Name: 本週以色列發動襲擊後，敘利亞臨時總統為何閉口不談報復？ (Why Syria's Interim President is not talking retaliation after Israeli strikes this week | DW News)
Uploaded: 2025-07-19T19:07:51.000Z
Duration: 12 min 15 s

Syrian interim president Ahmed al-Sharaa has announced an immediate ceasefire in the Suwayda province after clashes between Syrian government forces and rival Bedouin and Druze fighters.

敘利亞臨時總統艾哈邁德-薩拉（Ahmed al-Sharaa）宣佈，在敘利亞政府軍與敵對的貝都因人和德魯茲戰士發生衝突後，蘇韋達省立即停火。

A war monitor says the death toll from a week of violence in the area south of Damascus has risen to 940 people.

一名戰爭監測員稱，大馬士革南部地區一週暴力事件造成的死亡人數已上升到 940 人。

Tens of thousands of people have been displaced.

For a week, blood and death have shrouded the southern city of Suwayda.

一週以來，鮮血和死亡籠罩著南部城市蘇韋達。

On Saturday, Syrian president Ahmed al-Sharaa announced a ceasefire.

週六，敘利亞總統艾哈邁德-薩拉宣佈停火。

We thank the tribes for their heroic position, but we call on them to fully commit to ceasing fire and complying with state orders.

我們感謝這些部落的英勇行為，但我們呼籲他們全面承諾停火併遵守國家命令。

And everyone must understand that this moment requires unity of ranks and complete cooperation in order to overcome what we are all going through.

每個人都必須明白，此時此刻需要團結一致，通力合作，才能戰勝我們正在經歷的一切。

Suwayda has been consumed by violence for days.

According to a war monitor, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, hundreds of people have been killed.

據戰爭監測機構敘利亞人權觀察站稱，已有數百人喪生。

The violence in Suwayda was triggered with attacks and kidnappings involving Sunni Muslim Bedouin tribes and armed groups from the Druze religious minority.

蘇韋達的暴力事件是由遜尼派穆斯林貝都因部落和德魯茲宗教少數派武裝團體參與的襲擊和綁架引發的。

Syrian government's intervention was seen as supportive of Bedouins.

敘利亞政府的干預被視為對貝都因人的支持。

Things became more complex when Israel carried out attacks in Damascus, saying it was acting to defend the Druze.

當以色列在大馬士革發動襲擊時，情況變得更加複雜，以色列聲稱自己的行動是為了保護德魯茲教徒。

Druze form a substantial minority community in Israel and the Golan Heights, which Israel captured from Syria in 1967.

德魯茲教徒在以色列和戈蘭高地（以色列於 1967 年從敘利亞奪取戈蘭高地）是一個人數眾多的少數民族社區。

On Friday, a U.S. envoy announced a ceasefire between Israel and Syria.

週五，美國特使宣佈以色列和敘利亞停火。

The Syrian leader has accused Israel of destabilizing his country and says Syria can protect its minorities.

敘利亞領導人指責以色列破壞了敘利亞的穩定，並表示敘利亞可以保護自己的少數民族。

The Syrian state is committed to protecting all minorities and holding all violators of ceasefire accountable.

敘利亞國家致力於保護所有少數民族，並追究所有違反停火者的責任。

For now, people who have lost their loved ones in violence are waiting to see if his words can stop the bloodshed.

目前，在暴力事件中失去親人的人們正拭目以待，看看他的話能否阻止流血事件。

So there are reports of clashes in Suwayda despite the ceasefire announcement.

是以，儘管宣佈了停火，但仍有關於蘇韋達發生衝突的報道。

Well, the situation on the ground, Pablo, is pretty obscure right now.

巴勃羅，當地的情況現在很不明朗。

As it is hoped that the ceasefire would take hold, we've heard from leaders of Bedouin groups that they do welcome the ceasefire and that they are willing to cooperate with government forces to make sure that it is enforced and that it does indeed take hold.

由於人們希望停火能夠實現，我們從貝都因人團體的領導人那裡聽說，他們確實歡迎停火，並願意與政府軍合作，以確保停火得到執行，並確實實現停火。

At the same time, it would not be unusual for there to be news of clashes still coming out of Suwayda, especially that shortly before the ceasefire was announced overnight, there had been reports of fresh clashes between Druze fighters and Bedouin fighters.

