Name: 烏克蘭前線的機器人：優缺點是什麼？ | DW 新聞 (Robots on Ukraine's frontlines: What are the pros and cons? | DW News)
Uploaded: 2026-02-07T17:07:14.000Z
Duration: 9 min 46 s

On Ukraine's front lines, unmanned aerial drones and ground robots are increasingly shaping combat.

在烏克蘭前線，無人機和地面機器人越來越能左右戰局。

While they help soldiers survive, they're also becoming one of the deadliest dangers on the battlefield.

雖然它們能幫助阿兵哥生存，但它們也成了戰場上最致命的威脅之一。

As DW's Max Sunder reports, We're in Eastern Ukraine with soldiers of the Karadakh Brigade.

DW 的 Max Sunder 報導，我們現在在烏克蘭東部，和 Karadakh Brigade 的阿兵哥們在一起。

We're here to see their ground robots, remote controlled vehicles that carry supplies to frontline positions, among other tasks.

我們來這裡是為了看看他們的地面機器人，這些遙控載具除了其他任務外，還能將物資運送到前線陣地。

Commander Scrooge shows us the latest development.

指揮官 Scrooge 向我們展示了最新的發展。

Right now we've got a Browning mounted on it, a heavy machine gun.

現在我們在上面裝了一挺 Browning 重機槍。

You can also mount other weapons, like an automatic grenade launcher.

你也可以裝載其他武器，像是自動榴彈發射器。

It can defend a stretch of road, fire at vehicles, and even lead an attack.

它可以防守一段路口，射擊載具，甚至領導一次攻擊。

Just imagine it, a drone driving straight at you, trying to kill you.

想像一下，一架無人機直接朝你衝過來，試圖殺死你。

Footage from a similar device shows Russian soldiers surrendering to a Ukrainian robot.

一個類似裝置的影像顯示，俄羅斯阿兵哥向烏克蘭機器人投降。

Today, the robot is being sent to deliver supplies to the front line, not capture soldiers.

今天，這臺機器人被派去前線運送補給，而不是抓阿兵哥。

The first leg of the trip is done on a trailer.

路程的第一段是透過拖車運送。

A burnt out truck shows Russia's ability to strike deep behind the lines.

一輛燒毀的卡車顯示了俄羅斯深入後方進行打擊的能力。

We're heading towards Kupyansk, where Ukrainian gains have drawn in elite Russian drone reinforcements, a unit called Rubikon.

我們正前往庫皮揚斯克，那裡烏克蘭的進展吸引了俄羅斯的精銳無人機增援部隊，一個叫做 Rubikon 的單位。

They arrived a few days ago and now want to show us their work.

他們幾天前抵達，現在想向我們展示他們的工作。

This is how they try to exert psychological pressure on us.

這就是他們試圖對我們施加心理壓力的方式。

When we get to the large spot, the men load the robot.

當我們到達那個大點時，弟兄們會把機器人裝載上去。

So the robot you see here is about to be sent on its way and it should arrive at its first destination at one of the frontline positions in about two hours.

所以各位看到的這臺機器人，馬上就要出發了，預計大約兩小時後會抵達前線的其中一個陣地。

And that is if the Russians don't manage to spot it and take it out.

當然，前提是俄羅斯人沒辦法發現它並將它擊毀。

Meanwhile, at a different part of the frontline, a vantage point that shows how Ukrainian drones are reshaping battlefield tactics.

同時，在前線的另一個地方，有一個觀測點，展示了烏克蘭的無人機如何重塑戰場戰術。

It's a choreography between machines in the air, soldiers on the ground.

這就像是空中載具和地面部隊之間的編舞。

It might be carrying ammunition, it might be supplies.

裡面可能載著彈藥，也可能是補給品。

The soldiers send a combat drone its way.

阿兵哥們便派出一架作戰無人機前去。

The enemy can no longer get so close to us.

