Name: 喚醒的神經科學 | Emily Nagoski (The neuroscience of arousal | Emily Nagoski)
Uploaded: 2025-09-18T18:07:38.000Z
Duration: 9 min 28 s

程度副詞

The history of the science of sex therapy really has three major phases.

性治療科學的歷史實際上分為三個主要階段。

基礎被動語態

The first is grounded in the work of Masterson Johnson, whose fundamental four-phase model of sexual response was what sex therapy was based on.

第一種是基於馬斯特森-約翰遜的研究，他的性反應四階段基本模式是性治療的基礎。

Which aspect of those four phases was someone struggling with?

在這四個階段中，有人在哪一方面遇到困難？

Were they struggling with the orgasm phase?

Were they struggling with the arousal phase?

Because it was usually those two plateau, were they struggling with the resolution phase?

因為通常是這兩個高原，他們是否在決議階段掙扎？

And interventions, Sensate Focus Therapy specifically, were designed to address the phases of the arousal process.

而干預措施，特別是 "感官聚焦療法"，就是針對喚醒過程的各個階段而設計的。

But when you listen to those phases, you've got arousal, plateau, orgasm, refractory period.

但當你聽到這些階段時，你就會發現興奮期、高原期、高潮期、難熬期。

Because of the way Masterson Johnson were doing their research.

因為馬斯特森-約翰遜進行研究的方式。

People were just coming in knowing that they were going to get paid to masturbate to orgasm for science.

人們都知道，為了科學而手淫達到高潮是有報酬的。

They didn't have to experience desire the way in a relationship you'd really hope that everybody involved in that sexual experience would want it, not just because they were doing it for science, though I'm in favor of people doing sex for science.

他們不需要體驗慾望，就像在戀愛關係中，你真的希望參與性體驗的每個人都希望這樣，而不僅僅是因為他們是為了科學，儘管我贊成人們為了科學而做愛。

When Helen Singer Kaplan came along in the 1970s, she noticed, she looked at the clinical notes of all the therapists in her practice and found that the cases where they were not being successful were the cases where there was a desire problem and noticed that desire was nowhere in the model they were using to treat sexuality.

20 世紀 70 年代，海倫-辛格-卡普蘭（Helen Singer Kaplan）出現了，她注意到，她查看了所有治療師的臨床筆記，發現他們治療不成功的病例都是存在慾望問題的病例，她注意到，在他們使用的性治療模式中，沒有慾望這一項。

So she created the desire-arousal-orgasm model, the triphasic model, and it was a revolutionary to add desire.

是以，她創造了 "慾望-喚醒-高潮 "模型，即 "三相模型"。

So now we can develop interventions targeting specifically when and how much people want sex.

是以，我們現在可以針對人們想要性愛的時間和程度，制定有針對性的干預措施。

And then, just as it was starting to feel really complicated in the late 90s, Rosemary Besson, for example, in Canada was developing the model of responsive desire and we were needing a more neurobiological understanding of how this process worked.

到了 90 年代末，就在人們開始感覺到這一問題變得複雜的時候，加拿大的羅斯瑪麗-貝松（Rosemary Besson）等人提出了 "反應性慾望 "模型，我們需要從神經生物學的角度來理解這一過程是如何運作的。

And Eric Janssen and John Bancroft at the Kinsey Institute had the wacky idea that sex works in the brain just like all the other things in our brain, which is that it is a pairing of excitatory impulses and inhibitory impulses.

金賽研究所的埃裡克-揚森和約翰-班克羅夫特提出了一個古怪的觀點：性在大腦中的作用就像我們大腦中的其他東西一樣，是興奮衝動和抑制衝動的配對。

And so they started doing some survey research and it turns out, yes, there is a sexual excitation system and a sexual inhibition system.

於是，他們開始做一些調查研究，結果發現，是的，有一個性興奮系統和一個性抑制系統。

So the sexual excitation system is, colloquially, it's the accelerator or the gas pedal, and it notices all the sex-related information in the environment.

是以，性興奮系統，通俗地說，就是加速器或油門踏板，它會注意到環境中所有與性有關的資訊。

That's everything that you see, everything that you hear, smell, touch, taste, and, crucially, all the sensations in your body and everything that you think, believe, or imagine that your brain codes as related to sex.

這就是你所看到的一切，你所聽到的一切，你所聞到的一切，你所觸摸到的一切，你所品嚐到的一切，更重要的是，你身體裡的所有感覺，你所想到的一切，你所相信的一切，你所想象的一切，都會被你的大腦編碼為與性有關。

And it sends the turn-on signal that many of us are familiar with.

