Name: 巨石柱 | 與丹-斯諾一起探訪造就英格蘭的 10 個地方 (Stonehenge | 10 Places That Made England with Dan Snow)
Uploaded: 2025-10-31T18:30:45.000Z
Duration: 7 min 4 s

程度副詞

If you ask people to list the most famous historic sites in England, there's a good chance they'll start with something pretty prehistoric.

如果你問大家要列出英國最有名氣的歷史遺跡，很有可能他們會從一些史前時代的東西開始說起。

Certainly one of the most recognizable, the most famous structures, not just in England, in the world.

絕對是最具辨識度、最知名的建築之一，不只在英國，而是在全世界。

Stonehenge has been standing like an eternal guardian, watching over English history for well over 4,000 years.

Stonehenge 就像永恆的守護者一樣屹立不搖，默默守護了英國歷史超過 4000 年。

Traditionally, Stonehenge has been the stuff of folklore and legends, created by giants holding hands, the devil himself having a part in it.

傳統上，Stonehenge 充滿了民間傳說和神話故事，像是巨人手牽手建造，甚至連魔鬼本人都參與其中。

But what does modern science and archaeology have tell us about who built this and why?

但現代科學和考古學告訴我們，是誰建造了它？又為什麼呢？

Stonehenge stands on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire.

Stonehenge 坐落在 Wiltshire 的 Salisbury Plain。

There's been a ritual site there for over 5,000 years.

那裡在 5000 多年前就已經是個祭祀場所了。

One of the earliest phases is this earth bank and ditch dug with antler bones in the Neolithic period or late stone age, in 3100 BC.

最早的階段之一，是這個在新石器時代或石器時代晚期，也就是公元前 3100 年，用鹿角骨挖掘出來的土堤和壕溝。

After the earth, bank and ditches came the epic stones we still see today.

在堆完土、築好堤和挖好壕溝後，就是我們今天看到的史詩級巨石了。

These monster uprights here, called Sams, weigh about 25 tons, which is, by the way, considerably more than the blocks used to build the pyramids in Giza.

這裡巨大的直立石塊，叫做薩爾森石，重約 25 噸，比吉薩金字塔的石塊還要重得多。

They were dragged from around 20 miles away.

這些石頭是從大約 20 英里外拖來的。

And really no one knows for sure exactly how they got them here, but

確切的搬運方式至今無人確知，但

we can be certain it took a lot of manpower.

我們可以確定這需要大量的人力。

The people who created these monumental structures were reshaping their relationship with nature.

建造這些巨大結構的人們，正在重塑他們與大自然的關係。

And with structures like this, they now have the ability to physically change the landscape around them, too.

透過像這樣的建築，他們現在也有能力實際改變周遭的景觀了。

As well as these gigantic sarsens, they have these slightly smaller stones here, which might look similar, but

除了這些巨大的薩爾森石，這裡還有這些稍微小一點的石頭，看起來很像，但

they're from a very, very different quarry.

它們來自非常非常不同的採石場。

These so called bluestones, believe it or not, are from the Preseli Hills in South Wales, 250km away.

這些所謂的藍色石，信不信由你，是來自南威爾斯的普雷斯利丘陵，距離這裡 250 公里。

How they got here is one of the great mysteries.

它們是如何來到這裡的，是個大謎團。

These gigantic stones weren't just quarried and transported here and then erected.

這些巨大的石頭不只是被開採、運到這裡，然後豎立起來。

They required a lot of work done for them, a lot of shaping, and

它們需要經過很多加工，很多塑形，

that all took place with stone hammers, of which hundreds have been found by archaeologists near this site.

這一切都是用石錘完成的，考古學家在這個遺址附近找到了數百個石錘。

This would originally have been right up there on top of that giant sarsen.

它原本會被放在那塊巨大的薩爾森石的頂部。

And you can see this feature here, it's known as a mortise.

你可以看到這裡的這個特徵，它叫做榫眼。

that would slot neatly into the little tenum up there like a Lego brick.

然後它會像Lego積木一樣，完美地卡進上面那個小小的榫頭。

You can see an example of it with this one here.

你可以看看這一塊，就是一個例子。

And all of that represented hundreds, if not thousands of hours of labor.