與此同時，蘇韋達仍有衝突消息傳出，這並不罕見，尤其是在一夜之間宣佈停火前不久，有報道稱德魯茲戰士與貝都因戰士之間發生了新的衝突。

And so it may just be the case that as the ceasefire agreement deal is in its early hours, these clashes are still ongoing.

是以，在停火協議簽署初期，這些衝突可能仍在繼續。

But it's still pretty early to tell if these clashes are indeed a violation of that ceasefire or simply phasing out of the clashes that started before it was announced this morning.

但是，現在要判斷這些衝突是否確實違反了停火協議，或者只是在今早宣佈停火協議之前開始的衝突的階段性結束，還為時尚早。

Now, Aya, earlier this week, Israel intervened saying it was on behalf of the Druze.

阿亞，本週早些時候，以色列進行了干預，說是代表德魯茲教徒。

Overnight, the US have declared a ceasefire between the Syrian government and Israel.

一夜之間，美國宣佈敘利亞政府與以色列停火。

So where does this leave the Druze minority?

那麼，德魯茲少數民族將何去何從？

Just to give our viewers a little bit of context, the Druze has been a term that has perhaps quite understandably been thrown out as we try to explain the story.

讓我們的觀眾瞭解一下背景，在我們試圖解釋這個故事時，"德魯茲 "這個詞被拋了出來，這也許是可以理解的。

But it's important to note that there isn't a unified Druze leadership even within Suwayda province.

但值得注意的是，即使在蘇韋達省內也沒有一個統一的德魯茲領導層。

And they certainly do not have any kind of consensus about Israel's role, what role Israel should play in this conflict.

對於以色列在這場衝突中應該扮演什麼角色，他們肯定沒有達成任何共識。

There have been Druze leaders that have welcomed and indeed asked for Israeli intervention, saying that it would be for their protection and their benefit.

一些德魯茲領導人歡迎並要求以色列進行干預，說這是為了保護他們，為他們謀福利。

But there have also been Druze spiritual leaders that have had pretty much quite the opposite opinion and have signaled their willingness to work with the government forces and to treat this as internal domestic security issues.

但也有一些德魯茲精神領袖的觀點與此截然相反，他們表示願意與政府軍合作，並將此視為國內安全問題。

And so, as the ceasefire develops, as we observe whether or whether or not it takes hold, there's going to be a lot of internal discussions, I'm sure, within the Druze community in Suwayda to try and see where they move forward also as a community.

是以，隨著停火協議的發展，隨著我們觀察停火協議是否生效，我相信蘇韋達的德魯茲社區內部一定會進行大量的討論，以確定他們作為一個社區的前進方向。

But it's important to remember that there isn't a unified, singular Druze leadership.

但重要的是要記住，德魯茲教派並沒有一個統一、單一的領導層。

They don't have a unified leadership across the region.

他們在整個地區沒有統一的上司。

And they also don't have a unified leadership even within this one province in Syria.

即使在敘利亞的這個省內，他們也沒有一個統一的領導層。

And they do disagree on the intervention of Israel within this conflict.

在以色列介入這場衝突的問題上，他們確實存在分歧。

What about the Syrian president, al-Sharar?

Does what we've seen in the past several days essentially lay bare the challenges that he faces?

我們在過去幾天裡看到的情況是否基本上暴露了他所面臨的挑戰？

Certainly, and the enforcement of the ceasefire, which was announced by the Syrian presidency just this morning, is a test for the extent to which Ahmad al-Sharar is in fact, indeed, in charge of the country, which has, you know, to remind our viewers, in December, gone through a massive political upheaval with the collapse of the Assad regime, with that bringing the end of decades long of the Assad dynasty rule, in which they ruled with an iron fist, in which they played minorities against each other, in which armed conflict between Syria's different groups was a part of, at the very least, the last decade or so.

當然，敘利亞總統府今天上午剛剛宣佈的停火協議的實施，是對艾哈邁德-沙拉爾在多大程度上真正掌管這個國家的一個考驗、幾十年來，阿薩德王朝鐵腕統治，少數民族之間互相殘殺，敘利亞不同團體之間的武裝衝突至少在過去十幾年中一直存在。

And as this new transitional government, we should always emphasise it's a transitional government, is trying to consolidate power, something like that ceasefire agreement will indeed show to what extent they are in charge and truly in power in a place like Syria.

