Name: 印度和中國人才們為何重新思考美國夢？ (Why Indian and Chinese Talent Are Rethinking the American Dream)
Uploaded: 2025-11-08T18:12:02.000Z
Duration: 11 min 53 s

第三類條件句型

What if Elon Musk had been told, pay $100,000 or you can't work in the US or Jensen Huang, CEO of the world's most valuable company, Nvidia.

如果 Elon Musk 被告知要付十萬美元，否則就不能在美國工作，或是世界最有價值公司 Nvidia 的執行長黃仁勳。

情態助動詞 B1

I don't think that my family would have been able to afford the $100,000.

我覺得我的家人負擔不起那十萬美元。

The opportunity for my family and for me to be here would not have been possible.

我的家人和我能夠在這裡的機會就不可能實現了。

These tech leaders once held H1B visas and went on to build companies worth hundreds of billions of dollars.

這些科技巨頭曾經持有 H1B 簽證，後來創立了價值數千億美元的公司。

In September 2025, US President Donald Trump announced a controversial move that could fundamentally change that path.

在 2025 年 9 月，美國總統唐納·川普宣佈了一項具爭議的舉措，這可能會從根本上改變這條路徑。

The US has introduced a one time fee of $100,000 for new H1B petitions for workers outside of the US a dramatic jump from the previous 2000 to 5000 per person.

美國為來自美國以外的新 H1B 申請者推出了一次性費用十萬美元，這比之前每人 2000 到 5000 美元的費用大幅增加。

Though the fee doesn't apply to renewals or those already holding a visa, the country would rather not have to pay $100,000.

雖然這項費用不適用於續簽或已持有簽證者，但國家寧願不必支付十萬美元。

So where were the majority of H1B visa holders immigrating from in 2024?

那麼在 2024 年，大多數 H1B 簽證持有者是從哪裡移民來的？

More than 70% of H1B recipients were from India.

70% 以上的 H1B 簽證持有者來自印度。

Chinese nationals accounted for another 12%, while the Philippines, Canada and South Korea each contributed around 1%.

中國籍人士佔了另外 12%，而菲律賓、加拿大和韓國則各佔約 1%。

It was also hitting a major nerve about whether the American dream was still worth pursuing.

這也觸及了一個關鍵問題，關於美國夢是否還值得追求。

Is America now overrated as a destination for global talent?

如今美國是否被高估了，成了全球人才的嚮往之地？

If I have to take the same decision today, I'll probably not take it.

如果我今天必須做同樣的決定，我可能不會做。

Indian and Chinese engineers have long powered the US Tech industry.

印度和中國的工程師長期以來一直是美國科技產業的動力。

With Amazon, Tata, Microsoft, Meta, Apple and Google, the top employers of H1B visa recipients.

Amazon、Tata、Microsoft、Meta、Apple 和 Google 是 H1B 簽證持有者的主要僱主。

We could see this policy actually impact the global flow of high skilled tech talent.

我們可能會看到這項政策實際影響全球高技能科技人才的流動。

If that avenue is shut down by a significant degree, perhaps a lot of that talent is going to be staying and working in companies in India, in China, actually founding new tech companies there.

如果這個管道被大幅關閉，也許很多這類人才會留在印度、中國的公司工作，甚至在那裡創立新的科技公司。

That could really impact global tech competitiveness on quite a large scale.

這可能會對全球科技競爭力產生相當大的影響。

幾十年來，這條路一直很明確。

Graduates from India's elite schools, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology, moved to Silicon Valley after earning their degrees.

來自印度頂尖學府（例如印度理工學院）的畢業生，在取得學位後，紛紛前往矽谷。

But could the new visa fee encourage them to stay in India?

但新的簽證費用會不會鼓勵他們留在印度呢？

Reverse brain drain through an entirely voluntary way of choosing India over the United States?

透過完全自願選擇印度而非美國的方式，來逆轉人才外流？

Right now is still not, in many cases, an economically viable option or a professionally viable option.