它發出了我們許多人都熟悉的開啟信號。

It functions unconsciously at a low level all the time.

它一直在低水平無意識地發揮作用。

Here we are talking about sex, so there's just a little bit of sex-related stimuli.

在這裡，我們談論的是性，所以只有一點點與性有關的刺激。

So there's just a little bit of turn-on signal being sent.

所以，這裡只是發出了一點點開啟信號。

But fortunately, at the same time, your brakes, the inhibitory impulses, are noticing all the good reasons not to be turned on right now.

但幸運的是，與此同時，你的制動器，即抑制衝動，也注意到了所有現在不開啟的好理由。

Everything that you see, hear, smell, touch, taste, and everything in your body sensations and everything you think, believe, or imagine that your brain codes as a potential threat.

你所看到、聽到、聞到、觸摸到、品嚐到的一切，你身體感覺到的一切，以及你所思考、相信或想象的一切，都會被你的大腦編碼為潛在威脅。

So the process of becoming aroused is a dual process of turning on the ons and turning off the offs.

是以，喚醒的過程是一個開啟和關閉的雙重過程。

And it turns out, even though a lot of the sex advice that happens in the mainstream, when people are struggling with any aspect of sexual response, pleasure, desire, arousal, orgasm, if people are struggling, mainstream advice is usually about adding stimulation to the gas pedal, porn and role play and vibrators and handcuffs, and if you like those things, great, go for it.

事實證明，儘管很多主流的性建議，當人們在性反應、快感、慾望、喚醒、性高潮等方面遇到困難時，主流建議通常都是在油門踏板上增加刺激、色情、角色扮演、振動器和手銬，如果你喜歡這些東西，很好，去做吧。

But it turns out when people are struggling, it's not usually because there's inadequate stimulation to the accelerator.

但事實證明，當人們陷入困境時，通常並不是因為加速器的刺激不足。

It's because there is too much stimulation to the brakes.

這是因為對剎車的刺激太大了。

So developing interventions that focus on getting rid of all the things that are activating the brakes, which is a lot of them have nothing to do with the sex itself, but have to do with stress, body image, trauma, and relationship issues.

是以，要制定干預措施，重點是消除所有激活剎車的因素，其中很多都與性本身無關，而是與壓力、身體形象、心理創傷和人際關係問題有關。

Well, sex is far more a brain process than a genital process.

性愛是一個大腦的過程，而不是生殖器的過程。

We can experience sex anywhere in our bodies.

我們可以在身體的任何部位體驗性。

If someone has a spinal cord injury so that they don't have any sensation in their genitals, they can still have orgasms by training their body to respond to other kinds of stimulation because orgasm is a brain response, arousal is a brain response.

如果有人因為脊髓損傷而導致生殖器失去知覺，他們仍然可以通過訓練身體對其他刺激做出反應而達到性高潮，因為性高潮是一種大腦反應，喚醒是一種大腦反應。

The biggest sex organ in your body is your skin, but the most important sex organ in your body is your brain.

人體最大的性器官是皮膚，但人體最重要的性器官是大腦。

The simple beginner advice for how to begin incorporating the dual control model into your own sexual well-being is to make these lists of things that activate the accelerators and things that hit the brakes.

對於如何開始將雙控模式融入自己的性福生活，初學者的簡單建議就是列出這些清單，列出能啟動加速器的事情和能踩剎車的事情。

But the reality of how our brains work is that it's much more complicated because there can be certain kinds of stimulation that in one context feel amazing and in other contexts make you want to punch somebody in the face.

但實際上，我們大腦的工作原理要複雜得多，因為有些刺激在某種情況下會讓人感覺很奇妙，而在另一些情況下卻會讓人想揍某人一拳。

If you are already in a fun, flirty, playful, aroused, trusting, loving frame of mind and you're certain someone tickles you, it's not everyone's favorite, but you can imagine a world where that feels playful and good and can even lead to other things.

如果你已經處於一種有趣、嫵媚、嬉戲、亢奮、信任、愛慕的心態中，你確信有人在撓你的癢癢，這並不是每個人的最愛，但你可以想象這樣的世界，感覺俏皮而美好，甚至可以引發其他事情。

But if you're in the middle of a fight with that exact same certain special someone and they tickle you, it is going to be very irritating.

但是，如果你正在和某個特別的人吵架，而對方卻在撓你的癢癢，那就會讓你非常惱火。

It's the same sensation, it's the same certain special someone, but the emotional context, by which I mean the actual activation in your brain, is different.

