Name: Vlog #55 - 我們如何感知運動 (Vlog #55 - How We Sense Movement)
Uploaded: 2025-05-23T07:34:24.000Z
Duration: 5 min 11 s

I love superheroes, and I love good movies.

我喜歡超級英雄，也喜歡好看的電影。

Put those two things together, and I go fucking bananas.

把這兩件事放在一起，我他媽就會發瘋。

One of my favorite superhero movies is, of course, Sam Raimi's original Spider-Man, not only because it's brilliant storytelling, and it is, but because that movie really conveys the grace, the almost balletic movement of our hero through the New York City skyline.

我最喜歡的超級英雄電影之一當然是山姆-雷米（Sam Raimi）的原版《蜘蛛俠》，不僅因為它的故事精彩絕倫，而且因為這部電影真正傳達出了我們的英雄在紐約市天際線上穿行的優雅姿態和近乎芭蕾舞的動作。

What gives Spider-Man his agility is a combination of heightened reflexes and a precognitive spider sense.

蜘蛛俠的敏捷性是高度反應能力和蜘蛛預知能力的結合。

Add to that super strength and some handy webs, and you have the best time this side of Superman.

再加上超強的力量和靈巧的蜘蛛網，你就擁有了超人身邊最美好的時光。

Indeed, I've spent countless hours walking through cities, staring wistfully up at buildings as the other me, the Spider-Man me, swings here and there in deep parabolic arcs, twisting into triple flips, landing, I don't know, on the pole of some American flag atop the Empire State Building.

的確，我花了無數個小時在城市中漫步，翹首凝望著高樓大廈，而另一個我，蜘蛛俠的我，在這裡那裡擺動，劃出深深的拋物線弧線，扭轉成三週空翻，不知落在帝國大廈頂上的哪面美國國旗的旗杆上。

Though I've been known to loiter around the spider exhibit at the Natural History Museum, it's a real human tragedy that we don't get to have superpowers.

雖然我經常在自然歷史博物館的蜘蛛展區附近閒逛，但我們無法擁有超能力，這真是人類的悲劇。

I mean, the best we can do is free running.

我的意思是，我們能做的最好的事情就是自由奔跑。

And by we, I, of course, mean other people.

當然，我說的 "我們 "指的是其他人。

And yet, there are times when walking through the densely populated spaces of Manhattan that I've marveled at my ability to move through a crowd and not crash into every other person.

然而，在曼哈頓人口稠密的地方行走時，我有時也會驚歎於自己在人群中穿梭的能力，而不會撞到其他人。

Sometimes I can actually feel myself perceiving the speed and crisscrossing directionality of all the people in front of me.

有時，我真的能感覺到自己在感知前方所有人的速度和縱橫交錯的方向。

And when I get to the other side, I feel like a regular Han Solo.

當我到達另一邊時，我覺得自己就像一個普通的漢索羅。

Why aren't we a mess in airports or on street corners?

為什麼我們沒有在機場或街角狼狽不堪？

When we look out onto a moving crowd, what we're actually seeing, beyond busy people talking on their cell phones, is subtle increases and decreases in the intensity of light reflecting off objects.

當我們眺望流動的人群時，除了忙著打手機的人們，我們看到的其實是物體反射光強度的微妙增減。

When light intensity increases, an object is moving towards you, usually.

當光線強度增加時，物體通常會向你移動。

When it decreases, it's moving farther away.

當它減小時，它就會移動得更遠。

But the retina is also sensing directionality.

Neurons fire and encode as they sense edges moving over backgrounds in time.

神經元在感知到邊緣隨時間在背景上移動時，就會發射信號並進行編碼。

And we have separate groups of neurons dedicated to perceiving things moving left or right or clockwise or counterclockwise.

我們有單獨的神經元群，專門感知事物向左或向右或順時針或逆時針方向移動。

To perceive your own sense of directionality in action, fix your eyes on the center of this animation.

要感知自己的方向感，請將視線定格在動畫的中心。

What I'm about to show you is what's called the waterfall illusion or motion after effect.

接下來我要給大家展示的就是所謂的瀑布幻覺或運動後效果。

Stare at a waterfall for long enough, and the neuron group, coding its downward motion, will, for lack of a better term, get bored and adapt to make that the norm.

