Name: 漂浮農場、海綿城市和已經奏效的氣候解決方案 | Harjeet Singh | TED (Floating Farms, Sponge Cities and the Climate Solutions Already Working | Harjeet Singh | TED)
Uploaded: 2025-10-19T13:11:52.000Z
Duration: 11 min 7 s

Foreign I'm a climate justice advocate and people often ask me, harjit, how do you manage to stay positive and smile with all the doom and gloom around us?

我是氣候正義倡議者，大家常問我，Harjit，在這麼多令人沮喪的消息下，你怎麼能保持樂觀並帶著笑容呢？

Trust me, I do get angry and there's plenty of evidence online.

相信我，我也會生氣，網路上有大量的證據。

There's no doubt that we are living through a human caused climate crisis, but

毫無疑問，我們正經歷著人為氣候危機，但是

I have immense faith in humanity and our collective superpower which is our ability to adapt.

我對人類和我們的集體超能力——也就是我們的適應能力——有著無限的信心。

We have adapted for centuries, except the scale and speed that are required now are unprecedented and each one of us has to play our part.

我們已經適應了好幾個世紀，只是現在所需的規模和速度是前所未有的，而我們每個人都必須扮演好自己的角色。

Let me share About Kamlesh Kushwaha, Superpower he's an organic farmer from a drought prone Bundelkhand region in India where people are dependent on rain fed agriculture and traditional wells.

讓我來分享一下 Kamlesh Kushwaha 的故事，他是一位來自印度乾旱易發的 Bundelkhand 地區的有機農夫，當地居民依賴雨養農業和傳統水井。

Having worked with Kamlesh since 2017 through my organization Fatat Sampada, I can tell you he is not a conventional farmer.

自 2017 年起，我透過我的組織 Fatat Sampada 與 Kamlesh 合作，我可以告訴你，他不是一個傳統農夫。

He is someone who thinks, who plans, who knows how to adapt.

他是一個懂得思考、懂得規劃、懂得如何適應的人。

Life could have been far worse for him during the deadly 2024 heat wave, but

在 2024 年致命的熱浪期間，他的生活本來可以更糟，但是

his ability to choose crops wisely and adjust the timings as the weather changes and installing a solar powered irrigation pump with the government support has been a game changer.

他能夠明智地選擇作物、隨著天氣變化調整時機，並在政府支持下安裝太陽能灌溉泵，這些都成了遊戲規則的改變者。

He has been able to adapt much better than many farmers who lost close to 50% of their production.

他比許多損失了近 50% 產量的農夫更能適應。

Kamle's story is not just about survival, it's about the human spirit.

Kamlesh 的故事不只是關於生存，更是關於人類精神。

It's about power of people to make a difference if they get the right kind of support and in a timely manner.

這關乎人們在獲得適當支持並及時到位時，能夠帶來改變的力量。

We know that climate impacts are increasing and we see devastation all around us, which means that we have to adapt.

我們知道氣候影響正在增加，周遭充滿毀滅，這表示我們必須適應。

Adaptation means adjusting and being ready for a new climate reality which is uncertain and unpredictable.

適應意味著調整並準備好迎接一個不確定且不可預測的新氣候現實。

Imagine you are stepping out of home wearing a T shirt, carrying a water bottle for the heat, but

想像一下你穿著 T 恤出門，帶著水瓶應付炎熱，但

you are also carrying an umbrella for the unexpected rain and a jacket for the evening chill.

你也帶著雨傘應付突如其來的雨，還有外套應付晚上的寒意。

It may look a bit silly, but then you are ready for every situation.

這看起來可能有點傻，但這樣你就為各種情況做好了準備。

Countries of course require much more than a backpack.

國家當然需要的遠遠不只是一個揹包。

Let me share a mantra with you which is the crux of my 25 years of experience working with communities, governments and also at the global policy making level.

讓我分享一個咒語給你，這是我 25 年來與社區、政府以及在全球政策制定層級工作經驗的精髓。

The mantra is that there can be no adaptation without development.

這個咒語是，沒有發展就沒有適應。

One, the Netherlands, where centuries of investment and smart planning have created a landscape that can coexist with the sea.

一個是荷蘭，經過幾個世紀的投資和明智的規劃，創造了一個能夠與海洋共存的景觀。

The other, Bangladesh, where millions of people live on the front lines of climate change, where floods, droughts, cyclones and the rising seas are devastating their homes, farms and livelihoods.