感覺是一樣的，某個特別的人也是一樣的，但情感背景（我指的是大腦中的實際激活）是不同的。

That's the internal context, is different.

And so your brain interprets the sensation as exactly the opposite.

是以，你的大腦會把這種感覺理解為完全相反的感覺。

It perceives it as being not pleasurable because the context is wrong or pleasurable because the context is right.

它認為不快樂是因為背景是錯誤的，或者快樂是因為背景是正確的。

There are a lot of circumstances where you absolutely would not want your partner to spank you.

在很多情況下，你絕對不希望你的伴侶打你的屁股。

But if you're already aroused and have full consent and feel very trusting and your partner slaps you on the butt, that could feel really good, even though in a different context it could feel painful and irritating.

但是，如果你已經被喚醒，而且完全同意，並感到非常信任，你的伴侶拍打你的屁股，這可能會讓你感覺非常好，儘管在不同的情況下，這可能會讓你感到疼痛和惱火。

I mean, if you want to look it up on Google Scholar, which I highly recommend, what we're looking at is the affective keyboard of the nucleus accumbens shell.

我的意思是，如果你想在谷歌學術網上查找相關資料，我強烈推薦你去谷歌學術網上查找，我們正在研究的是伏隔核外殼的情感鍵盤。

So the affective keyboard means that we shift along the surface of the nucleus accumbens shell so that when you are in a relaxed, playful, positive, pro-social state of mind, 90% of the nucleus accumbens shell becomes devoted to approach motivation.

是以，"情感鍵盤 "意味著我們會沿著大腦核外殼的表面移動，這樣當你處於放鬆、玩樂、積極、親社會的心理狀態時，大腦核外殼的 90% 就會被用於接近動機。

Responding to almost any stimulation is something to move toward with curiosity.

對幾乎所有的刺激都會做出反應，這需要我們帶著好奇心去做。

And when you are in a stressed, non-social, avoidance state of mind, what the hell is that?

而當你處於緊張、非社交、逃避的心理狀態時，這又算什麼呢？

90% of the nucleus accumbens shell becomes devoted to avoidance threat motivation.

90%的伏隔核外殼被用於迴避威脅的動機。

It will respond to almost anything as something to avoid as a potential threat, even a stimulus that in a different context it might have responded to as something to approach with curiosity.

它幾乎會對任何事物做出反應，將其視為潛在的威脅而加以避免，即使是在不同的環境下，它可能會對某一刺激做出反應，將其視為可以好奇接近的東西。

The dual control model sort of makes it sound like, touch me here, don't touch me that way.

雙控模式有點像 "碰我這裡，別碰我那邊"。

It could be as simple as that, but that's not how pleasure works.

事情可能就這麼簡單，但快樂並非如此。

The perception of a sensation in our bodies as pleasurable or not depends on the context in which we experience it.

我們對身體感覺的愉悅與否取決於我們體驗它的環境。

And the context means the external circumstances and our internal state.

背景指的是外部環境和我們的內心狀態。

External circumstances, the bedroom door is locked, we know we're not going to be interrupted.

在外部環境下，臥室的門是鎖著的，我們知道不會被打擾。

We're wearing the sexy underwear that makes us feel sexy.

我們穿著性感內衣，讓我們感覺性感。

Our partner made the bed with fresh sheets and we feel very cared for and they know how much the grit on the sheets irritated us and they just took care of that for us.

我們的夥伴為我們鋪上了乾淨的床單，讓我們感到非常貼心，他們知道床單上的沙粒有多讓我們惱火，他們只是為我們解決了這個問題。

The internal state is whether you are stressed, depressed, anxious, lonely, experiencing repressed rage, we've all got it.

內心狀態是指你是否有壓力、抑鬱、焦慮、孤獨，是否有壓抑的憤怒，我們都有。

Or if you're feeling pro-social, playful, curious, exploratory, do you feel ashamed of your own sexuality?

或者，如果你覺得自己親社會、愛玩、好奇、喜歡探索，你是否會為自己的性取向感到羞恥？

That's an internal state that is going to keep the brakes on and is going to make it really difficult for your brain to access pleasure.

這種內心狀態會讓你一直踩著剎車，讓你的大腦很難獲得快感。

Or do you feel really curious about your sexuality?

還是你對自己的性能力感到非常好奇？

That's an internal state that will allow the brakes to release so the accelerator can do what it does.

這是一種內部狀態，可以讓剎車鬆開，從而讓油門發揮作用。

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喚醒的神經科學 | Emily Nagoski (The neuroscience of arousal | Emily Nagoski)

perceive

potential

struggle

approach