目前在許多情況下，這仍然不是一個經濟上可行或專業上可行的選擇。

Certain conditions in the United States remain still very valuable.

美國的某些條件仍然非常有價值。

Global standards of walking, better education, and other Social Security benefits that come for the next generations.

全球化的標準、更好的教育，以及為下一代提供的其他社會保障福利。

A fraction of people will become returnees or return migrants.

一小部分人將成為迴流者或迴流移民。

And maybe these are the people who have achieved a lot in the west and they have, like, relatively stable careers.

也許這些人是在西方取得了很大的成就，並且擁有相對穩定的職業生涯。

And now they're looking for the Next big opportunity, which might be back in China or India or Korea.

而現在他們正在尋找下一個大機會，這個機會可能就在中國、印度或韓國。

But if I'm a mid career person, I think the proclivity would be to find a similar location such as the uk, Europe, Canada or New Zealand Australia.

但如果我是職涯中期的人，我認為傾向會是尋找類似的國家，像是英國、歐洲、加拿大，或是紐西蘭、澳洲。

According to one piece of research, more than 73% of India affiliated researchers who moved abroad are never returned.

根據一項研究，超過 73% 的印度籍研究人員出國後就再也沒有回來。

Yet those who do often go on to build new ecosystems.

然而，那些確實回國的人，經常會建立起新的生態系。

For India, this is both a test and an opportunity.

對印度來說，這既是挑戰也是機會。

The country's projected 283 billion tech sector already powers much of the world's digital backbone.

該國預計達 2830 億美元的科技產業，已經為全球數位基礎架構提供了大部分的動力。

Indian exports to the United States are rising.

印度的出口到美國的金額正在上升。

The focus will become much more on digitally delivered services, essentially mean that you get to service clients in the United States through using more digital forms.

重點將會更多地放在數位傳輸服務上，這基本上意味著你可以透過更多數位形式來服務美國的客戶。

And those can essentially come through more active working of the Global Capability centers.

而這些可以透過更積極運作的全球能力中心 (Global Capability centers) 來實現。

India has become a hub for Global Capability Centres, the offshore arms of multinationals handling it, finance, HR and analytics.

印度已經成為全球能力中心 (Global Capability Centres) 的樞紐，這些是跨國公司處理 IT、金融、人力資源和分析的離岸部門。

Today the country is home to more than 1,950 GCCs employing over 1.9 million professionals.

如今，該國擁有超過 1,950 個全球能力中心，僱用了超過 190 萬名專業人士。

Now this is a happy situation on both sides because India is getting much more foreign exchange.

這對雙方來說都是個好消息，因為印度可以賺取更多外匯。

The United States firms are also happy because they are being able to develop a lot of patents patented knowledge through the gccs.

美國公司也很高興，因為他們能透過全球能力中心開發出許多專利知識。

And these are patented knowledges which they are able to use in other countries and obtain significant amounts of licensing fee and proprietary fee as a result.

這些專利知識可以讓他們在其他國家使用，並是以獲得可觀的授權費和權利金。

So it definitely seems that it's going to be tech startups that are most impacted by this policy.

所以這似乎肯定會對科技新創公司造成最大的影響。

I've spoken to some founders in Silicon Valley, they've told me that outright they won't be able to afford these fees.

我跟一些矽谷的創辦人聊過，他們直接說他們負擔不起這些費用。

Unlike maybe some of the bigger tech companies, they see unrecognized foreign talent as a way that they can kind of get an edge over competition.

和一些大公司不一樣，他們認為未被認可的外國人才，是他們能取得競爭優勢的方法。

But policies don't just affect companies, they influence how workers think about their futures, whether to build a life in the US or to look elsewhere.

但政策不只影響公司，還會影響員工對未來的想法，是要在美國生活，還是另尋他處。

To understand how these debates resonate personally, we spoke to Deepak Kothari, a staff system test engineer working in California.

