who opened her first school for children of low-income workers in an apartment building in Rome in 1907.

是根據瑪莉亞蒙特梭利所制定的教育方法

The school was called “Casa dei Bambini”, Home for Children.

西元1907年，他在羅馬的公寓裡

This first “Casa” was furnished with a teachers table,

為低收入工人的孩子創立了第一所蒙特梭利學校

a stove, a blackboard, some chairs, group tables for the children

學校的名字是“Casa dei Bambini”

and a cabinet filled with materials that Montessori developed in her earlier career

即為義大利語的“兒童之家”

when she researched how to teach kids who experience some form of mental disability.

在這個兒童之家中

Maria Montessori created the materials after she realised

配有一張教師用的桌子

that students seem to understand complex concepts better when they engaged all their senses.

一個爐子

Activities at this first school included personal care (such as dressing and undressing),

一塊黑板

care of the environment like sweeping, dusting and gardening.

一些椅子

Otherwise they were free to move around and play with the materials.

幾組兒童用的桌椅

Montessori did not teach herself

和一個裝滿蒙特梭利女士研究物品的櫃子

but instead oversaw the classroom work of her teachers.

那是在她早期職涯研究中

Montessori observed that children showed episodes of deep concentration

用來教導和治療有缺陷孩子的教具或物品

and multiple repetitions of the same activity.

當她了解到孩子們

Given free choice,

能夠藉由專注而理解複雜的概念時

kids showed more interest in practical activities and the materials

就自製了這些教具幫助孩子

than normal toys, sweets or other rewards.

兒童之家的活動包含生活自理

Over time spontaneous self-discipline emerged.

如穿脫衣物

Montessori concluded that working independently

環境照護

children seemed to reach new levels of autonomy and become self-motivated learners.

如掃地和照顧植物

She began to see the role of the teacher as a facilitator of young human beings

除此之外

who are free to move and act within the limits of a prepared environment.

孩子們也可以自由走動和操作教具

The goal: to grow children to become independent and responsible adults who share a love for learning.

蒙特梭利女士並沒有親自教學

Soon after Montessori herself and her ideas started travelling the world

而是在教室中督導她的老師們

to inspired progressive thinkers and educators from all over.

蒙特梭利女士觀察到

The inventors, Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison, became early advocates.

孩子在重複的動作和活動中展現了高度的專注力

Later alumni include Jimmy Wales from Wikipedia,

給予孩子自由選擇的權力

author Gabriel Garcia Marquez

他們對於實際活動和教具的興趣

as well as the two Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin.

更甚於玩具、糖果和其他獎勵

Today the term “Montessori” stands more for a method, than a school itself.

自律能力也會隨著時間自發性地發展出來

The fact that it can be used freely by anyone led to a great variation of schools.

蒙特梭利女士的結論是

Educators all over the world borrow Montessori's name,

能夠獨立工作的孩子似乎可以更好的管理自己

insights and materials to organize kindergartens,

並成為能夠自我激勵、自我成長的學習者

elementary schools, special needs programs,

她發覺

or even full 12 year curriculums.

”導師”的角色

Some parents use it for homeschooling.

是在準備好的環境裡

The following characteristics are shared among most programs:

引導年幼人類具備生活能力和活動的能力

- Students are free to choose what to learn

目標是

- Open classrooms that allow free movement

培養孩子成為獨立和負責任的成年人

- Use of specialised Montessori materials

分享對學習的熱愛

- Mixed age classes (from 0-3, 3-6 or 6-12)

不久之後

so children can learn from each other

蒙特梭利女士和她的教育理念在全世界廣為流傳

- Uninterrupted blocks of study time, usually three hours

啟發了來自各地的發展學家和教育工作者

- No grading or homework

發明家Alexander Graham Bell

- and a trained teacher

和湯瑪士愛迪生是早期的倡導者

Maria Montessori once famously said:

後來的校友包括

“Never help a child with a task at which he feels he can succeed.”

創辦維基百科的Jimmy Wales

What are your thoughts on Montessori?

作家Gabriel Garcia Marquez

Please share your opinions in the comments below!

以及Google創辦人Larry Page和Sergey Brin