至連光都無法逃脫。

At first, black holes were just a mathematical quirk, a weird solution to equations that seemed to otherwise fit our universe.

起初，黑洞只是數學上的一種怪異現象，是對似乎與我們的宇宙相吻合的方程的一種奇怪的解。

Over decades, scientists measured the movement of stars and galaxies and gases that were warped by seemingly empty patches of space, left behind, we now know, by the collapsing death of stars much larger than our sun.

幾十年來，科學家們測量了恆星、星系和氣體的運動，這些運動被看似空無一物的空間扭曲了，我們現在知道，這些空間是由比太陽大得多的恆星坍縮死亡時留下的。

We can now tell they're all over our universe.

我們現在可以知道，它們遍佈我們的宇宙。

Some estimates say there are up to 40 quintillion of them.

據估計，它們的數量多達 40 萬億個。

And almost every galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, including our own Milky Way.

幾乎每個星系的中心都有一個超大品質黑洞，包括我們的銀河系。

Let's imagine that we choose the black hole at the center of our own galaxy.

假設我們選擇了銀河系中心的黑洞。

So here, the light, you might say, what is the light in this picture?

那麼，這裡的光，你可能會說，這幅畫中的光是什麼？

So it's not from the black hole, because we've just said black holes trap light.

所以它不是來自黑洞，因為我們剛剛說過黑洞會捕獲光線。

It's from what's called the accretion disk.

This is another way that scientists have found black holes, by spotting their glowing accretion disks.

這是科學家發現黑洞的另一種方法，即發現黑洞發光的吸積盤。

So you're to imagine the material spiraling around in orbit, around this very dense object, and very violently orbiting.

所以，你要想象物質在軌道上盤旋，圍繞著這個密度非常大的物體，非常劇烈地運行。

Wait, so then why in this photo do we not see the accretion disk across the middle?

等等，那為什麼在這張照片中，我們看不到橫在中間的吸積盤呢？

Well, it turns out that we happen to be seeing this particular black hole from above.

事實證明，我們正好從上面看到了這個特殊的黑洞。

But if you were to see it from edge on, something very weird starts to happen.

但如果從邊緣開始看，就會出現一些非常奇怪的現象。

What we're seeing is actually the accretion disk in front of, and behind, the black hole.

我們看到的實際上是黑洞前後的吸積盤。

Because the black hole's gravity is so immense, it's causing light to be bent and distorted around it.

由於黑洞的引力如此巨大，導致光線在其周圍發生彎曲和扭曲。

So imagine this disk of material around this thing, and then light rays, let's say, from your perspective, from behind the black hole, go around into your eyes.

所以，想象一下這個東西周圍的物質盤，然後光線，比方說，從你的角度看，從黑洞後面，繞到你的眼睛裡。

Sometimes they orbit and then go around into your eyes.

有時，它們會繞著軌道運行，然後進入你的眼睛。

And they go into your eyes from every point on the disk, from underneath and at the top and behind.

它們從圓盤上的每一個點，從下面、上面和後面進入你的眼睛。

So you have light rays going always around this thing, so you see that.

是以，光線一直圍繞著這個東西，所以你看到了。

And in our little spaceship, we're getting closer.

在我們的小飛船裡，我們越來越近了。

As we approach, I start to wonder, how big is this thing?

當我們靠近時，我開始想，這東西到底有多大？

Based on the way it pulls at the stars around it, scientists estimate that the black hole at the center of our galaxy has a mass of 4.3 million times our Sun.

根據黑洞拉扯周圍恆星的方式，科學家估計銀河系中心的黑洞品質是太陽的 430 萬倍。

But if you plopped it down inside our solar system, this black hole would only extend to about one-fifth of Mercury's average orbit.

但是，如果把它放在太陽系內，這個黑洞只能延伸到水星平均軌道的大約五分之一處。

So it's shockingly small for its immense mass.

是以，與巨大的品質相比，它的體積小得令人震驚。

And compared to other black holes, ours is just… medium.

與其他黑洞相比，我們的黑洞只是......中等。

One of the smallest black holes ever found is J1650.

J1650 是迄今發現的最小黑洞之一。

Its diameter is only about as long as Manhattan, but it has a mass of 3.8 times our Sun.

它的直徑只有曼哈頓那麼長，但品質卻是太陽的 3.8 倍。

One step up would be the black hole in Messier 15.

更上一層樓的是梅西耶 15 號中的黑洞。

It's about twice the diameter of Earth, with a mass of 4,000 Suns.

它的直徑大約是地球的兩倍，品質相當於 4000 個太陽。

Okay, now we're at the lower limit of what's considered a supermassive black hole.

好了，現在我們到達了超大品質黑洞的下限。

This one is just under half the diameter of our Sun, but about 100,000 times its mass.

這顆太陽的直徑不到太陽直徑的一半，但品質卻是太陽的 10 萬倍。

The black hole in the galaxy M87 weighs 5.4 billion Suns.

M87 星系中的黑洞重達 54 億個太陽。

You could fit our solar system around four times across it.

你可以把我們的太陽系橫穿它四圈。

It was the first one we ever got a picture of in 2019.

這是我們在 2019 年拍到的第一張照片。

And this is one of the largest black holes ever discovered, TON 618.

這就是迄今發現的最大黑洞之一，TON 618。

It weighs 66 billion times more than our Sun.

And it could fit nearly 40 of our solar systems across it.

Phoenix A seems to have a mass of 100 billion Suns.

鳳凰 A 的品質似乎相當於 1 000 億個太陽。

But since this black hole is closer, we're seeing what it looks like more recently than TON 618, which might have grown since.

但由於這個黑洞距離更近，我們看到的是它最近的樣子，而不是 TON 618 的樣子，因為它可能在那之後就長大了。

And these are just the biggest ones we know of.

而這些只是我們所知的最大的幾個。

There could be an even more massive one, just waiting to be found.

可能還有一個更大的，正等著我們去發現。

And now, we're starting to get pulled into one.

而現在，我們開始被拉入其中。

So we're falling towards this thing now, and we turn our rocket motors off.

所以我們現在正向這東西墜落，我們把火箭發動機關掉。

So it's like the astronauts on the International Space Station.

就像國際空間站上的太空人一樣。

So we could be approaching this in this room now, and we would have no clue that that's what's happening.

是以，我們現在可以在這個房間裡討論這個問題，而我們卻不知道發生了什麼。

What about when we're in the accretion desk?

Wouldn't we be banged around by a lot of stuff?

我們豈不是要被很多東西撞來撞去？

We might get in a bit of a mess as we fell through the accretion desk.

我們從增生臺上掉下來時，可能會摔得很慘。

But let's say that our room, this spacecraft, is magically insulated from radiation and heat and all those things.

但假設我們的房間，這艘飛船，神奇地隔絕了輻射和熱量，以及所有這些東西。

One of the most shocking things, from the point of view of someone outside, the description is very different.

最令人震驚的一點是，從外面的人的角度來看，描述是截然不同的。

Okay, now imagine you, yes, you, watching this.

好了，現在想象一下你，是的，就是你，正在看這個。

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黑洞內發生怪事（布萊恩-考克斯演唱） (Something Weird Happens Inside A Black Hole (feat. Brian Cox))

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