Name: 「一夜之間」就能消除毒癮的致命藥物？！(This Deadly Drug Can Also Erase Addiction ‘Virtually Overnight’ | WSJ)
Uploaded: 2025-06-24T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 8 min 20 s

For decades, the opioid crisis has defied standard treatments.

幾十年來，鴉片類藥物危機一直與標準療法背道而馳。

But deep in the shadows of modern medicine lies a radical but effective alternative.

但在現代醫學的陰影深處，有一種激進而有效的替代方法。

程度副詞

Ibogaine is a powerful psychedelic often described as miraculous by those who've tried it because of its remarkable ability to erase years of addiction and the agony of withdrawal in just one harrowing session.

伊波加因是一種強效迷幻劑，嘗試過的人通常會用奇蹟來形容它，因為它具有非凡的能力，只需一次痛苦的治療，就能消除多年的毒癮和戒斷的痛苦。

But ibogaine remains illegal in the U.S. in part because it can be deadly.

但伊波加因在美國仍然是非法的，部分原因是它可能致命。

Despite the risks, thousands of desperate Americans addicted to opioids are crossing borders to find hope in the treatment.

儘管存在風險，但成千上萬絕望的鴉片類藥物成癮美國人正在跨越國界，在治療中尋找希望。

I'm going to die a slow, miserable death from doing drugs anyways.

無論如何，我都會因為吸毒而痛苦地慢慢死去。

So I would rather, whether it's a short or long life, live it not on drugs anymore.

所以，不管是短命還是長命，我都寧願不再吸毒。

Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive compound extracted from the root bark of a For centuries, it's been used in ceremonies in West Africa by followers of the Bwiti spiritual practice.

伊波加因是一種天然的精神活性化合物，從一種植物的根皮中提取。幾個世紀以來，在西非，布維提（Bwiti）精神信仰的追隨者一直在儀式中使用伊波加因。

Ibogaine's potential to treat opioid addiction was discovered by accident in 1962 when 19-year-old Howard Blotsoff, who was addicted to heroin, took the drug and found that it stopped both his cravings and withdrawals.

伊波加因治療鴉片類藥物成癮的潛力是 1962 年偶然發現的，當時 19 歲的霍華德-布洛特索夫對海洛因上癮，他服用伊波加因後發現，伊波加因能阻止他的渴求和戒斷。

Today, ibogaine is offered at a small but growing number of clinics around the world.

如今，世界各地提供伊波加因的診所數量不多，但在不斷增加。

Because ibogaine treatment exists largely outside mainstream medicine, the medical subculture surrounding it has been described as a vast, uncontrolled experiment.

由於伊波加因治療在很大程度上游離於主流醫學之外，圍繞著它的醫學亞文化被描述為一個巨大的、不受控制的實驗。

In the U.S., ibogaine is classified as a Schedule I narcotic, alongside heroin, with no accepted medical use.

在美國，伊波加因與海洛因一樣被列為一級麻醉品，沒有公認的醫療用途。

But in countries like Mexico and Brazil, clinics operate legally under varying regulations.

但在墨西哥和巴西等國，診所在不同的法規下合法營運。

One of the most prominent clinics, Ambio Life Sciences, is located in Tijuana, Mexico.

其中一家最著名的診所 Ambio Life Sciences 位於墨西哥的提華納。

When people call and they are really at their wit's end, ibogaine is generally the final option for a lot of people.

當人們打電話來，真的束手無策時，伊波加因通常是很多人的最後選擇。

So are we doing treatment, what, tomorrow?

Ambio offers medically supervised ibogaine treatments tailored to each patient.

Ambio 為每位患者提供醫學監督下的伊波加因治療。

One of those patients is Kyle DiDiMasso, a 35-year-old mechanic from California who's battled opioid addiction for two decades.

凱爾-迪迪馬索就是其中一位患者，他是一名來自加州的機械師，現年 35 歲，與鴉片類藥物成癮作鬥爭已有 20 年之久。

I'm assuming I can't remember much about my childhood because I've done drugs since I was 15 years old.

我想我已經記不清自己的童年了，因為我從 15 歲起就開始吸毒。

After high school, Kyle joined the Marines in hopes of turning his life around.

高中畢業後，凱爾加入了海軍陸戰隊，希望能改變自己的命運。

But once he returned, he started using again, and more heavily.

但他一回來，又開始吸毒，而且吸得更凶。

After multiple stints in rehab, Kyle decided to try ibogaine after hearing about its effects on a podcast.

