Name: 經典恐怖故事如何改編？ (How To Adapt A Classic Horror Story)
Uploaded: 2026-01-17T17:28:22.000Z
Duration: 7 min 32 s

In Henry James Classic 1898 novella the Turn of the Screw, a young woman travels to a manor house in the English countryside to assume the role of governess to two orphaned children.

在亨利·詹姆斯 1898 年的經典中篇小說《螺絲在轉》裡，一位年輕女子來到英格蘭鄉間的一座莊園，擔任兩個孤兒的家庭教師。

進階被動語態

first pleased with the house and the children, the governess soon begins to see two ghosts around the property and gradually becomes convinced that the children are being possessed and corrupted by them.

起初，這位家庭教師對房子和孩子們都很滿意，但很快就開始在莊園裡看到兩個鬼魂，並逐漸確信孩子們正被他們附身和腐蝕。

關係子句

This conviction drives her into a state of heightened parenting paranoia and fear, which in turn scares the children.

這種信念讓她進入一種高度的育兒偏執和恐懼狀態，進而嚇壞了孩子們。

The novella ends in tragedy when the governess aggressively, perhaps violently, confronts the young boy about the supernatural visitor, and

小說的結局是悲劇，當時家庭教師激烈地，或許是暴力地，質問小男孩關於超自然的訪客，

The question is, what actually happens in the Turn of the Screw?

問題是，《螺絲在轉》裡到底發生了什麼事？

Are the ghosts real, or do these evil visitors exist only in the mind of the governess?

鬼魂是真的，還是這些邪惡的訪客只存在於家庭教師的腦海中？

Either the children are being possessed by evil spirits, or they're being tormented by their caregiver who's having a nervous breakdown.

要嘛是孩子們被邪靈附身，要嘛是被精神崩潰的照顧者折磨。

Critics have debated this question ad nauseam, but

評論家們對這個問題已經爭論不休，但

the general consensus today is that this ambiguity is the point.

大家今天的共識是，這種模糊性就是重點。

James intended for us not to know the answer, crafting the story carefully to trap us in uncertainty.

James 就是故意讓我們不知道答案，精心設計故事來讓我們陷入不確定。

This uncertainty is characteristic of what Svetan Todorov called fantastic fiction.

這種不確定性，就是 Svetan Todorov 所說的奇幻小說的特色。

The essence of the fantastic is hesitation between a supernatural explanation of events and a rational one.

奇幻的本質，是在超自然的解釋和理性的解釋之間猶豫不決。

In the case of ghost stories, this hesitation can intensify the feeling of terror in the reader.

在鬼故事裡，這種猶豫會加劇讀者的恐懼感。

It's scary if the children are being possessed.

如果孩子們被附身，真的很可怕。

It's scary if they're being tormented by a hallucinating governess.

如果他們被一個產生幻覺的家庭教師折磨，也很可怕。

But a total lack of explanation is scarier than both.

但完全沒有解釋，比這兩者都還要嚇人。

We turn to stories for closure, for a version of reality that is tidier than our own.

我們看故事是為了獲得結局，是為了得到一個比我們自己的現實更整潔的版本。

When stories fail to provide explanations, we're unsettled.

當故事無法提供解釋時，我們就會感到不安。

In the case of the Turn of the Screw, both readings are fully consistent with the text.

在《螺絲在擰緊》這部作品裡，兩種解讀都完全符合文本。

How would you capture this hesitation in a movie?

你該如何在電影裡捕捉這種猶豫不決的感覺？

That was the challenge Jack Clayton took on when he directed the Innocents in 1961, a stellar adaptation of James novella starring Deborah Carr.

這就是傑克·克雷頓在 1961 年執導《無辜者》時所面臨的挑戰，這部電影是改編自詹姆士的奇幻小說，由黛博拉·蔻兒主演。

He believed wholeheartedly in preserving the ambiguity of the story.

他全心相信要保留故事的模糊性。

But a filmmaker's tools are different from a novelist's.

但電影製作人的工具跟小說家不一樣。

James had the power of writing in the first person, for example, which is a crucial element for most fantastic stories.

例如，詹姆士擁有第一人稱敘事的權力，這對大多數奇幻小說來說是關鍵元素。

According to Todorov, the narrator experiences the uncertainty themselves, and

根據託多羅夫的說法，敘事者自己也經歷了不確定性，

through the use of person, the reader puts themselves in their mind.

透過人稱的使用，讀者能進入他們的思緒。

Movies, of course, have voiceover, which can approximate first person.

當然，電影有旁白，可以近似第一人稱。

But in a visual medium, it's not really an ideal solution.

但視覺媒介裡，這不是個理想的解決辦法。

Instead, you can do what you just saw on screen.

取而代之的，你可以做剛剛螢幕上看到的。

Notice how the camera moves With Deborah Carr through the landscape, this is the case all throughout the film.

注意到攝影機如何跟著 Deborah Carr 穿梭在景觀中，整部電影都是這樣。

Incredible dolly and crane shots by cinematographer Freddie Francis follow the governess in sweeping oners through the house and across the grounds.

攝影指導 Freddie Francis 令人驚豔的推軌和吊臂鏡頭，以流暢的長鏡頭跟著家庭教師穿越屋內和庭院。

This is a visual way to capture first person narration.

這是捕捉第一人稱敘事的一種視覺方式。

We are literally with her through the story.