在這個新的過渡政府--我們應該始終強調這是一個過渡政府--正試圖鞏固權力的時候，像停火協議這樣的東西確實會表明，在敘利亞這樣的地方，他們在多大程度上掌權和真正掌權。

很高興能得到你的見解，埃亞。

DW correspondent Eya Ibrahim, joining us from the Lebanese capital, Beirut.

DW記者埃亞-易卜拉欣（Eya Ibrahim）從黎巴嫩首都貝魯特發回的報道。

Well, for a further analysis on Syria, we're joined now by Darin Khalifa, senior advisor at the International Crisis Group in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

關於敘利亞的進一步分析，我們現在連線位於馬薩諸塞州劍橋市的國際危機組織高級顧問達林-哈利法（Darin Khalifa）。

Let's start with the ceasefire announcement, because President al-Sharar, or interim President al-Sharar, has called on all local tribes and parties to lay down their weapons.

讓我們從宣佈停火開始，因為沙拉爾總統或臨時總統沙拉爾呼籲所有當地部落和黨派放下武器。

Now, we're hearing, though, the fighting still continues in Sueda.

但我們聽說，蘇埃達的戰鬥仍在繼續。

What will it take to bring the local Druze and Bedouin forces to lay down arms?

怎樣才能讓當地的德魯茲和貝都因部隊放下武器？

I don't think a presidential announcement in and of itself is going to put an end to the violence.

我不認為總統的聲明本身就能結束暴力。

However, it will be, it is an important starting point here.

無論如何，這都是一個重要的起點。

The President came out very strongly asking everyone to lay down arms and to abide by the ceasefire.

總統強烈要求所有人放下武器，遵守停火。

However, I think, I mean, this episode of violence left this very fragile transition in a much worse place than where we were a week ago.

然而，我認為，我的意思是，這次暴力事件讓這個非常脆弱的過渡時期變得比一週前更糟糕。

It brought to the surface a lot of the boiling sectarian and geopolitical tensions that are really impacting the trajectory of the transition.

它使許多沸沸揚揚的教派和地緣政治緊張局勢浮出水面，而這些緊張局勢正在真正影響著過渡的軌跡。

So, there are structural problems that need to be addressed by Damascus at this point, including finding more permanent security solutions to chunks of the country that remain out of their control.

是以，大馬士革目前需要解決的是一些結構性問題，包括為該國仍不在其控制範圍內的大片地區找到更持久的安全解決方案。

And that, we still have not yet seen a clear plan by Damascus to how they are planning to address these problems.

而且，我們仍未看到大馬士革就如何解決這些問題制定明確的計劃。

I want to jump in there, actually, because with regards to the issue of security, because the interim president also said in a statement that all violators would be held accountable.

實際上，我想插一句，因為關於安全問題，臨時總統在一份聲明中也說，所有違規者都將被追究責任。

So, what's your take on al-Sharaa's words there?

那麼，你如何看待 al-Sharaa 的這段話？

Yeah, I think it's very important to see a level of accountability that has yet to manifest in this transition.

是的，我認為，看到在這一過渡時期尚未體現的問責水準是非常重要的。

We've seen last March that there were mass violations conducted against minority Alawite communities in which that left hundreds of civilians killed in the coastal parts of Syria.

我們看到，去年 3 月，敘利亞沿海地區發生了針對阿拉維派少數族群的大規模侵犯事件，造成數百名平民喪生。

There was an investigation, or there is an investigation into these crimes, but the results of the investigations have not yet been made public.

曾經或正在對這些罪行進行調查，但調查結果尚未公佈。

I think it's very important that Damascus starts making the findings of these investigations public.

我認為，大馬士革開始公佈這些調查結果非常重要。

They also need to become more transparent about what measures they're taking against their own people first, in terms of accountability.

在問責方面，他們也需要首先在對本國人民採取的措施上變得更加透明。

And I think that's the starting point to give the sense to the entire population in Syria that they are not tolerating sectarian violence.

我認為這是一個起點，可以讓敘利亞全體人民感覺到，他們不會容忍宗派暴力。

And I'm not arguing that they're not doing it, but I am arguing that they're not making it public, which is very problematic because people feel that this is gone unpunished.

