Name: 【TED】尚恩 · 戴維斯: 我們能解決全球暖化嗎？從保護臭氧層學到的三課 (Can we solve global warming? Lessons from how we protected the ozone layer | Sean Davis)
Uploaded: 2019-02-12T22:01:27.000Z
Duration: 9 min 51 s

and if this room is representative of the country we live in,

如果這間房間代表 我們居住的國家，

that means about 60 percent of you, so maybe from about there over,

那就表示在座有六成左右的人， 大約是從那裡開始的人，

don't strongly trust me for information on the causes of climate change.

不太相信我所提供 關於氣候變遷成因的相關資訊。

Now, I promise to tell the truth tonight,

我保證今天晚上說的都是真相，

我用假話來開場。 【巴黎氣候協定認定…】

[The Paris Climate Accord is a product of the recognition

【巴黎氣候協定認定 氣候變遷是全球問題的產物…】

that climate change is a global problem ...]

這段陳述並不是歐巴馬總統說的， 【巴黎氣候協定認定…】

This statement was not made by President Obama.

事實上是雷根總統説的。 【…氣候變遷是全球問題的產物…】

and it wasn't about climate change and the Paris Climate Accord.

重點不在氣候變遷或巴黎氣候協定， 【…氣候變遷是全球問題的產物…】

It was actually about the Montreal Protocol

重點其實是蒙特婁議定書， 【…氣候變遷是全球問題的產物…】

以及平流層的臭氧耗損。 【…氣候變遷是全球問題的產物…】

Now, I'm sure that many of you aren't familiar with this environmental problem,

我相信許多人並不熟悉 這個環境問題，

because it's a rare environmental success story.

因為它是個罕見的環境成功故事。

because sometimes, we need to examine the world we've avoided

in order to find guidance for the choices we make today.

因為有時我們得要探討 被我們避免的世界，

才能為我們現今的選擇找到指南。

when some questionable choices were made:

first of all -- hoo -- hairstyles. (Laughs)

Second of all, objectively terrible quantities of hairspray,

第二，客觀來說，巨量的噴髮定形劑，

man-made chemicals that were used as propellant in aerosol spray cans.

And see, it turns out these CFCs were a problem

人造的化學物質，被用來 當氣溶膠噴罐的噴射劑。

because they were destroying the ozone layer.

Now I'm sure most of you have heard of the ozone layer,

我相信大部分人都聽過臭氧層，

Well, quite simply, the ozone layer is earth's sunscreen,

很簡單，臭氧層是地球的遮陽板，

which is mostly about 10 to 20 miles up above our heads,

大部分的臭氧在我們頭上 十到二十英哩高的地方，

and compress it down to the surface of the earth,

若你能把所有的臭氧 向下壓到地球的表面，

it would form a thin shell only about two pennies thick,

它會形式一層薄薄的殼， 大約只有兩個一分硬幣的厚度，

And that thin shell does an amazing amount of work, though.

不過，那層薄殼起了大大的作用。

It filters out more than 90 percent of the harmful UV radiation

And while I'm sure many of you enjoy that suntan that you get

from the remaining 10 percent, it causes a lot of problems:

用那剩下的一成來把皮膚曬黑，

但它會造成很多問題：白內障、

說危害臭氧層就是危害人類 一點也不誇張。

to say that a threat to the ozone layer is a threat to human safety.

And actually, ironically, it was human safety

一開始發明 CFC 的動機 就是為了人類安全。

that motivated the invention of CFCs in the first place.

You see, in the early days of refrigeration,

冰箱使用有毒且可燃的化學物質，

refrigerators used toxic and flammable chemicals

有充分的理由，製冷產業 想要找安全的替代方案，

For good reason, the refrigeration industry

有個名叫托馬斯 · 米基利的科學家

最先合成出了 能用在商業上的 CFC。

事實上，米基利有項 為人所知的事蹟，

synthesized the first commercially viable CFCs.

在一個科學大會上，他吸入 CFC 之後再將它吐向蠟燭，

And in fact, Midgley famously inhaled CFCs and blew out a candle

展示 CFC 是安全的且不可燃的。

to demonstrate, at a scientific conference,

事實上，身為科學家， 我可以告訴各位，

現今你無法靠那種鬼把戲得逞。

And in fact, as a scientist, I can tell you there is no way

you could get away with that kind of antic today.

CFC 讓我們現在所知的現代冷藏、

They allowed what we now know as modern-day refrigeration

So it wasn't actually until over 40 years later, in the 1970s,

科學家才了解到 CFC 在大氣高空會瓦解,

when scientists realized that CFCs would break down high in the atmosphere

這項發現真的引發了 大眾的大量關注。

And this finding really set off a lot of public concern.

最終，它導致 1978 年 美國及幾個其他國家

It led, ultimately, to the banning of CFC usage in aerosol spray cans

禁止使用 CFC 來做氣溶膠噴罐。

in the US and a few other countries in 1978.

因為除了氣溶膠噴罐， 還有很多東西用到 CFC。

because CFCs were used in much more than just spray cans.

1985 年，科學家發現 南極上空的臭氧有破洞，

In 1985, scientists discovered the Antarctic ozone hole,

scientists expected maybe a five or 10 percent reduction

但結果他們發現， 在不到十年的時間，

But what they found over the course of less than a decade

was that more than a third of the ozone had simply vanished,

over an area larger than the size of the US.

雖然現在我們知道 CFC 是臭氧破洞的原兇，

And although we now know that CFCs are the root cause of this ozone hole,

at the time, the science was far from settled.

也因為出現這項危機， 各國才採取行動。

So that quote that I started this talk with,

引述雷根總統對 蒙特婁議定書的引言──

about the Montreal Protocol, from President Reagan --

那是在美國參議院一致通過之後，

that was his signing statement when he signed the Montreal Protocol

他簽署蒙特婁議定書時的簽署聲明。

after its unanimous ratification by the US Senate.

And this is something that's truly worth celebrating.

事實上，昨天是 蒙特婁議定書的三十週年。

In fact, yesterday was the 30th anniversary of the Montreal Protocol.

如今大氣中消耗臭氧的物質減少了，

ozone-depleting substances are now declining in our atmosphere,

我們也開始看到臭氧層 康復的第一個徵兆。

and we're starting to see the first signs of healing in the ozone layer.

此外，因為許多會消耗臭氧的物質

And furthermore, because many of those ozone-depleting substances

同時也是非常強力的溫室氣體，

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【TED】尚恩 · 戴維斯: 我們能解決全球暖化嗎？從保護臭氧層學到的三課 (Can we solve global warming? Lessons from how we protected the ozone layer | Sean Davis)

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