Name: 攝影教程 - 景深解釋（淺景與深景） (Photography Tutorial - Depth of field explained (shallow vs deep))
Uploaded: 2025-08-03T18:36:48.000Z
Duration: 10 min 12 s

It doesn't matter what kind of grand creative ideas you have if the part of your image that should be in focus ain't in focus.

如果影像中應該對焦的部分沒有對焦，那麼無論你有多麼宏偉的創意想法都無濟於事。

情態助動詞 B1

Now you might say, isn't it also like that with exposure and composition?

也許你會說，曝光和構圖不也是這樣嗎？

轉承詞

Not necessarily, because exposure and composition can be altered in post-production.

不一定，因為曝光和構圖可以在後期製作中改變。

If an image is out of focus, you can't fix it.

Now before you say, but there are sharpening tools in my image editor.

在你說 "我的影像編輯器中有銳化工具 "之前，請先聽我說說。

No, sharpening tools don't restore focus.

This is why I've been so adamant about keeping track of shutter speed and autofocus while you're shooting.

這就是為什麼我一直堅持在拍攝時跟蹤快門速度和自動對焦的原因。

A slow shutter speed puts you at risk of blurring camera shake, and if you're not keeping track of what your camera's autofocus is doing, you won't necessarily get what you want in  So, having said all of that, we're now going to look at the concept of depth of field, which lets you ensure that some parts of your image will be out of focus.

如果快門速度過慢，就有可能造成相機抖動模糊，而且如果你沒有跟蹤相機的自動對焦情況，就不一定能拍到你想要的照片。

When you're creating an image, your job as a photographer can be boiled down to a single task to control the viewer's eye when they look at your photo.

在創作影像時，作為攝影師，你的工作可以歸結為一項任務，那就是控制觀眾觀看照片時的視線。

It's a visually complicated world out there, and you're trying to capture a representation of part of it.

外面的世界很複雜，你試圖捕捉其中的一部分。

Within that representation, you're trying to make certain that the viewer looks at specific things and sees them in a particular way.

在這種表現形式下，你要努力讓觀眾看到特定的事物，並以特定的方式看到它們。

Every technical and creative decision that you make serves that one goal.

你所做的每一個技術和創意決定都是為了實現這一個目標。

Now, you have a lot of tools for doing that.

現在，你有很多工具可以做到這一點。

You can compose in a particular way, you can expose in a particular way, and you can focus in a particular way.

你可以用特定的方式構圖，可以用特定的方式曝光，也可以用特定的方式聚焦。

When you're exposing, you can, for example, plunge shadows into complete black so that there are no distracting details.

例如，在曝光時，你可以讓陰影完全變黑，這樣就不會出現令人分心的細節。

Depth of field gives you control over focus, and the simplest example is one that we've all seen a lot, a portrait.

景深能讓你控制焦距，最簡單的例子就是我們經常看到的人像。

Here is a portrait with deep depth of field.

That is, everything in the background is sharp and in focus, as is the subject.

也就是說，背景中的一切都清晰對焦，主體也是如此。

So you might think that this is a successful portrait because everything is in focus, and as he said, focus is the most important thing.

是以，你可能會認為這是一幅成功的肖像畫，因為一切都對焦了，而正如他所說，對焦是最重要的。

Here's the same portrait shot with shallow depth of field.

這是同樣的人像照片，景深較淺。

The background is blurrier, but my subject is still in focus, and that defocused background is a way that I've grabbed the viewer's eye and made sure that they look at the subject rather than the background.

背景更模糊了，但我的主體仍然在焦距內，背景失焦是我抓住觀眾視線的一種方式，確保他們看的是主體而不是背景。

Depth of field is the final piece of the answer to the question of why there are two physical mechanisms for controlling light.

景深是回答 "為什麼有兩種物理機制來控制光線 "這一問題的最後一環。

Shutter speed and aperture both allow you to control the brightness of your image, and as you've seen, shutter speed also allows you to control motion stopping.

快門速度和光圈都可以讓您控制影像的亮度，正如您所看到的，快門速度還可以讓您控制運動停止。

Aperture, in addition to controlling brightness, gives you control of depth of field, and I will argue that depth of field control is something you'll think about a lot more often than motion stopping.

光圈除了能控制亮度外，還能讓你控制景深，我認為景深控制比運動停頓更能讓你經常思考。

Unless you're a sports or wildlife shooter, motion control is not something you'll need to think about very often, but depth of field is something you'll consider every time you go shoot.  Because, for example, in a landscape shoot, you usually want to have very deep depth of field.

除非您是體育或野生動物攝影師，否則運動控制並不是您需要經常考慮的問題，但景深卻是您每次拍攝時都要考慮的問題。  例如，在風景拍攝中，您通常希望景深非常深。

Portraits, as we've just seen, usually have shallow depth of field.

正如我們剛才看到的，人像通常景深較淺。

Product shots usually want deep depth of field.

產品拍攝通常需要較深的景深。

In street shooting, your depth of field might vary a lot.