我並不是說他們沒有這樣做，而是說他們沒有將其公之於眾，這很成問題，因為人們覺得這樣做沒有受到懲罰。

Let's talk about Israel and its involvement in the crisis.

讓我們談談以色列及其在危機中的參與。

I mean, I don't know if I would call it a strategy per se, but the tactics that Israel have been taking since the fall of Assad have been quite aggressive in terms of their military intervention.

我的意思是，我不知道這本身是否稱得上是一種戰略，但自阿薩德倒臺以來，以色列在軍事幹預方面一直採取相當激進的策略。

So just in the first few days of Assad falling, Israel moved in very quickly militarily.

是以，就在阿薩德倒臺的頭幾天，以色列就迅速採取了軍事行動。

They've obliterated most of Syria's military infrastructure.

他們摧毀了敘利亞大部分的軍事基礎設施。

They've occupied territories beyond the Golan Heights and beyond the 1974 disengagement agreement between Syria and Israel.

他們佔領的領土超出了戈蘭高地，也超出了敘利亞和以色列在 1974 年達成的脫離接觸協議。

They've started building their own military outposts over there.

他們已經開始在那裡建立自己的軍事前哨。

Initially, they said these are all temporary measures in order to maintain Israel's security or to address their perceived security concerns.

起初，他們說這些都是臨時措施，目的是維護以色列的安全或解決他們認為的安全問題。

But fast forward seven months later, it's becoming increasingly clear that these measures are anything but temporary.

但是，7 個月後的今天，人們越來越清楚地認識到，這些措施並不是臨時性的。

And they've also been striking in parts of Damascus, not just last week, but even before they struck near the presidential palace.

他們還襲擊了大馬士革的部分地區，不僅是上週，甚至在襲擊總統府附近之前就已經開始了。

And what Israel is arguing is that they're concerned about a weak central state in Syria in which jihadist groups, Iranian militias are running around constituting a threat to  But also what they're doing is indirectly contributing to weakening the state and weakening the authority and influence of Damascus in ways that are dangerous, not just for Israel, but for the entire region.

以色列的論點是，他們擔心敘利亞的中央政府軟弱無力，聖戰組織和伊朗民兵四處橫行，對以色列構成威脅，但他們的所作所為也間接削弱了國家，削弱了大馬士革的權威和影響力，這不僅對以色列，而且對整個地區都是危險的。

Doreen, can you shed some light on how the Jerusalem minority has viewed the events of the past few days?

多琳，你能否介紹一下耶路撒冷少數派是如何看待過去幾天發生的事件的？

Now, unfortunately, we only have about 45 seconds left.

現在，很不幸，我們只剩下 45 秒鐘了。

I think, I mean, the sectarian violence in Syria, not just among the, between Druze and Sunnis, they're very prevalent.

我認為，我的意思是，敘利亞的教派暴力，不只是德魯茲教派和遜尼派之間的暴力，非常普遍。

The problem here, I mean, there's several problems, obviously, but the Israeli intervention put a target on an entire community, portraying them as one that is leaning on foreign intervention and leaning on protection from a hostile, is incredibly worrying to me as an outsider observing this, because it puts a target on them.

這裡的問題，我的意思是，顯然有幾個問題，但以色列的干預把目標放在了整個社區上，把他們描繪成一個依賴外國干預、依賴來自敵對勢力保護的社區，這讓作為局外人的我感到非常擔憂，因為這把目標放在了他們身上。

And I think that really needs, that structural problem needs to be addressed.

我認為，這個結構性問題確實需要解決。

And President Charles' words about not putting the entire community in one basket and trying to address these problems politically, I think is the starting point here.

查爾斯總統曾說過，不要把整個社會都放在一個籃子裡，要努力從政治上解決這些問題，我認為這正是我們的出發點。

The starting point needs to begin in Damascus.

Doreen, we're going to have to leave it there.

多琳，我們必須把它留在那裡。

I have about another 15 or 20 questions I could ask you, but unfortunately we don't have time.

我還有 15 或 20 個問題可以問你，但很遺憾，我們沒有時間了。

Great to have your insights and your analysis today.

很高興今天能聽到您的見解和分析。

Doreen Khalifa from the International Crisis Group, joining us from Massachusetts.

來自國際危機組織的多琳-哈利法（Doreen Khalifa）正在馬薩諸塞州與我們連線。