Name: 情緒是如何產生的？建構情緒理論 (How Emotions Are Made: The Theory of Constructed Emotion)
Uploaded: 2025-06-17T18:22:42.000Z
Duration: 9 min 50 s

形容詞最高級

Hello everyone, and welcome to this episode of Simon's Book Club, where I talk about some of the biggest ideas in the best books on neuroscience, consciousness, communication, mindfulness, relationships, and all that good shi-

大家好，歡迎收看本期《西蒙讀書俱樂部》，在這裡我將和大家聊聊神經科學、意識、溝通、正念、人際關係等方面的好書中的一些重要觀點。

過去簡單式

Now, the last two books I did weren't very rooted in science.

現在，我做的最後兩本書並不是很紮根於科學。

動名詞

Bell Hooks' All About Love was a really beautiful book that asks us to question how we love, where we learned about it, and how the patterns we've learned aren't really serving us, which led to the next book I covered, which was Nonviolent Communication by Marshall Rosenberg, who teaches us a pattern that does serve us, a way to communicate that keeps us connected and empathetic, that could really get us to the kind of love that Bell

貝爾-胡克斯（Bell Hooks）的《關於愛的一切》（All About Love）是一本非常漂亮的書，它讓我們質疑我們是如何去愛的，我們是從哪裡學到愛的，以及我們所學到的愛的模式是如何不能真正為我們服務的，這就引出了我要講的下一本書，即馬歇爾-羅森伯格（Marshall Rosenberg）的《非暴力溝通》（Nonviolent Communication），他教我們一種真正為我們服務的模式，一種能讓我們保持聯繫和同理心的溝通方式，它能真正讓我們達到貝爾-胡克斯（Bell Hooks）所說的那種愛。

Now, the basic idea of nonviolent communication is that instead of talking about what's wrong with others by moralizing and judging and criticizing and comparing and blaming and shaming, we can instead stay connected and compassionate by talking about what's alive in us, by expressing our feelings and our needs.

現在，非暴力溝通的基本理念是，與其通過道德化、評判、責備、比較、指責和羞辱來談論他人的問題，不如通過談論我們內心的想法、表達我們的感受和需求來保持聯繫和同情心。

You might already know a basic idea of this from a long time ago, where we might have been taught in school to use I statements instead of you statements.

很久以前，學校可能就教過我們用 "我 "而不是 "你 "來表述。

Now, the closer we can get to those feelings in ourselves, and the further away we get from judgments of others, the more we can stay compassionate and connected and loving.

現在，我們越能接近自己的這些感受，越能遠離對他人的評判，就越能保持同情心、聯繫和愛。

And so I think it really makes sense to take a deep dive into these feelings, to understand them deeply and to know how to use them.

是以，我認為深入瞭解這些感受，深刻理解它們，並知道如何利用它們，才是真正有意義的。

It's healthy for us to eat a lot of vegetables, and it'd be really useful for us if we knew how to cook them instead of just ordering them on Uber Eats, right?

多吃蔬菜對我們的健康有益，如果我們知道如何烹飪蔬菜，而不只是在 Uber Eats 上點餐，那對我們來說真的很有用，不是嗎？

So this book we're getting into now will really help us in understanding how to express our feelings as it will really boil down what it actually means to feel something.

是以，我們現在要讀的這本書將真正幫助我們理解如何表達自己的感受，因為它將真正歸納出 "感受 "究竟意味著什麼。

What do emotions mean to bodies and how do our bodies make and process these emotions?

情緒對身體意味著什麼，我們的身體如何製造和處理這些情緒？

I think that the more that we understand this process, the easier it will be for us to connect with nonviolence and compassion.

我認為，我們對這一過程瞭解得越多，就越容易將非暴力和同情心聯繫起來。

Now, the first two books I mentioned weren't very scientifically rigorous.

現在，我提到的前兩本書在科學上並不嚴謹。

All About Love is more of a social commentary, and it's a very beautiful one at that.

關於愛的一切》更像是一部社會評論，而且是一部非常優美的社會評論。

And Nonviolent Communication hasn't really been that huge in academia yet.

非暴力溝通 "在學術界的影響力還沒有那麼大。

But this book here, though, by Lisa Feldman Barrett is about as academic as it gets.

但這本由麗莎-費爾德曼-巴雷特（Lisa Feldman Barrett）所著的書，卻是一本學術著作。

LFB, as I'm going to call it from now on, is among the top 1% of sighted scientists in the world.

