Name: 巴黎奧運在即，法國能否在奧運前解決「大便問題」？ (Can Paris fix its poop problem before the Olympics?)
Uploaded: 2024-07-18T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 8 min 6 s

Back in 2017, Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo reinforced one thing in the city's final push to host the 2024 Summer Olympics.

早在 2017 年，巴黎市長安娜·伊達戈就在巴黎舉辦 2024 年夏季奧運會的最後衝刺階段強調了一點。

That its famous river, the Seine, would be a key fixture of the Games, including an historic Olympics opening ceremony.

著名的塞納河將成為奧運會的一個重要組成部分，包括一個具有歷史意義的奧運會開幕式。

情態副詞

The first held outside of a stadium, for which French officials initially said there is no plan B.

第一次是在體育場外舉行的，法國官員最初表示沒有 B 計劃。

And that open water swimming events would be held in it.

並在其中舉行公開水域游泳比賽。

The Seine runs along some of Paris' most famous landmarks, like the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame.

塞納河沿岸是巴黎最著名的地標性建築，如艾菲爾鐵塔和巴黎聖母院。

The thing is, swimming has been banned in the Seine for a century.

塞納河禁止游泳已有一個世紀之久。

And that's because the river Seine has human s*** in it.

這是因為塞納河裡有人類的糞便。

(Speaking in French) Yes, for me, it's total nonsense.

（說法文）是的，對我來說，這完全沒有道理。

I think the Seine is sill polluted and I'm not sure that the swimmers will emerge unhared after this swimming session.

我認為塞納河仍然受到污染，我不確定游泳者在這次游泳比賽後是否會安然無恙。

Like many urban waterways around the world, the Seine takes on sewage overflow during heavy rain when city's underground sewer systems get overwhelmed with stormwater.

與世界各地的許多城市水道一樣，當城市的地下下水道系統被雨水淹沒時，塞納河在大雨期間會出現污水溢出。

Hidalgo even said she would take a swim in the Seine herself ahead of the Games.

伊達戈甚至表示，她將在奧運前親自到塞納河游泳。

French President Emmanuel Macron promised the same thing.

法國總統艾曼紐·馬克宏也做出了同樣的承諾。

They say they're confident because of an enormous underground infrastructure project they've built near the river.

他們說，他們之所以有信心，是因為他們在河邊修建了一個巨大的地下基礎設施項目。

To ensure, as much as possible, that it won't s*** on their parade.

儘可能確保大便不會影響他們的遊行。

This isn't the first time Olympic open water swimming events — the triathlon, paratriathlon and marathon swimming — were at risk of being canceled last minute due to water quality issues.

這已經不是奧運公開水域游泳比賽（鐵人三項、準鐵人三項和馬拉松游泳）第一次因水質問題在最後一刻面臨被取消的風險了。

We saw some of the same headlines during the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo and the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

在 2020 年東京奧運會和 2016 年裡約熱內盧奧運會期間，我們看到了一些同樣的標題。

在這兩種情況下，他們都成功了。

But the journey to clean up the Seine hasn't come without a few setbacks.

但是，在清理塞納河的過程中也遇到了一些挫折。

A preliminary event in the river scheduled for August 2023 was canceled when water analysis showed an unacceptable amount of E. coli in the water.

原定於 2023 年 8 月在河中舉行的初步活動因水質分析顯示水中大腸桿菌含量超標而取消。

E. coli are bacteria that originate in the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals.

大腸桿菌是一種起源於溫血動物腸道的細菌。

Presence of them in water is a strong indicator of recent fecal contamination, which can make you very, very, very sick.

水中出現這種物質是近期糞便汙染的強烈信號，會讓人非常、非常、非常難受。

In order for an open water swim event to be given the go-ahead, water analysis reports must be submitted no more than 48 hours prior to competition.

公開水域游泳比賽要獲得準許，必須在比賽前 48 小時內提交水質分析報告。

Those samples cannot exceed more than 1,000 CFU colony-forming units of E. coli per 100 milliliters of water,

這些樣本每 100 毫升水中的大腸桿菌菌落形成單位不得超過 1,000 CFU，

and 400 CFU of Enterococci, another bacteria associated with feces.

和 400 CFU 腸球菌，另一種與糞便相關的細菌。

Test results published just four months ahead of the Games showed that river samples taken at this bridge, the site of open water swimming events, still failed to get under that crucial 1,000 number for permissible levels of E. coli.

奧運會前四個月公佈的測試結果顯示，在這座橋（開放水域游泳比賽的舉辦地）採集的河流樣本中大腸桿菌的允許水平仍然未能低於 1,000 這個關鍵數字。

You can see where this contamination is coming from by taking a look at this 1852 map, showing how the original Paris sewer system was built.