另一個是孟加拉，數百萬人生活在氣候變遷的第一線，洪水、乾旱、氣旋和海平面上升正在摧毀他們的家園、農田和生計。

This isn't just about geography, it's about access to resources.

這不只是地理問題，更是資源獲取的問題。

Netherlands, for instance, amassed massive wealth largely through its colonial rule.

例如，荷蘭透過殖民統治積累了巨額財富。

Bangladesh, on the other hand, has been a victim of such historical injustices.

孟加拉則相反，一直是歷史不公的受害者。

Economist UTSA Patnaik's research, published by Columbia University Press, reveals how the British took approximately $45 trillion from the Indian subcontinent between 1765 to 1938.

經濟學家 UTSA Patnaik 在哥倫比亞大學出版社出版的研究顯示，英國在 1765 年到 1938 年間，從印度次大陸搜刮了約 45 兆美元。

Now imagine the scale of the wealth that was taken from the subcontinent which pushed the region into deep poverty, limiting the capacity of nations like Bangladesh to invest into resilient infrastructure and institutions that are required now to deal with the climate impacts.

現在想像一下，從次大陸被掠奪走的財富規模，讓該地區陷入了深重的貧困，限制了像孟加拉這樣的國家投資於現在應對氣候影響所需的韌性基礎設施和機構的能力。

Like Bangladesh, we also see countries like Mozambique which are facing devastating climate impacts.

就像孟加拉一樣，我們也看到莫三比克等國家正遭受著毀滅性的氣候影響。

They're forced to take more and more loans and the result is they're stuck and trapped in a vicious cycle of debt and poverty.

他們被迫借貸越來越多的款項，結果就是他們陷入了債務和貧困的惡性循環，動彈不得。

Lesson there can be no adaptation without development.

這裡的教訓是，沒有發展就沒有適應。

Let's also not think that only low income countries are facing climate impacts.

我們也不要以為只有低收入國家才面臨氣候影響。

Remember the floods in Germany a few years ago, Wildfires in Australia and Canada even now, and

還記得幾年前德國的洪水，澳洲和加拿大的野火，甚至現在，

the super storms that are hitting the US far more frequently.

還有襲擊美國的超級風暴越來越頻繁。

All these are challenging and overwhelming the capacity of these nations who have robust power grids, emergency services, warning systems.

所有這些都正在挑戰和壓垮這些擁有強大電網、緊急服務、預警系統的國家的能力。

But the fact is that they are losing billions of dollars.

但事實是，他們損失了數十億美元。

Because they never anticipated that the climate crisis is also going to hit them.

因為他們從沒預料到氣候危機也會衝擊到他們。

I've been following negotiations for years.

我關注這些談判已經好幾年了。

They always thought it's a developing country issue.

他們一直認為這是開發中國家的問題。

On the contrary, they kept increasing the fossil fuel extraction, which we all know is the cause of the climate crisis.

相反地，他們持續增加化石燃料的開採，而我們都知道這是氣候危機的根源。

我說的是煤炭、石油和天然氣。

Lesson if you don't adapt, climate impacts are going to erode years of development gains.

教訓是，如果你不適應，氣候影響將會侵蝕多年的發展成果。

And more fossil fuels means more climate impacts, leading to more losses and damages.

更多的化石燃料意味著更多的氣候影響，導致更多的損失和損害。

Studies from the Global Commission on Adaptation and the World Resources Institute have shown that for every dollar invested in adaptation, we can save four to more than $10 that are later spent on disaster response.

根據「全球適應委員會」和「世界資源研究所」的研究顯示，每投入一塊錢在適應措施上，我們就能省下四塊到十塊多塊錢，這些錢原本是要花在災難應對上的。

That's an amazing return on investment, right?

這是不是一個驚人的投資報酬率呢？

So there's a very strong economic case to invest in adaptation.

所以，投資適應措施有很強的經濟效益。

Now for a safer future, let's take some more examples from the grassroots cities and at the policy level.

為了更安全的未來，我們來看看更多來自基層城市和政策層級的例子。

Let me take you back to Bangladesh where we see that farms are flooded for months.

讓我帶大家回到孟加拉，那裡農田會淹水好幾個月。

How many farmers in Bangladesh have created these floating farms?