從現在起，我就叫它 "LFB"，它是世界上視力最好的 1%科學家之一。

她是神經科學領域的勒布朗-詹姆斯。

She's a scientist that other scientists want to be when they grow up.

她是其他科學家長大後想成為的科學家。

If she had a jersey, I'd buy it and I'd ask her to sign it.

如果她有一件球衣，我會買下來，並請她簽名。

And look, I know that I don't hold a PhD in neuroscience.

聽著，我知道我不是神經科學博士。

All that I know about the brain and consciousness is from me standing on the shoulders of giants and trying to apply their research and their books to my life.

我對大腦和意識的所有了解，都是站在巨人的肩膀上，努力將他們的研究和著作應用到我的生活中。

So I can't get into a lab and conduct research and experiments by myself.

是以，我無法獨自進入實驗室進行研究和實驗。

And so I want to get my information from the books and the papers of the scientists who are doing that groundbreaking work, who are changing the way that we understand the world and who are the most distinguished and celebrated minds in their fields.

是以，我想從科學家們的著作和論文中獲取信息，他們正在進行開創性的工作，正在改變我們認識世界的方式，他們是各自領域中最傑出、最著名的人物。

I remember being blown away by a passage in the book where LFB and her crew were trying to answer a question about how the brain creates emotions.

我記得我被書中的一個段落震撼了，在這個段落中，LFB 和她的團隊試圖回答一個關於大腦如何產生情感的問題。

So my lab set out to settle the question of whether brain blobs are really emotion fingerprints once and for all.

是以，我的實驗室著手徹底解決大腦中的斑點是否真的是情感指紋的問題。

We examined every published neuroimaging study on anger, disgust, happiness, fear, and sadness and combined those that were usable statistically in a meta-analysis.

我們研究了所有已發表的關於憤怒、厭惡、快樂、恐懼和悲傷的神經影像學研究，並將統計上可用的研究結果進行了薈萃分析。

Altogether this comprised nearly 100 published studies involving nearly 1,300 test subjects across almost 20 years.

在近 20 年的時間裡，共發表了近 100 項研究，涉及近 1300 名受試者。

Now you can't hear the emphasis in the audio like it is in the text.

現在你在音頻中聽不到文字中的重點了。

They examined every published study on it.

他們研究了所有已發表的相關研究報告。

Have you ever tried reading these studies?

And LFB not only read all of these studies, then they did a huge study on all of those studies.

LFB 不僅閱讀了所有這些研究，還對所有這些研究進行了大量研究。

I'm kind of reminded of those, oh you love X, name every Y memes.

我想起了那些 "哦，你愛 X，請說出每一個 Y "的備忘錄。

Name every single band whose name starts with a B.

說出所有以 B 開頭的樂隊名稱。

Well Lisa Feldman Barrett lives that meme when it comes to the science of emotions.

在情感科學方面，麗莎-費爾德曼-巴雷特（Lisa Feldman Barrett）就是這樣的人。

If you listen to her talk on podcasts, she'll constantly bring up other scientists' papers, where those papers were published, and even the dates that they were published.

如果你聽她在播客上的演講，她會不斷提起其他科學家的論文，這些論文在哪裡發表，甚至發表的日期。

If you're into sports, it's like her knowing the advanced stat line of every player on the team.

如果你喜歡體育，這就像她知道隊裡每個球員的先進數據一樣。

Okay, enough fanboying for Lisa Feldman Barrett.

好了，對麗莎-費爾德曼-巴雷特的狂熱到此為止。

Now that I've gushed about her credentials, let me talk about some of the major, major ideas in this book.

既然我對她的資歷讚不絕口，那就讓我談談這本書中的一些重要觀點吧。

Now let's all take a deep breath here first, because I'm going to challenge a lot of the ideas that people hold dear.

現在，讓我們先在這裡做個深呼吸，因為我將挑戰人們所珍視的很多觀點。

You cannot read the emotions on someone's face alone, and you can never truly know what someone is thinking or feeling.

你無法從一個人的臉上讀出他的情緒，也無法真正瞭解一個人的想法和感受。

Any kind of emotion scanning software is over-promising junk science, as are a lot of tech startups, to be honest.

說實話，任何一種情緒掃描軟件都是過度承諾的垃圾科學，很多初創科技公司也是如此。

There's a lot of quantum bullshit out there, too.

Point is, stop watching Sherlock and feeding yourself with this idea that mind reading is possible.

重點是，別再看《神探夏洛克》了，別再給自己灌輸 "讀心術是可能的 "這種想法了。

When it comes to guessing what people are thinking or feeling, you are not as smart as you think you are.