在多次戒毒之後，凱爾在播客中聽說了伊波加因的功效，於是決定嘗試一下。

I'm not saying that ibogaine is going to cure me of my drug addiction, but it might give me a new chance to not do drugs again.

我不是說伊波加因能治好我的毒癮，但它可能會給我一個不再吸毒的新機會。

Before the ibogaine begins to work, Ambio's medical practitioners and staff held a short ceremony to honor the Bwiti tradition.

在伊波加因開始發揮作用之前，Ambio 的醫務人員和工作人員舉行了一個簡短的儀式，向布維蒂傳統致敬。

We really don't know how your future will be, but I'm pretty sure after this medicine, we're going to have a bunch of tools to take care of our life in a better way.

我們真的不知道你們的未來會怎樣，但我很確定，在這種藥物之後，我們會有很多工具來更好地照顧我們的生活。

During the treatment, Kyle was connected to a heart monitor and constantly watched by Ambio's medical staff.

在治療過程中，凱爾被連接到心臟監視器上，並由 Ambio 的醫護人員持續觀察。

He spent the next 10 hours lying on a mattress.

Patients often face hours of intense, sometimes traumatic visions while lying semi-paralyzed.

患者在半癱瘓狀態下，往往要面對數小時的強烈幻覺，有時甚至是創傷性幻覺。

Many vomit multiple times during the 10-12 hour trip.

許多人在 10-12 小時的旅途中多次嘔吐。

So it's almost like a lucid dream type state for some people.

對某些人來說，這幾乎就是一種清醒夢境。

You might see visions that make sense, visions that are meaningful, visions that help recontextualize past traumatic events.

你可能會看到有意義的幻象，有意義的幻象，有助於重新理解過去的創傷事件的幻象。

Sometimes the visions are just sheer chaos.

Opioid addiction is notoriously difficult to overcome.

鴉片類藥物成癮是出了名的難以克服。

There is something really fundamental about opioid dependence.

鴉片類藥物依賴性有其根本原因。

Dr. Kenneth Alper has been studying ibogaine for decades.

肯尼斯-阿爾珀博士研究伊波加因已有幾十年。

Opiates bind to and activate something called the opioid receptor.

鴉片類藥物與一種叫做鴉片受體的東西結合並激活這種受體。

And the opioid receptor adapts to this by becoming less sensitive.

鴉片受體會適應這種情況，變得不那麼敏感。

This is pharmacological tolerance, which means that larger and larger doses are needed to achieve the same effect.

這就是藥理耐受性，意味著需要越來越大的劑量才能達到同樣的效果。

And the development of tolerance also becomes the development of dependence.

產生耐受性也就產生了依賴性。

When someone is physically dependent on opiates and they stop using them abruptly, they go into withdrawal.

當一個人對鴉片製劑產生生理依賴並突然停止使用時，就會出現戒斷症狀。

And the symptoms of withdrawal are quite dramatic.

Nausea, anxiety, sweating, sleeplessness, muscle pains.

噁心、焦慮、出汗、失眠、肌肉疼痛。

It's a really grueling ordeal that they go through.

Today, the standard treatment for opioid addiction in the U.S. is opioid replacement therapy, which involves swapping an illegal opioid like heroin for an opioid medication that reduces withdrawal symptoms and cravings without producing the same high.

如今，美國治療鴉片類藥物成癮的標準療法是阿片類藥物替代療法，即把海洛因等非法鴉片類藥物換成鴉片類藥物，這種藥物可以減輕戒斷症狀和渴望，但不會產生同樣的興奮感。

But many people with opioid addiction, like Kyle, find them mediocre at best.

但許多像凱爾這樣的阿片類藥物成癮者認為，這些藥物充其量只能算得上是平庸之輩。

它們比任何東西都更能減少快樂。

Studies show that while current treatments for opioid addiction are effective in reducing harm, they are not very effective at getting off opioids.

研究表明，雖然目前治療鴉片類藥物成癮的方法能有效減少傷害，但對戒除鴉片類藥物卻不太有效。

Still, there is no question that medications like buprenorphine and methadone remain the best legal treatment option for opioid addiction in the U.S.

毫無疑問，丁丙諾啡和美沙酮等藥物仍然是美國治療鴉片類藥物成癮的最佳合法治療方案。

Conventional treatment has saved a lot of lives.

常規治療挽救了許多人的生命。

It is certainly more effective than no treatment.

There has never been a formal clinical trial with Ibogaine in the U.S.

