Name: 孤蜂簡介 (Introduction to Solitary Bees)
Uploaded: 2025-04-05T03:25:50.000Z
Duration: 5 min 19 s

Did you know that there are over 4,000 different bee species in North America?

您知道北美有 4,000 多種不同的蜜蜂嗎？

Most of these are gentle, solitary bees that nest in the ground or in tunnels.

這些蜜蜂大多性情溫和，獨來獨往，在地下或隧道中築巢。

And today we're going to talk to you a little bit about a very special group of native bees that include mason and leafcutter bees.

今天，我們將向大家介紹一種非常特殊的在地蜜蜂，其中包括泥瓦匠蜂和剪葉蜂。

Mason bees and leafcutter bees are just a couple of examples.

泥瓦匠蜂和剪葉蜂只是其中的幾個例子。

These easy-to-care-for bees provide an indispensable service to the local ecosystems through pollination.

這些易於照料的蜜蜂通過授粉為當地生態系統提供了不可或缺的服務。

Native to North America and from the family Megachilidae, these bees have an effective pollination rate of 95%.

這些蜜蜂原產於北美洲，屬於巨蜂科，有效授粉率高達 95%。

That means that 95 out of every 100 flowers each bee visits are pollinated properly to produce seeds and fruit.

這意味著，每隻蜜蜂所到之處的每 100 朵花中，有 95 朵能正常授粉，結出種子和果實。

European honeybees, though monumentally vital, have a 5% effective pollination rate.

歐洲蜜蜂雖然具有巨大的生命力，但其有效授粉率僅為 5%。

Honeybees and other bees in the family Apidae carry pollen back to their nests in specialized structures on their back legs, commonly referred to as pollen baskets.

蜜蜂和其他鱗翅目蜜蜂將花粉裝在後腿上的特殊結構（通常稱為花粉籃）中帶回巢穴。

Megachilid bees carry pollen back to their nests on their hairy bodies like Velcro.

巨手蜂用毛茸茸的身體把花粉帶回巢穴，就像魔術貼一樣。

Mason bees have these hairs all over their bodies, while leafcutter bees carry pollen on their underbellies.

泥松蜂全身都有這些絨毛，而啄葉蜂則在腹下攜帶花粉。

Pollen carried in this way is more likely to stick to the stigma of the next flower the bee lands on.

這樣攜帶的花粉更有可能粘附在蜜蜂下一朵花的柱頭上。

Along with this high quality of work comes an innate, steadfast determination and work ethic.

與高質量工作相伴的是與生俱來的堅定決心和職業道德。

This means females must assume the roles of both queen and worker.

這意味著雌蟲必須同時扮演蜂后和工蟻的角色。

Each female gathers nectar and pollen to feed her young.

每隻雌鳥都會採集花蜜和花粉餵養幼鳥。

After returning to the nesting tunnel, she will groom pollen off her body and form it into a sticky ball with nectar.

回到築巢通道後，它會把身上的花粉梳理下來，和花蜜一起形成一個黏黏的小球。

She will then lay an egg on the provisioned food and seal the compartment inside the tunnel with nesting material.

然後，它會在提供的食物上產卵，並用築巢材料密封隧道內的隔間。

She repeats this five to six times per tunnel.

她在每條隧道里重複這樣的工作五到六次。

Mason bees use mud to seal off the compartment, while leafcutter bees use cutouts of leaves or flower petals.

泥瓦匠蜂用泥巴封住隔間，而切葉蜂則用樹葉或花瓣的剪紙。

Leafcutter bees use their mandibles to cut circular pieces of plant material and carry it back to the nest.

切葉蜂用下顎切割圓形的植物材料，然後將其帶回巢穴。

The eggs hatch and larvae consume the pollen ball.

Then they pupate and emerge as adult bees in the following season.

然後它們化蛹，在下一個季節成為成蜂。

If weather permits, leafcutter bees can actually have multiple generations per season.

如果天氣允許，切葉蜂每季實際上可以繁殖多代。

Solitary tunnel nesting bees have a dormant stage during the winter.

獨居隧道巢蜂在冬季有一個休眠期。

For mason bees, this dormant phase is as an adult bee, enclosed within its cocoon.

對於泥瓦匠蜂來說，這個休眠期是作為一隻成蜂，被封閉在繭中。

Once temperatures warm to about 50 degrees, they are ready to chew through their cocoons, mate, and begin foraging for their young.