盯著瀑布看久了，神經元群在編碼其向下運動的過程中，由於缺乏更好的術語，就會感到厭倦，從而適應，使之成為常態。

Turn your head away to, say, a stationary rock, and the rock will seem to move upward in the opposite direction of the falls.

把頭轉向遠處，比如說，轉向一塊靜止的岩石，岩石似乎就會朝著瀑布的相反方向向上移動。

That's because the stationary thing, relative to the adapted normal, is actually up.

這是因為相對於適應的正常值，靜止的東西實際上是向上的。

Or instead of circles moving inward, this pattern may look like it's moving outward.

或者，這種模式看起來不是圓圈向內移動，而是向外移動。

Add to this, our eyes, on average separated by 6 centimeters, are remarkably accurate at triangulating an object as long as it's within 100 meters.

此外，我們的雙眼平均相距 6 釐米，只要物體在 100 米以內，我們就能非常準確地對其進行三角測量。

If it's beyond 100 meters, we have to rely on other tricks like perspective or motion parallax.

如果距離超過 100 米，我們就必須依靠其他技巧，比如透視或運動視差。

Taking all this information, the brain can calculate the velocity of a variety of moving things at once.

利用所有這些資訊，大腦可以同時計算出各種運動物體的速度。

The retina, which we should never forget is the only visible part of the brain, carries information via the optic nerve to the lateral geniculate nucleus and into the visual cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain.

我們千萬不要忘記，視網膜是大腦唯一可見的部分，它通過視神經將資訊傳遞到外側膝狀核，並進入大腦枕葉的視覺皮層。

From here, the data splinters down two paths.

從這裡開始，數據沿著兩條道路分裂。

The two-stream hypothesis, made famous by David Milner and Melvin Goodale in the early 90s, holds that some information goes down the ventral stream to the temporal lobe for object identification and recognition so that we can figure out what it is that we're looking at.

戴維-米爾納（David Milner）和梅爾文-古代爾（Melvin Goodale）在上世紀 90 年代初提出了著名的 "雙流假說"（Two-stream hypothesis），該假說認為，一些資訊會順著腹側流進入顳葉，用於識別和辨認物體，這樣我們就能知道自己在看什麼。

The rest goes down the dorsal stream to the parietal lobe, where we process the object's spatial location relative to the viewer.

其餘的會順著背側流進入頂葉，在那裡我們會處理物體相對於觀察者的空間位置。

In other words, there's two streams, one for what and one for where.

換句話說，有兩個流，一個是 "什麼 "流，一個是 "哪裡 "流。

What was merely color, edge, and brightness in the occipital lobe is a mapped spatial awareness by the time it reaches the parietal.

在枕葉中僅僅是顏色、邊緣和亮度，到了頂葉就變成了空間意識的映射。

Now, our knowledge of how we process movement is only as good as our working knowledge of the brain, a grasp which is, to say the least, incomplete.

現在，我們對如何處理運動的認識，只能與我們對大腦的工作認識相一致，而這種認識至少可以說是不完整的。

Better and finer technologies will give way to a better and finer understanding of the brain.

更好、更精細的技術將讓人們對大腦有更好、更精細的瞭解。

But really, understanding the brain is only a function of our desire to understand it or to treat certain kinds of brain damage.

但實際上，瞭解大腦只是我們希望瞭解它或治療某些腦損傷的一種功能。

What's incredible is that when functioning normally, we don't have to think about each and every complicated step from perception to cognition to action.

令人難以置信的是，在正常工作時，我們無需考慮從感知到認知再到行動的每一個複雜步驟。

We can, like certain heroic wall crawlers, navigate our environment with a natural grace and a kind of balletic dance with the fast and chaotic movement of everything else.

我們可以像某些英勇的爬牆虎一樣，以一種自然的優雅和一種芭蕾舞式的舞蹈在我們所處的環境中穿梭，與其他一切快速而混亂的運動融為一體。

Whatever life holds in store for me, I will never forget these words.

無論我的人生將如何發展，我都不會忘記這些話。

With great power comes great responsibility.

這是我的天賦，也是我的詛咒。