看看這幅 1852 年的地圖，你就能知道汙染從何而來，該地圖顯示了巴黎最初的下水道系統是如何建造的。

Which is gross, but it's not a problem that's unique to Paris.

這很噁心，但這並不是巴黎獨有的問題。

許多城市的下水道系統都是這樣運行的。

Before I get into that, though, I want to tell you about the sponsor of today's video, BetterHelp.

不過，在談這個問題之前，我想先介紹一下今天影片的贊助商 BetterHelp。

I don't know about you, but this year feels like it has flown by, and I can't believe we're halfway through the summer already.

我不知道你們怎麼想，但今年的時間好像過得飛快，真不敢相信夏天已經過了一半。

Therapy is a great way to ground yourself in the present and help you set achievable goals for your mental health for the next six months.

治療是一種很好的方式，它能讓你立足於當下，並幫助你為未來六個月的心理健康設定可實現的目標。

But finding time to talk to a therapist can be hard.

但要抽出時間與治療師交談可能很難。

It's entirely online, designed to be flexible, convenient, and suited to your schedule.

該課程完全線上，設計靈活、方便，適合你的日程安排。

Just fill out a brief questionnaire to get matched with a licensed therapist, and switch therapists anytime at no additional charge.

只需填寫一份簡短的問卷，就能與持證治療師配對，並可隨時更換治療師，不收取額外費用。

Talk therapy has definitely been helpful for me, and if it's something that you want to try out too, get started with BetterHelp.

談話療法肯定對我有幫助，如果你也想嘗試，就從 BetterHelp 開始吧。

Take a moment, visit betterhelp.com slash voxvideo to get 10% off your first month.

請花點時間，訪問 betterhelp.com slash voxvideo，即可享受首月九折優惠。

Many cities that built sewer systems in the mid-1800s to early 1900s, like Paris did, installed what's known as a combined sewer system.

許多在 19 世紀中葉至 20 世紀初建造下水道系統的城市，如巴黎，都安裝了所謂的聯合下水道系統。

In a combined sewer system, the same pipes that handle wastewater also handle stormwater, which gets collected through storm drains in the street.

在聯合下水道系統中，處理廢水的管道同時也處理雨水，雨水通過街道上的雨水管道收集。

Everything gets sent along to be processed at water treatment facilities, and then cycles out to the natural environment.

所有的東西都被送往水處理設施進行處理，然後循環到自然環境中。

When it rains a lot, the sewers can get too full.

雨水多的時候，下水道會變得太滿。

When this happens, rather than flooding back into the street, the excess combined wastewater and stormwater gets partially redirected to a nearby waterway.

當發生這種情況時，多餘的廢水和雨水不會再湧入街道，而是會部分地重新流向附近的水道。

Which is why E. coli levels in water can spike dramatically in the hours following heavy rain.

這就是為什麼在大雨過後的幾個小時內，水中的大腸桿菌含量會急劇上升。

It's because that water was recently contaminated with s**t.

So you'll see signs near combined sewer outfalls that prohibit swimming after heavy rain.

你會在合流排汙口附近看到禁止在大雨後游泳的標誌。

If that happens during the Olympics, it could mean canceling open water swimming events.

如果奧運期間發生這種情況，可能意味著取消公開水域游泳比賽。

於是，巴黎建造了一輛巨型水庫。

This 13.2 million gallon capacity underground reservoir and tunnel is part of a $1.5 billion U.S. dollar infrastructure project that aims to clean up the Seine.

這座容量為 1320 萬加侖的地下水庫和隧道是價值 15 億美元的基礎設施項目的一部分，該項目旨在清理塞納河。

It's called the Austerlitz Basin, built near the Austerlitz metro station right by the Seine, with the tunnel running under the river to the sewers.

它被稱為奧斯特利茨盆地，建在塞納河邊的奧斯特利茨地鐵站附近，隧道從河底延伸到下水道。

French officials opened the basin less than three months ahead of the Olympics opening ceremony, which is scheduled for July 26th.

距離定於 7 月 26 日舉行的奧運開幕式還有不到三個月的時間，法國官員就開放了該盆地。

我會讓這個人解釋它是如何運作的。

(Speaking in French) The mixture of wastewater and rainwater during the more intense episode will arrive through this pipe and fill the basin to its full capacity.

（說法文）在更嚴重的情況下，廢水和雨水的混合物將通過這條管道到達並充滿盆地。

And wehn the pool, the rain is over, the basin is emptied by a systen for pumping much smaller pipes that will empty into the sewer on Boulevard de l'Hôpital.