一旦氣溫回升到 50 華氏度左右，它們就可以破繭、交配並開始覓食。

Mason bees are most active during the spring, which makes them champions of fruit tree pollination.

泥瓦匠蜂在春季最為活躍，是果樹授粉的冠軍。

If you have apple, cherry, pear, peach, or nut trees, mason bees can greatly increase your yields.

如果您有蘋果樹、櫻桃樹、梨樹、桃樹或堅果樹，泥瓦匠蜜蜂可以大大提高您的產量。

They will also boost your berry production.

Leafcutter bees have a special overwintering stage called a pre-pupa.

剪葉蜂有一個特殊的越冬階段，叫做前蛹。

They don't fully pupate until spring begins.

直到春天來臨，它們才會完全化蛹。

Adult bees emerge much later in the season when temperatures exceed 70 degrees Fahrenheit.

當氣溫超過華氏 70 度時，成蜂會在更晚的季節出現。

Adults specialize in pollinating alfalfa and summer vegetables like squash and peas.

成蟲專門為紫花苜蓿和夏季蔬菜（如南瓜和豌豆）授粉。

The foraging radii for most solitary bees is around 300 feet or 90 meters from their nest.

大多數獨居蜜蜂的覓食半徑為距巢穴約 300 英尺或 90 米。

This means that they tend to nest only in areas with abundant blooms in a relatively immediate vicinity.

這意味著它們往往只在附近有大量花朵的地方築巢。

Both of these bee species can cohabitate the same house, but will be active during different parts of the season.

這兩種蜜蜂可以同居一室，但會在不同季節的不同時段活動。

They will also require different sized nesting holes.

Mason bees tend to do best with 8 millimeter tunnels, while most leafcutter bee species prefer 6 millimeter tunnels.

石匠蜂最喜歡 8 毫米的隧道，而大多數食葉蜂喜歡 6 毫米的隧道。

To maximize species richness and diversity, provide a wide assortment of tunnel sizes.

為了最大限度地增加物種的豐富性和多樣性，應提供各種規格的隧道。

It is also a good idea to provide your bees with landmarks interspersed with the tubes to help females locate their tunnel.

此外，最好在蜂管中穿插一些地標，幫助雌蜂找到它們的隧道。

這些蜜蜂是次要的隧道築巢者。

That means rather than making their own holes to nest in, they actually inhabit natural reeds or holes abandoned by other animals or bees.

這意味著，它們不是自己挖洞築巢，而是棲息在天然蘆葦或其他動物或蜜蜂遺棄的洞中。

For instance, an aggregation of mason bee nests moved into one of our top bar hives.

例如，一窩石匠蜂搬進了我們的一個頂欄蜂巢。

The females use leftover comb as their nesting tunnels.

雌鳥用吃剩的梳子作為築巢通道。

Once you begin this venture, your mason bee yields will increase year after year.

一旦開始這項事業，您的泥瓦匠蜜蜂產量就會逐年增加。

If you do not harvest and give away excess cocoons, or sell them to a mason bee buyback program, you will want to provide more nesting tunnels every year to support the increased population.

如果您不收穫和贈送多餘的蠶繭，或將它們賣給石匠蜂回購計劃，您就需要每年提供更多的築巢通道，以支持增加的種群。

These bees are resourceful and they'll nest in about any hole they come across.

這些蜜蜂足智多謀，它們會在遇到的任何洞中築巢。

If extra tunnels are not available, you may find they feel right at home in any nook, cranny, or crevice in your house exterior.

如果沒有額外的通道，您可能會發現它們在房屋外部的任何角落、縫隙或裂縫中都能找到家的感覺。

In most regions of North America, mason bee season begins between late February and early April, while leafcutter bee season begins in July to August.

在北美大部分地區，泥漿蜂的繁殖期從 2 月底到 4 月初，而切葉蜂的繁殖期則從 7 月到 8 月。

Check out weather patterns in your area to determine the best time to begin your gentlebee sanctuary.

查看您所在地區的天氣模式，以確定開始雲朵蜂保護區的最佳時間。

Stay tuned for our next video where we'll cover how to start your own native bee house and best care practices.

敬請關注我們的下一個視頻，我們將介紹如何建立自己的在地蜂房以及最佳護理方法。

And hit that subscribe button so you don't miss it.