我們 literalmente 跟她一起經歷故事。

And through Deborah Carr's eyes, the children do appear to be somewhat creepy.

透過 Deborah Carr 的眼睛，孩子們確實顯得有點 creepy。

Through her eyes, the house does take on a spooky quality, like it's concealing a secret.

透過她的眼睛，這棟房子也確實帶有一種陰森的特質，彷彿藏著什麼祕密。

It's a testament to Francis brilliant work that he makes this enormous estate feel claustrophobic.

這證明瞭 Francis 精湛的功力，他讓這座巨大的莊園感覺幽閉。

One way he did this was by hand painting glass camera filters with black on the edges to enclose the governess and darkness.

他做到這一點的方式之一，是手繪鏡頭濾鏡，在邊緣塗上黑色，來框住家庭教師和黑暗。

These techniques do a great job of transferring the governess's suspicions to the audience.

這些技巧很巧妙地將家庭教師的懷疑傳達給觀眾。

But at a certain point in the story, we need to become suspicious of the governess too, in order to preserve that ambiguity.

但在故事的某個時刻，我們也需要對家庭教師產生懷疑，以保持那種模糊性。

As she becomes more sure that the children are possessed, we need to feed feel less sure of her.

當她越來越確定孩子們被附身時，我們也需要對她越來越不確定。

Well, here's one way that Clayton does that.

嗯，Clayton 做到這一點的方式之一是這樣。

The second time the governess sees the male ghost, she's playing hide and seek with the children.

家庭教師第二次看到男鬼時，她正和孩子們玩捉迷藏。

When the apparition glides toward her from outside the window.

She goes outside to check and when she returns, Clayton places her in the exact same spot where the ghost appeared.

她走到外面查看，回來時，Clayton 把她放在鬼影出現的同一個位置。

Later in the classroom, the governess turns to see the female ghost crying at the desk and she walks over.

之後在教室裡，家庭教師轉身看到女鬼在書桌旁哭泣，她走了過去。

She sits at the desk and the housekeeper finds her in the same place where the ghost was.

她坐在書桌旁，管家發現她時，她就在鬼影出現的同一個位置。

similar framing, Clayton and Francis find visual ways to equate the governess with the ghosts.

構圖也很相似，Clayton 和 Francis 用視覺方式將家庭教師與鬼魂連結起來。

By the end, the governess has a strong conviction that the ghosts are real.

到最後，家庭教師深信鬼魂是真的。

But our conviction has been only become weaker when it reaches those final scenes.

但當我們看到最後幾幕時，我們的信念反而變得更弱了。

It seems to me that she has in fact gone mad.

Something that reflects Carr's incredible unhinged performance.

這反映了 Carr 令人難以置信、精神錯亂的表演。

Looking back on the story, I see that all those things that seemed creepy about the children are actually perfectly within the realm of normal behavior.

回頭看這個故事，我發現那些讓我覺得孩子們很詭異的地方，其實都完全在正常行為的範圍內。

And probably would have seemed so if I wasn't locked into Carr's perspective.

而且如果不是我被Carr的視角困住，可能也會這麼覺得。

但即使是這種解讀，也還是很複雜。

At the very last moment in the finale, when the governess is forcing the boy to admit that he sees the ghost, Clayton for the very first time inserts a shot from the point of view of the ghost looking down on the governess and the boy.

在結局的最後一刻，當家庭教師強迫男孩承認他看到鬼魂時，Clayton 第一次插入了一個從鬼魂俯視家庭教師和男孩的視角。

Does this mean that the spirit is actually the one who made murders the boy?

這是不是代表那個鬼魂其實就是殺了男孩的人？

Or does he die from the governess smothering him?

Unfortunately, I'm afraid we'll never know.

很可惜，我恐怕我們永遠不會知道了。

Hey everybody, thank you so much for watching.

嘿，大家，非常感謝你們收看。

I'm a bit of a Henry James super fan and I also love this movie so I really hope you enjoyed this episode Was brought to you by Squarespace if you don't know, Squarespace is the all in one website platform for entrepreneurs to stand out and succeed online.

我是 Henry James 的超級粉絲，也很喜歡這部電影，所以希望你們喜歡這集。這集由 Squarespace 贊助，如果你們不知道，Squarespace 是一個全方位的網站平臺，讓創業者在線上脫穎而出並取得成功。

Whether you're just starting out or managing a growing brand, Squarespace makes it easy to create a beautiful website, engage with your audience, and

無論你是剛起步還是經營成長中的品牌，Squarespace 都能讓你輕鬆打造一個漂亮的網站，與你的觀眾互動，

sell anything from products to content to time all in one place, all on your terms.

並在同一個地方，完全依照你的方式，銷售從產品、內容到時間的任何東西。

Their templates are flexible, their blogging tools are easy to use, and

他們的模板很有彈性，部落格工具也很容易使用，

Squarespace provides you with all the analytics you need to iterate and grow your business.

Squarespace 也提供了你迭代和發展業務所需的所有分析工具。

Head over to squarespace.com for a free trial, and

前往 squarespace.com 進行免費試用，

when you're ready to launch that site, go to squarespace.com nerdwriter for 10% off your first purchase.

當你準備好推出網站時，前往 squarespace.com/nerdwriter，首次購買可享 10% 折扣。