在街頭拍攝時，景深可能會有很大變化。

Like shutter speed, depth of field has its own corresponding set of numbers.

與快門速度一樣，景深也有自己對應的一組數字。

This may seem intimidating at first, but as with shutter speed, depth of field is very simple once you understand some fundamental concepts.

一開始，這可能會讓人望而生畏，但與快門速度一樣，只要理解了一些基本概念，景深就會變得非常簡單。

Apertures are measured in f-numbers, which have this odd progression, f2, f2.8, f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16.

光圈是以 f 數來衡量的，其奇數級數為：f2、f2.8、f4、f5.6、f8、f11、f16。

You should know that each one of these numbers represents the size of the circular opening that is the aperture in your lens.

要知道，這些數字中的每一個都代表著鏡頭光圈的圓形開口的大小。

You should also know that, from left to right, each one of these numbers represents an aperture that is half the size as the previous number.

您還應該知道，從左到右，每個數字代表的光圈大小都是前一個數字的一半。

In other words, each one of these apertures represents a one-stop difference in exposure.

換句話說，每一個光圈代表一檔的曝光差異。

The tricky bit here is that larger numbers correspond to a smaller opening.

這裡的難點在於，數字越大，開口越小。

So f16 is half as big as f11, or one stop smaller.

是以，f16 是 f11 的一半，或小一檔。

For example, if your camera chooses a 30th of a second as a shutter speed, a speed that might be too slow for handheld shooting, you know that you can increase the shutter speed by one stop to a 60th of a second.

例如，如果您的相機選擇 30 分之一秒作為快門速度，這個速度對於手持拍攝來說可能太慢，但您知道可以將快門速度提高一檔至 60 分之一秒。

But that's a change that will darken your exposure by one stop.

但這一改變會使曝光變暗一檔。

So to compensate for that, you can open your aperture by one stop to let in the same amount of light that your shutter speed change eliminated.

是以，為了彌補這一不足，您可以將光圈開大一檔，以獲得與快門速度變化所消除的光量相同的光線。

Those equal and opposite changes give you the same level of overall brightness in your final exposure, but with the advantage of a faster shutter speed in that case.

在這種情況下，快門速度越快，整體亮度就越高。

However, changing the size of your aperture does more than simply change the brightness of your exposure.

然而，改變光圈大小的作用不僅僅是改變曝光的亮度。

As shutter speed changes affect brightness and motion stopping power, aperture changes affect brightness and depth of field.

快門速度的變化會影響亮度和運動停止力，光圈的變化也會影響亮度和景深。

As your aperture gets smaller, depth of field increases.

For example, I'm going to look in this camera over here.

We're on a tighter shot here, and the background is about as sharp as what you've been seeing in this camera over here.

我們正在拍攝一個更緊湊的鏡頭，背景的清晰度和你在這個鏡頭裡看到的差不多。

But right now, we're affecting a change in that other camera so that when I look back to it, depth of field is much more shallow than it was before.

但現在，我們正在改變另一臺相機，這樣當我回過頭來看它時，景深就會比以前淺得多。

And what I mean by that is the background back there is a little bit softer.

我的意思是，後面的背景要柔和一些。

The change that we affected is that we opened up the aperture of this camera.

我們所做的改變是打開了這款相機的光圈。

Before we had a very small aperture, which gave us deep depth of field.

以前，我們的光圈非常小，是以景深很深。

Now we have a larger aperture, which is getting us a much more shallow depth of field.

現在我們有了更大的光圈，可以獲得更淺的景深。

Again, one is not necessarily better than the other in any sort of objective sense, but they do have very different feels.

同樣，從任何客觀意義上講，一種並不一定比另一種好，但它們的感覺確實截然不同。

Let's take a look at some stills side by side.

So in the left one, you can see I've got my smaller aperture, which is giving me deeper depth of field.

是以，在左邊這張照片中，你可以看到我使用了較小的光圈，這讓我獲得了更深的景深。

In the right hand image, I've got a wider aperture, which is giving me more shallow depth of field.

在右圖中，我使用了更大的光圈，從而獲得了更淺的景深。

You can argue that the shallower depth of field kind of isolates foreground more by making the background less distracting.

你可以說，較淺的景深可以減少背景的干擾，從而更有效地隔離前景。

Here's a landscape shot with very deep depth of field.

這是一張景深很深的風景照片。

Shooting the scene with shallow depth of field doesn't really work in this case.

在這種情況下，用淺景深拍攝場景其實是行不通的。

We want to see all of the details in the shot.

我們希望看到鏡頭中的所有細節。

So going shallow doesn't work as well, in my opinion.

是以，在我看來，淺嘗輒止並不奏效。

But again, depth of field is subjective, and very often your subject matter will drive your depth of field choices.

但同樣，景深也是主觀的，很多時候你的拍攝主題會影響你對景深的選擇。

So now you have another factor to work with in your exposure balancing act.