敵人已經無法再這麼靠近我們了。

We prepare our actions, push the enemy back and create a 2 to 3 kilometer gray zone in front of our positions so that the infantry doesn't have to enter direct combat.

我們準備好行動，將敵人推開，在我們的陣地前方創造出兩到三公里的緩衝區，這樣步兵就不必直接交戰。

That's essential because the frontline is too long to fully hold.

這一點很重要，因為前線太長了，無法完全守住。

With human power within that frontline gray zone, at points Russians would have to pass to make progress, the Ukrainians have set up what they call kill zones.

在俄羅斯必須經過才能推進的前線緩衝區內，烏克蘭人設置了他們所謂的殺戮區，利用人力。

A kill zone is an area we deliberately set up, essentially a small pocket where artillery is already aimed at where our drones can reach them as well, and

殺戮區是我們刻意設置的一個區域，基本上是一個小口袋，砲兵已經瞄準那裡，我們的無人機也能到達，而且

我們這邊的區域都已經佈滿地雷。

The only casualty today, a Russian Starlink device.

今天唯一的傷亡，是一個俄羅斯的 Starlink 裝置。

Back with the ground robots heading towards the front, under skies controlled by the Russians, the operator maneuvers it through a protective tunnel of nets.

回到那些前往前線的地面機器人，在俄羅斯控制的天空下，操作員透過保護性的網狀隧道操控著它。

For parts of the journey, he has to watch out for Russian FPV drones and mines.

在旅程的某些路段，他必須留意俄羅斯的 FPV 無人機和地雷。

The robot is slower than a car and and can carry less, but

這款機器人比汽車慢，載運量也較少，但是

crucially, it's smaller and doesn't need a driver.

最重要的是，它體積較小，而且不需要駕駛。

If it were still done the way it used to be, only with vehicles, we would probably have neither people nor vehicles left.

如果還是像以前一樣只用載具來執行，我們可能連人帶車都會損失殆盡。

You set off your scene and then an FPV drone hits.

你啟動你的場景，然後一架 FPV 無人機就來了。

Nonetheless, soon after we leave, a Russian drone blows it up.

不過，我們離開後不久，一架俄羅斯無人機就把它炸毀了。

The mission failed, but the soldiers will send another robot tomorrow.

任務失敗了，但阿兵哥們明天會再派另一臺機器人去。

Most importantly, the only casualty was metal, not human.

最重要的是，唯一的傷亡是金屬，而不是人員。

Anya Dahlmann is from the Institute for Peace Research and Security.

Anya Dahlmann 來自和平研究與安全研究所。

In your opinion, how close are we to seeing unmanned systems like ground robots, drones, etc.

在你認為，我們離看到像地面機器人、無人機等無人系統

To actually replace human soldiers on the front lines?

真正取代前線的阿兵哥還有多遠？

So in my opinion, we won't see them replacing humans completely, but complementing them.

所以，在我看來，我們不會看到它們完全取代人類，而是互補。

Unmanned systems will take over increasingly dull, dangerous, or also data intensive tasks like surveillance or logistics, mine clearance, or certain strikes in combat.

無人系統將接管越來越枯燥、危險，或是數據密集型的任務，像是偵察、後勤、掃雷，或是在戰鬥中的某些打擊。

But they will always just complement the human, at least for the foreseeable future, because humans are necessary to exercise judgment in complex or morally charged situations.

但在可預見的未來，它們只會輔助人類，因為在複雜或道德上有爭議的情況下，人類的判斷是必要的。

Basically, but is that teaming something that's now become a necessity?

基本上是，但這種協同作戰現在是否已成為一種必然？

In the report we heard, humans are now too visible, too vulnerable on the battlefield.

在我們聽到的報告中，人類在戰場上現在太顯眼、太脆弱了。

These unmanned systems now seem like a necessity.