為了了解這些爭論如何引起個人共鳴，我們訪問了在加州工作的系統測試工程師 Deepak Kothari。

If I think about how India's companies or tech environments are getting built, it's mostly a second version of what has been already built.

如果我想到印度的公司或科技環境是如何建立的，那大多是已經建立起來的東西的第二個版本。

In developed nations, there is a huge amount of competition, there are a lot of people and the places of growth are segmented into a particular area or particular niche.

在已開發國家，競爭非常激烈，人很多，成長的區域被劃抽成特定的區域或特定的利基市場。

So there is immense opportunities on new companies coming in or like legacy companies, can definitely try to cater towards this market and capture that segment of people who have been not tapped yet.

所以新創公司或老牌公司都有巨大的機會，可以試著迎合這個市場，抓住這些尚未被發掘的人才。

Chinese tech workers are in a slightly different position.

中國的科技工作者則處於稍微不同的位置。

While China is the second largest source of approved H1B petitions.

雖然中國是第二大核準 H1B 申請的來源國。

India is still building a mature homegrown tech ecosystem.

印度仍在建立一個成熟的本土科技生態系。

In 2024, China spent 2.68% of its GDP on R&D, about 506 billion.

2024 年，中國在研發上的支出佔 GDP 的 2.68%，約 5060 億美元。

That's nearly the size of Thailand's entire economy and four times India's 0.65%, or 27 billion.

這幾乎相當於泰國整個經濟的規模，是印度 0.65% 或 270 億美元的四倍。

By 2025, China also had 343 unicorns, compared to just 64 in India.

到 2025 年，中國擁有 343 家獨角獸公司，而印度僅有 64 家。

China has become more successful in the past decade when it comes to attracting top talents, especially in the field of robotics, AI, new energy supply chain, the battery technology, because these are the precise areas that Chinese government has been prioritizing.

在過去十年，中國在吸引頂尖人才方面變得更加成功，尤其是在機器人、人工智慧、新能源供應鏈、電池技術等領域，因為這些正是中國政府優先發展的領域。

So there are enough funding, there's a policy commitment and there's a good ecosystem in place.

所以有足夠的資金、政策承諾，以及良好的生態系。

Already there are some top talents from Stanford University, from Google or from Apple have come back to China, joined Baidu or other IT companies.

像是史丹佛大學、Google 或 Apple 的頂尖人才，已經有人回中國，加入了百度或其他 IT 公司。

Over the past decade, China has launched more than 200 talent recruitment programs.

過去十年，中國推出了超過 200 項人才招募計畫。

Designed specifically to attract global STEM talents without requiring employer sponsorship, is part of a broader strategy to compete for talent and build domestic innovation capacity.

這是為了吸引全球 STEM 人才而特別設計的，不需要僱主擔保，是為了爭取人才和建立國內創新能力更廣泛策略的一部分。

The K visa is such a big surprise to everyone in China.

K 簽證對中國的每個人來說，都是一個大驚喜。

We do have 12 million fresh graduates every year coming into the market and many of them do have top engineering degrees.

我們每年有 1200 萬應屆畢業生進入職場，其中許多人擁有頂尖的工程學位。

So it looks like China doesn't really need to import more talents.

所以看起來中國似乎不需要引進更多人才。

But the way that Chinese government reframe this is to attract top talents, the ones that China cannot produce.

但中國政府重新定義的方式是吸引頂尖人才，也就是中國自己無法培養的那種。

They want to make this more of a targeted recruitment rather than a mass immigration plan.

他們想要讓這更像是有針對性的招募，而不是大規模的移民計畫。

But critics warned the K visa could backfire, bringing in foreign talent at a time when millions of Chinese graduates are already struggling to find jobs.

但批評者警告說，K 簽證可能會適得其反，在數百萬中國畢業生已經在努力找工作的時候引進外國人才。

It does have 30 million labor shortage in manufacturing sector.

製造業確實有三千萬的勞動力短缺。

But on the other hand, there is a huge job market pressure for people in the areas of finance, it, real estate and education.