是以，現在您在平衡曝光時又多了一個因素。

Perhaps you're shooting in a dark room and your meter is reporting very slow shutter speeds.

也許您在暗室中拍攝，而測光表顯示的快門速度非常慢。

You can, of course, increase the ISO, but you can only take that so far before your image becomes too noisy.

當然，您也可以提高 ISO，但在影像變得過於嘈雜之前，您只能這麼做。

This will allow you to use faster shutter speeds, but it will also reduce the depth of field in your shot.

這樣可以使用更快的快門速度，但同時也會減小拍攝的景深。

Depending on what you're shooting, that may or may not be a problem.

根據您拍攝的內容，這可能是個問題，也可能不是。

If you want to shoot in low light, have very deep depth of field, and freeze motion, that may not be possible.

如果您想在弱光環境下拍攝，獲得非常深的景深，並定格運動，這可能是不可能的。

In that situation, some cameras will do better than others because some cameras can have their ISOs pushed higher before they produce a lot of noise.

在這種情況下，有些相機會比其他相機做得更好，因為有些相機可以在產生大量噪點之前將 ISO 值調得更高。

But still, there will be situations where, for reasons of practicality and physics, you simply cannot get the balance that you want.

但是，在某些情況下，出於實用性和物理原因，你根本無法獲得想要的平衡。

Aperture then can be summed up as follows.

An aperture is a mechanical circular opening, usually contained in your camera's lens.

光圈是一個機械圓形開口，通常位於相機鏡頭中。

It can be made bigger and smaller, and as you make it smaller, the depth of field in your scene increases.

它可以變大或變小，當你把它變小時，場景中的景深就會增加。

Smaller apertures are represented by larger numbers.

較小的孔徑用較大的數字表示。

You just need to memorize all of that, it won't take long, and soon the particulars of aperture will be second nature.

你只需記住所有這些，用不了多長時間，光圈的細節很快就會成為你的第二天性。

However, these aren't the only things that you need to know to take control of depth of field.

不過，要控制好景深，您需要知道的還不止這些。

Wider apertures make for shallower depth of field, but aperture is not the only thing that affects the depth of field in your image.

光圈越大，景深越淺，但光圈並不是影響影像景深的唯一因素。

Sensor size, the distance to your subject, and the size of the objects in the background of your image all have a bearing on how soft the background will go.

傳感器尺寸、與拍攝對象的距離以及影像背景中物體的大小都會影響背景的柔和程度。

Smaller sensors have inherently deeper depth of field than larger sensors.

與較大的傳感器相比，較小的傳感器具有更深的景深。

This has nothing to do with sensor technology, it's just a fact of the physics of optics.

這與傳感器技術無關，只是光學物理的一個事實。

Smaller pieces of film also have inherently deeper depth of field than larger pieces of  Here's a portrait shot with two different sized sensors.

較小的膠片也比較大的膠片具有更深的景深。

It's got a tiny smartphone camera sized sensor in it.

它有一個智能手機攝像頭大小的微型傳感器。

It has a fixed aperture, and it has a very particular focal length.

它有一個固定的光圈，焦距也很特別。

That is, it has a lens of a particular length.

也就是說，它有一個特定長度的鏡頭。

Here's a portrait shot from the same position with a Canon 5D Mark IV.

這是用佳能 5D Mark IV 在同一位置拍攝的人像照片。

It has a sensor that's the size of a 35mm piece of film.

它的傳感器大小相當於 35 毫米膠片。

That's dramatically larger than the sensor that's inside the iPhone.

這比 iPhone 內的傳感器大得多。

I set it to the same aperture, and I used a lens of equivalent length.

我將其設置為相同的光圈，並使用了同等長度的鏡頭。

In other words, pretty much everything is equal in these shots except for the sensor size.

換句話說，在這些照片中，除了傳感器的尺寸外，其他幾乎都是一樣的。

And as you can see, the iPhone produces much deeper depth of field than the SLR does.

正如你所看到的，iPhone 的景深要比單反相機深得多。

If you want the option to shoot with the shallowest depth of field possible, then you'll want to choose a camera with a bigger sensor.

如果您想使用最淺的景深進行拍攝，那麼您需要選擇傳感器更大的相機。

In general, though, any SLR or mirrorless camera, and even some high-end point-and-shoots, will be able to produce a nice defocused background if you know how to properly use them.

不過，一般來說，任何單反相機或無反光鏡相機，甚至一些高端的單反相機，只要掌握正確的使用方法，都能拍攝出漂亮的虛化背景。

Because of their tiny sensor, smartphone cameras will never be able to get that blurry background.

由於傳感器很小，智能手機相機永遠無法獲得模糊的背景。

These days, some cell phones have a special portrait mode which fakes the look of shallow depth of field by digitally blurring the background.

如今，一些手機有專門的人像模式，通過數字模糊背景來偽造淺景深的效果。

Sometimes that works, sometimes it doesn't work so well.

As you get physically closer to something, depth of field decreases.

當你越接近物體，景深就越小。