孟加拉有多少農夫創造了這些浮動農場？

They use a local bamboo material with rich beds of soil and compost.

他們利用當地的竹子，加上豐富的土壤和堆肥。

So when floodwaters rise, these Farms float, lifting the produce safely above the water.

所以當洪水上漲時，這些農場就會浮起來，讓農作物安全地高於水面。

There are also examples of cities where you see that Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia, Shanghai and Tianjin in China and Singapore have decided to become sponge cities.

也有城市像是馬來西亞的吉隆坡、中國的上海和天津，以及新加坡，他們都決定要成為海綿城市。

Instead of fighting excess water, they are working to make friends with it.

他們不是對抗過多的水，而是試圖與水和平共處。

It means more green spaces like porous pavements that can absorb rainwater, more parks, more urban wetlands, and

這代表更多的綠色空間，像是能吸收雨水的滲透性鋪面、更多的公園、更多的城市濕地，還有

那麼，這會帶來什麼樣的影響呢？

They are not only prepared to fight floods much better.

These aspects also clean the air naturally.

這些措施也能自然地淨化空氣。

They also cool down the neighborhoods, making the city far more pleasant and healthy for everyone.

它們還能為社區降溫，讓城市對每個人來說都更加宜人健康。

現在，我們也來看看政策層級。

One of the largest climate adaptation initiatives in Africa, Productivity Safety Net Program in Ethiopia, doesn't just provide food aid during droughts, but

衣索比亞的「生產力安全網計畫」，是非洲最大的氣候適應計畫之一，它不只在乾旱時期提供糧食援助，還

engages millions of people to create soil and water conservation structures, small irrigation projects, and

讓數百萬人參與建造水土保持結構、小型灌溉工程，以及

Now that's a masterpiece of common sense.

So you are using the resource which is there for immediate relief to invest into long term adaptation and resilience.

所以你們是利用現有的資源來提供即時援助，同時投資於長期的適應與韌性。

But that would require hundreds of billions of dollars.

One, we must make sure that all countries have resilience policies and practices so that we are able to adapt.

第一，我們必須確保所有國家都有韌性政策和實踐，這樣我們才能適應。

And we also need to move away from fossil fuels.

而且我們也需要擺脫化石燃料。

And that would require a bolder initiative so that we can all make a transition which is just and equitable.

這需要更大膽的倡議，這樣我們才能做出公正且公平的轉變。

And for that we need a fossil fuel treaty.

為此我們需要一份化石燃料條約。

And we also need to make sure that developing countries who do not have resources are supported by the wealthy nations who are largely responsible for the climate crisis.

我們也需要確保那些沒有資源的開發中國家，能獲得主要對氣候危機負有責任的富裕國家支持。

Second, beyond governments, you can use your adaptation superpower to make a difference.

二、除了政府之外，你也可以運用你的適應超能力來改變現狀。

And you don't need to be a climatologist for that.

而且你不需要是氣候學家才能做到。

If you are an educator, don't just teach about climate change, but

如果你是教育工作者，不要只教氣候變遷，

also prepare and inspire the next generation to act.

還要準備好並啟發下一代採取行動。

If you are an engineer, you can be the Tony Stark of adaptation.

如果你是工程師，你可以成為適應的鋼鐵人。

Innovate, create designs and technology and share them with people who need to manage climate risks.

創新、設計和開發科技，並與需要管理氣候風險的人們分享。

If you're an artist or a content creator, simplify complex data and concepts, write a poem, sing a song, reach people's hearts and minds so that they can learn about resilience with joy and hope.

如果你是藝術家或內容創作者，簡化複雜的數據和概念，寫首詩、唱首歌，觸動人們的心靈，讓他們能快樂且充滿希望地學習韌性。

Let us start accepting the reality that climate change is upon us and it has brought uncertainty and unpredictability on a daily basis.

讓我們開始接受氣候變遷已然發生，並且每天都帶來不確定且不可預測的影響這個事實。

We need to apply a climate lens to every activity so that we can make adaptation and development go hand in hand.

我們需要將氣候觀點應用於所有活動，這樣我們才能讓適應與發展並行。

And trust me, collectively we can build a safer future by spreading solutions and hope everywhere.

相信我，透過到處傳播解決方案和希望，我們集體就能建立一個更安全的未來。