當雨停後，水池會被一個抽水系統清空，該系統會抽出更小的管道，將其排入醫院大道的下水道。

Basically, the system will hold excess water so the sewers don't get overwhelmed in a heavy rainstorm.

基本上，該系統可以容納多餘的水，這樣下水道就不會在暴雨中不堪重負。

And then it will methodically release the water back through the sewer system.

然後，它會有條不紊地通過下水道系統將水排放回去。

Reservoirs like this have worked in other cities with big populations, like the Thornton Composite Reservoir outside of Chicago, which can hold nearly 8 billion gallons of wastewater.

這樣的水庫在其他人口眾多的城市也發揮了作用，比如桑頓芝加哥郊外的複合水庫，可容納近 80 億加侖的廢水。

And this combined sewer outflow facility in the Perdigat Basin in New York, designed to prevent contamination of the basin and nearby Jamaica Bay.

紐約佩爾迪加特盆地的汙水合流設施，旨在防止盆地和附近的牙買加灣受到汙染。

The Austerlitz Basin isn't designed to clean the Seine.

奧斯特利茨河流域並不是為了淨化塞納河而設計的。

That's an ongoing, multi-pronged process.

這是一個持續的、多管齊下的過程。

This project was built to prevent further, and sudden, contamination of the Seine from combined sewer overflow.

該項目的建設是為了防止塞納河因下水道合流而突然受到進一步汙染。

The goal, according to French officials, is to resort to opening the sewer overflow gates that dump into the Seine no more than twice a year, compared to the current rate of 10 to 15 times per year.

根據法國官員的說法，目標是每年打開排入塞納河的下水道溢流閘門不超過兩次，而目前是每年 10 到 15 次。

Paris will continue testing as the Olympics rapidly approach, but Hidalgo and Macron have yet to swim in the Seine.

隨著奧運的迅速臨近，巴黎將繼續接受考驗，但伊達戈和馬克宏還沒有在塞納河中游泳。

If it all goes perfectly according to plan, a significant rainstorm could still contaminate the Seine, forcing open-water swimming events to be postponed.

如果一切按計劃完美進行，一場大暴雨仍可能汙染塞納河，迫使開放水域游泳活動延後。

(Speaking in French) There are things we won't be able to control, it's impossible.

（說法文）有些事情我們無法控制，這是不可能的。

So, there are, for example, retention basins that have been built.

But if there's a huge storm where you end up with a long rainy period, well, that's something we can't predict.

但如果發生一場巨大的風暴，最終導致長時間的降雨，那麼，這是我們無法預測的。

The idea of making the Seine swimmable again goes beyond just the 2024 Olympic Games.

讓塞納河重新變得可以游泳的想法不僅限於 2024 年奧運。

It seems to be a good thing to start last in this annual race through Paris, because the River Seine gets so full you could almost walk over the swimmers in front.

在這場一年一度穿越巴黎的比賽中，最後一個出發似乎是件好事，因為塞納河的水會變得非常滿，你幾乎可以從前面的游泳者身上跨過去。

It brings the city back to a time when the river was a place for Parisians to cool off in the summer instead of a biohazard.

它讓這座城市回到了那個時代，河水不再是生化武器，而是巴黎人夏季納涼的好去處。

Once the Olympics are over, that becomes the next phase of this project.

奧運結束後，這將成為該項目下一階段的工作。

According to Mayor Anne Hidalgo, three swimming sites in the Seine will open to the general public in 2025, thanks to the Games.

據市長安娜·伊達戈介紹，由於奧運的舉辦，塞納河上的三個游泳場地將於 2025 年向公眾開放。

(Speaking in French) Almost 100 years after the ban on swimming in the Seine, yes, my friends, we will once more allow swimming in the Seine.

（說法文）在塞納河禁止游泳近100年後，是的，我的朋友們，我們將再次允許在塞納河游泳。

As for the plan to host the opening ceremony along the Seine, French President Emmanuel Macron has now said that there are backup plans if the security risk is too high.

至於在塞納河沿岸舉辦開幕式的計劃，法國總統馬克宏現在表示，如果安全風險太高，會有後備計劃。

Whether or not open-water swimming will be possible can only be determined hours before the events and will be at the mercy of rain.

能否進行公開水域游泳只能在比賽前幾個小時才能確定，而且還要看雨水的情況。

Meaning, making the Seine swimmable in time for the Olympics is going to take a lot of work and a lot of luck.

這意味著，要想在奧運前讓塞納河變成可以游泳的河道，需要付出大量的努力和運氣。

字幕列表影片播放

巴黎奧運在即，法國能否在奧運前解決「大便問題」？ (Can Paris fix its poop problem before the Olympics?)

overwhelmed

enormous

infrastructure

presence