這代表了數百甚至數千小時的勞動。

And these people had a lot to be getting on with.

而且這些人當時有很多事情要做。

They had to feed their families, provide shelter.

So it just shows how important this task was considered.

所以這就顯示了這項任務被認為有多重要。

Neolithic and Bronze Age people put effort and soul into building and reshaping this colossal structure.

新石器時代和青銅時代的人們投入了心力與靈魂來建造和重塑這個巨大的結構。

The sheer magnitude of the time and effort given to this project must have meant this space was incredibly important.

這項工程投入的時間和精力之龐大，一定意味著這個地方極其重要。

They would have put aside their need to farm or hunt, to focus on the construction.

他們可能會放下農耕或狩獵的需求，專注於建造。

And perhaps the very act of building itself was a spiritual process.

也許建造本身就是一個精神上的過程。

The creation of group spaces like Stonehenge, where artifacts show varied communities, using the site, could mean this time was a period of religious stability and social cohesion.

像 Stonehenge 這樣團體空間的創造，其出土的文物顯示有不同的社群使用這個地方，這可能意味著當時是宗教穩定和社會凝聚的時期。

There's so much we don't know about Stonehenge, but

關於 Stonehenge，我們還有很多不知道的地方，但

one thing we can be pretty certain about is it was built to be aligned to the solstice, the summer solstice.

有一件事我們可以相當確定，那就是它建造的目的，是為了對齊至日，也就是夏至。

The sun would rise just on the left hand side of the heel stone.

太陽會從「腳跟石」的左側升起。

It would come through that gap and that early morning sun would flash on the altar stone, whilst for the winter solstice, the sunset would be just over there, directly opposite.

太陽會穿過那個縫隙，清晨的陽光會照射在祭壇石上，而冬至時，夕陽則會在那邊，正對面。

And this use at solstice could be our best clue of just how important Stonehenge was for our ancestors.

而這種在至日的使用，可能是我們瞭解 Stonehenge 對我們祖先有多重要的一大線索。

To find out more, I'm meeting Stonehenge curator Heather Sabir.

想了解更多，我要去拜訪 Stonehenge 的策展人 Heather Sabir。

Well, it gives you a clue that these people were observing the movements of the sun, probably the moon as well, although it's much harder to track.

嗯，這給了我們一個線索，這些人正在觀察太陽的運行，可能還有月亮，雖然月亮比較難追蹤。

And they probably had people that we might have called astronomers who might have been observing the length of days.

他們可能有人，我們或許可以稱他們為天文學家，他們可能在觀察日照長度。

They would have been able to watch the sun set through the giant trilithon that's only half there.

他們能夠透過那座只剩一半的巨大三石塔，觀看日落。

And the sun would have been so important to them because these people are farmers.

而太陽對他們來說非常重要，因為這些人是農夫。

And so the coming of the midsummer and the sunrise, we think it's probably a huge time of celebration.

所以仲夏的來臨和日出，我們認為那應該是個盛大的慶祝時刻。

They probably knew it was like the turning of the year.

他們大概知道那是歲末的轉折。

The days were going to get longer, it was hopefully going to get warmer, and

And there's evidence too, from the settlement at Durrington Walls, where we think the people who built Stonehenge were living, that they were feasting around the end of what we would call the end of the year in December.

而且，從 Durrington Walls 的聚落遺址，我們認為建造 Stonehenge 的人就住在那裡，也有證據顯示，他們在我們稱為十二月歲末的時候正在舉辦宴會。

Coming here to Stonehenge highlights how even though our prehistoric ancestors inhabited these spaces over 4,000 years ago, we still have so much in common with them.

來到 Stonehenge，更能凸顯即使我們的史前祖先在四千多年前就居住在這裡，我們和他們還是有許多共通之處。

I think we humans have always sought to come together, to gather, to mark occasions or the passing of time.

我認為身為人類，我們總是渴望聚集、相聚，來慶祝特殊時刻或標記時間的流逝。

We create places to make those times even more special.

我們創造了許多地方，讓這些時刻更加特別。

And Stonehenge is the ultimate example of that.

A place that's endured, a place that's now one of the most recognizable sites, not just in England, but

它是一個歷久不衰的地方，一個現在不僅在英格蘭，

更在全世界都極具代表性的景點。