但另一方面，金融、科技、房地產和教育領域的人才就業市場壓力非常大。

So when we think about this mismatch in the job market, it actually reflected the shortcomings of China's education system.

所以當我們想到這種就業市場的錯配時，其實反映了中國教育體系的不足。

While policies and programs can attract high skilled talent, they don't guarantee return.

雖然政策和計畫可以吸引高技能人才，但不能保證他們會回歸。

Tian Tang, a former H1B holder now based in Lisbon, shares why she chose not to go back to China after leaving the US in 2023.

曾持有 H1B 簽證、現居里斯本的 Tian Tang 分享了她為何在 2023 年離開美國後，選擇不回中國。

In my global scan for a new home base, I consider my home country China very seriously.

在我為尋找新的根據地進行全球掃描時，我非常認真地考慮了我的祖國中國。

In fact, I did work for Alibaba in China between 2016 and 2017.

事實上，我在 2016 年到 2017 年間曾在中國的 Alibaba 工作過。

However, there are some aspects that prevented me from ultimately deciding on moving back to China.

然而，有些因素阻止了我最終決定搬回中國。

First of all, is the infamous 996 culture.

首先，就是惡名昭彰的 996 文化。

You work 9am to 9pm Six days a week, particularly in fast growing companies and sectors.

你每週工作九點到九點，而且是六天，這在快速成長的公司和產業裡尤其普遍。

I was really looking for a good balance between work, flexibility for family.

我真的很想在工作和家庭彈性之間找到一個好的平衡。

That was why I chose Portugal over China.

這就是我選擇葡萄牙而不是中國的原因。

In IT industry in particular, once someone is above 35 years old, that is considered too old to work in the field.

尤其在 IT 產業，一旦年齡超過 35 歲，就被認為太老不適合在這個領域工作了。

So they would normally get a chance to quit with some of equities or compensations, or they would just let go.

所以他們通常有機會透過一些股權或補償方案離職，不然就是直接被解僱。

The government knows how serious this problem is, but simultaneously they know that if China wants to compete with us in the long term, they do need the kind of talents that can develop transformative technology for the future.

政府知道這個問題有多嚴重，但同時他們也明白，如果中國想長期與我們競爭，就需要那種能為未來發展變革性技術的人才。

The outcome may not be a flood of workers returning, but a shift in how companies and countries manage talent.

結果可能不會是大量人才迴流，而是公司和國家管理人才的方式發生轉變。

And the race isn't just between countries.

而這場競賽不只是國家之間的。

The pandemic changed the rules of the game.

Migration is no longer the only path to mobility.

Hybrid and remote models mean talent can increasingly serve global clients from anywhere.

混合辦公和遠端模式意味著人才可以越來越不受地點限制地為全球客戶服務。

I think the worker is in a great position right now.

我覺得現在勞工的處境非常好。

Given the fact that you can live in a location of your choice and yet have global opportunities, I think that's a clear victory for the worker.

考量到你可以選擇自己喜歡的地點居住，同時又擁有全球性的機會，我認為這對勞工來說是個明顯的勝利。

My prediction is this shock force more startups to embrace the work from anywhere model.

我的預測是，這次衝擊會迫使更多新創公司採用「隨處工作」模式。

The loss will be of the American economy because now you will have American startups hiring talent across the the world.

損失的將是美國經濟，因為現在美國新創公司將在全球各地聘僱人才。

他們透過 EOR (僱主 of Record) 聘僱人才。

So these are a class of organizations that would hire the talent for these companies and then contract out the talent to the startup.

所以這類組織會先為這些公司聘僱人才，然後再將人才外包給新創公司。

The talent will be working for the American company, but living outside in a foreign country and paying taxes there.

這些人才將為美國公司工作，但居住在國外，並在當地繳稅。

You are not constrained to the labor market of that one city or that one region.

你不再受限於單一城市或單一地區的勞動力市場。