這些無人系統現在看來像是必需品。

They definitely become a necessity, yes, because they are inexpensive, adaptable, scalable, and

它們絕對會成為必需品，沒錯，因為它們成本低廉、適應性強、可擴展，而且

So, yeah, we will see an increase in unmanned systems integrated into existing force structures.

所以，是的，我們將會看到更多無人系統整合到現有的部隊結構中。

And what's your assessment on full autonomy?

Robots selecting and engaging targets without human control?

機器人可以自行選擇並攻擊目標，無需人類控制？

That obviously remains very controversial.

We've seen in Israel, for example, AI being used to rack up a huge amount of targets, many more than would have been possible without such systems in the past.

例如，我們在以色列看到，AI 被用來鎖定大量目標，比過去沒有這類系統時可能達成的要多得多。

Once we started using unmanned systems, we can see a kind of logic towards autonomy and autonomous functions, because those communication links can be disrupted and they're slow and all that.

一旦我們開始使用無人系統，我們就能看到一種朝向自主和自主功能的邏輯，因為那些通訊連結可能會被幹擾，而且它們很慢等等。

So it kind of makes sense to have more autonomy on the weapon system.

所以讓武器系統擁有更多自主性是合乎邏輯的。

The issue with that is that we see a definite decrease in human control over the use of force, and

但這樣做有個問題，就是我們看到人類對使用武力的控制明顯減少，

that is very concerning from a legal standpoint.

這從法律角度來看非常令人擔憂。

For ethical reasons and also for operational reasons.

Because human judgment and human control is always necessary to have accountability and responsibility in the use of force.

因為人類的判斷和控制對於使用武力時的問責和責任總是必要的。

The UN warns delegating life and death decisions to machines is morally repugnant and calls for international regulation.

聯合國警告將生殺大權交給機器在道德上是令人厭惡的，並呼籲進行國際監管。

Do you believe international law can meaningfully constrain autonomous weapons, given the rapidness of the innovation and the pressure on the battlefield?

考量到創新的快速發展和戰場上的壓力，你認為國際法能有效約束自主武器嗎？

I definitely think that international law should regulate this and that there should be a ban on so called fully autonomous weapon systems, or at least a call for meaningful human control in the use of force.

我絕對認為國際法應該規範這件事，並且應該禁止所謂的全自主武器系統，或者至少呼籲在武力使用上要有有意義的人類控制。

But I'm also increasingly pessimistic that this will work out because several states block this negotiation process that is ongoing at the United nations level.

不過，我對這件事能否順利進行也越來越感到悲觀，因為有幾個國家阻撓了聯合國正在進行的談判。

There are too many military advantages and expectations in there at the moment, I think.

我認為目前軍事上的優勢和期待實在太多了。

But I still hope and call for states to come to a regulation and too meaningful human control in the use of force.

但我仍然希望並呼籲各國能達成規範，並在武力使用上落實有意義的人類控制。

And finally, what sort of skills will the soldier of the future need on the battlefield?

最後，未來的阿兵哥在戰場上需要具備哪些技能？

I guess they're not only going to have to be able to know their way around electronics, but

我想他們不僅要懂得操作電子設備，

In addition to what soldiers have to do and have to be able to do today, they will need much more digital literacy.

除了阿兵哥現今必須做和必須能做的事之外，他們還需要更高的數位素養。

In a way, they need to be able to work with AI systems and especially to understand their limitations and to understand where human judgment in control is still necessary and when to take over from the system.

在某種程度上，他們需要能夠與AI系統合作，尤其要了解其限制，以及何時仍需要人類判斷和控制，何時可以接管系統。

So decision making and supervision of these systems will be very important and definitely a new skill to add to the actual skill set at the moment.

所以，決策和監督這些系統將非常重要，這絕對是現今技能組閤中一項新的必備技能。

Anya Dahman from the Institute for Peace Research and Security in Berlin.

柏林的和平研究與安全研究所的 Anya Dahman。