說到猜測別人的想法或感受，你並沒有自己想象的那麼聰明。

There is no part of your brain which is responsible for happy or sad or angry or jealous, etc.

你的大腦中沒有負責快樂、悲傷、憤怒或嫉妒等的部分。

There is no emotional part of your brain.

This old idea of us having a reptile brain and then a mammal brain with our human prefrontal cortex, well, that's junk science now as well.

我們有爬行動物的大腦，然後有哺乳動物的大腦，再加上人類的前額葉皮層，這種古老的觀點現在也成了垃圾科學。

And any images you've seen of brain scans with brain blobs that light up when you feel a specific emotion, that's also junk science.

你所看到的大腦掃描影像中，當你感受到某種特定情緒時，大腦中的圓球會亮起來，這也是垃圾科學。

Emotions are taught to us from our families of origins and our culture.

情感是從我們的原生家庭和文化中傳授給我們的。

There is no essence of happiness that everyone feels.

沒有人人都能感受到的幸福本質。

There's no essence of anger that everyone feels.

每個人都會感到憤怒，但憤怒的本質並不存在。

What happy means to you, it doesn't mean to me.

快樂對你意味著什麼，對我來說並不意味著什麼。

And that's the same for sad, angry, disgusted, etc.

悲傷、憤怒、厭惡等情緒也是如此。

Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder and emotions are in the bodies of the beholders.

We don't feel the emotions that we haven't been taught to feel.

我們感受不到那些我們沒有被教導去感受的情緒。

Emotions are made up and they have different values in different cultures the way money is made up.

情感是編造出來的，在不同的文化中有著不同的價值，就像金錢是編造出來的一樣。

Now, these are just three of the myths in the book and there are many more that we could get into, but I don't want to spend this video talking about all the misconceptions that the book so thoroughly dismantles.

現在，這只是書中的三個神話，我們還可以深入探討更多的神話，但我不想在這段視頻中討論所有的誤解，因為這本書徹底打破了這些誤解。

The big argument here is one of essentialism versus construction.

這裡的主要爭論點是本質論與建構論。

In the old essentialist view, emotions have distinct essences of their own that are hard wired into our brains that all humans feel.

在舊的本質主義觀點中，情緒有其獨特的本質，是我們大腦中的硬連接，所有人類都能感受到。

There is a part of your brain that fires for happiness and a part of your brain that fires for fear.

在你的大腦中，快樂和恐懼各佔一部分。

This was the argument for emotional essentialism which was held for a long time.

這就是情感本質論的論點，這種論點曾被長期堅持。

Emotional essentialism is still being taught in intro to psychology books based on some very famous but very flawed experiments that are now only being recognized as flawed.

心理學入門書籍中仍在講授情感本質論，其依據是一些非常著名但漏洞百出的實驗，現在人們才認識到這些實驗漏洞百出。

Now, here's the constructionist view of emotion.

Instead of emotions being essential to us, they are constructed by us in many different ways, in many different parts of the body, in many different situations and contexts.

與其說情緒是我們的基本要素，不如說是我們在不同的環境和背景下，以不同的方式，在身體的不同部位構建出來的。

They are taught to us in many different situations, in many different cultures, and we don't always feel these emotions the same way.

我們在不同的環境、不同的文化中被灌輸了不同的情感，我們對這些情感的感受也不盡相同。

Sadness for me one day looks different than sadness for me on another day.

對我來說，某一天的悲傷和另一天的悲傷是不同的。

Now if that's hard to understand, an easy way to think of this is the nature versus nurture argument.

如果這很難理解，那麼一個簡單的方法就是 "天性與教養 "的爭論。

What's natural to us is the ability to feel emotions, but what's nurtured in us is what those emotions are.

我們與生俱來就有感受情感的能力，但我們所培養的情感是什麼。

It's natural to us to eat, for example, but what's nurtured is the kind of food we eat which varies across culture.

例如，吃是我們的天性，但我們吃的食物種類卻因文化而異。

Some people eat eggs and toast for breakfast.

Some people eat rice and eggs for breakfast.

I remember when I moved to South Korea how difficult it was for me to understand Korean breakfast and how much resistance I felt for the idea.

我還記得，當我搬到韓國時，我是多麼難以理解韓式早餐，也是多麼牴觸這種想法。

字幕列表影片播放

情緒是如何產生的？建構情緒理論 (How Emotions Are Made: The Theory of Constructed Emotion)

process

essential

insane

cortex