美國從未對伊波加因進行過正式的臨床試驗。

The evidence we do have of Ibogaine's efficacy comes from small observational studies.

我們所掌握的伊波加因療效證據來自小型觀察研究。

A 2017 study found that 30 percent of participants reported never using opioids again following treatment.

2017 年的一項研究發現，30% 的參與者表示在接受治療後再也沒有使用過鴉片類藥物。

Another study reported 75 percent of patients stayed opioid free for a year after treatment.

另一項研究報告顯示，75% 的患者在治療後一年內都沒有再服用鴉片類藥物。

But it would be misleading to think of Ibogaine as a cure for opioid addiction.

但如果認為伊波加因是治療鴉片類藥物成癮的良藥，那就大錯特錯了。

What it is, is it's a powerful negative pattern interrupter, so powerful it can take somebody off of heroin virtually overnight.

它是一種強大的負面模式干擾器，其威力之大幾乎可以讓人一夜之間戒掉海洛因。

Scientists still don't understand exactly how Ibogaine works.

科學家仍不清楚伊波加因的確切作用原理。

Basically, Ibogaine is a is a new paradigm.

從根本上說，伊波加因是一種新模式。

Pharmacologically, I think it's one of the most interesting pharmacological paradigms of our generation.

在藥理學方面，我認為這是我們這一代最有趣的藥理學範式之一。

But Ibogaine isn't without risk, especially without proper screening and medical supervision.

但伊波加因並非沒有風險，尤其是在沒有適當檢查和醫療監督的情況下。

The biggest risk of Ibogaine use is death.

使用伊波加因的最大風險是死亡。

Ibogaine does have a cardiotoxicity issue.

伊波加因確實存在心臟毒性問題。

This is not something that you do recreationally.

對凱爾來說，這些風險都是值得的。

德州可以選擇幫助人們戒除毒癮。

A movement is also underway to make Ibogaine a legal treatment option in the U.S.

在美國，將伊波加因作為合法治療選擇的運動也在進行之中。

Ibogaine has significant therapeutic value.

伊波加因具有重要的治療價值。

Brian Hubbard led the initiative, which successfully lobbied Texas to fund clinical research into Ibogaine.

布萊恩-哈伯德上司了這項倡議，並成功遊說德州為伊波加因的臨床研究提供資金。

You have to create an incentive through governmental expenditure to foster the development of the therapeutic.

你必須通過政府支出創造一種激勵機制，促進療法的發展。

The Texas initiative will allocate millions in state funds to establish a public-private research partnership for the first ever Ibogaine clinical trials in the U.S.

德州的這項倡議將劃撥數百萬美元的州資金，用於建立公私研究合作伙伴關係，在美國首次開展伊波加因臨床試驗。

Texas is now leading the way in the United States for the evaluation of Ibogaine.

德州目前在美國伊波加因評估方面處於領先地位。

Today, Ibogaine treatment remains out of reach for most Americans addicted to opioids.

如今，對於大多數鴉片類藥物成癮的美國人來說，伊波加因治療仍然遙不可及。

Prices for treatment range widely depending on the provider, but typically they run from about $5,000 on the low end to about $15,000.

治療價格因醫療機構不同而有很大差異，但通常從低端的 5,000 美元到 15,000 美元不等。

The Wall Street Journal last spoke with Kyle about a month after his Ibogaine treatment.

《華爾街日報》最後一次採訪凱爾是在他接受伊波加因治療一個月之後。

It was definitely worth it because even though it has sucked, it was way, way easier than any other route.

這絕對是值得的，因為儘管它很糟糕，但它比任何其他路線都要簡單得多。

Kyle said his cravings disappeared immediately, but some withdrawals did linger weeks after his treatment.

凱爾說，他的渴望立即消失了，但有些戒斷症狀確實在治療後的幾周內揮之不去。

It's not something you can just like go and do and you're going to be fixed.

這不是你去做就能解決的問題。

Like you have to be ready to stop doing drugs for it to work.

就像你必須準備好戒毒才能起作用一樣。

你知道，這就是我當時的處境。

For people who battle addiction like Kyle and for a country desperate for solutions, Ibogaine may not offer a miracle, but a fighting chance.

對於像凱爾這樣與毒癮作鬥爭的人和急需解決方法的國家來說，伊波加因可能不會帶來奇蹟，但卻提供了一個戰鬥的機會。

我現在正沿著海岸線徒步旅行。

Tomorrow will be eight weeks since doing Ibogaine.

明天就是服用伊波加因八週的日子了。

Just the urge to do drugs all the time is gone.