the Sagrada Familia. Many say that if you only have time to visit one site in Barcelona,

許多人說如果你的時間只夠拜訪巴塞隆納的一個景點

the Sagrada Familia should be it. When looking at the church, I think you can understand

那非聖家堂莫屬。看一眼這個教堂你就知道原因了。

why. Even though the church is still under construction, it has become a symbol for Barcelona

儘管這座教堂仍在興建中，她已經成為巴塞隆納和

and the Catalonian region. The initiative to build a new grand church

加泰隆尼亞地區的象徵。十九世紀中期書商兼聖兄弟會會長

came from the bookseller and chairman of the Holy Brotherhood, José Maria Bocabella, in

José Maria Bocabella，提議興建一座新的大教堂

the mid 19th century. The church would be devoted to the child Jesus, the Virgin Mary

教堂將獻予聖子耶穌、聖母馬利亞和聖人約瑟

and Saint Joseph, which is why the church is named "Sagrada Familia" -- "The Holy Family".

這是為什麼教堂名為「聖家堂」──神聖家族

The planning of the church began when the architect Francisco de Paula del Villar offered

建築師Francisco de Paula del Villar設計了教堂的整體結構後，聖家堂於是開始動工

to design the whole structure. He planned a more typical gothic church, but was later

他計畫興建一個非常典型的哥德式教堂，但是隨後

forced to resign from his job due to fundamental disagreements with the founder Bocabella.

他被迫辭職，因為他與提議者Bocabella的基本理念不合

A few months after del Villars resignation, a young architect by the name of Antonio Gaudi

在del Villars辭職的幾個月後，1883年，一個年輕的建築師，名為安東尼．高第

took over the work in 1883. What Gaudi didn't know at the time was that his new project

接手了教堂的興建。當時高第並沒有想到這個新設計案

would take up almost all his time and effort for the rest of his life. Once the construction

將幾乎耗費他此後一生的時間與精力。當時教堂開始興建後

phase started, he soon became obsessed with the project and set up an office on site which

不久他就被這設計案所著迷，並且在教堂工地設了辦公室

became his permanent residence. His plan was to build facades which would

並在當地長居。他想要建立數個立面

represent the birth, death, and resurrection of Christ. The church would have a total of

來代表基督耶穌的出生、死亡與復活。教堂總共有

eighteen towers symbolizing the twelve Apostles, the four Evangelists, and the Virgin Mary

18個塔，象徵12個使徒、4個福音傳播者和聖母馬利亞與聖子耶穌

and Christ. The one representing Christ would be the tallest and would stand 170 meters

代表耶穌的塔是最高的，有170公尺高

high, crowned by a large cross. The tower would be one meter less than the Montjuïc,

並冠以十字架。這個塔會比巴塞隆納市裡的蒙特惠奇山少一公尺

a hill in Barcelona, as Gaudi said he didn't want to suppress the work of God.

因為高第說他不想壓制到上帝的傑作

Gaudi devoted his last 15 years fully to the Sagrada Familia, until he by accident was

高第將他最後的15年完全奉獻給了聖家堂，直到他意外遇到車禍身亡

hit a tram which led to his death, a few days later in 1926, 74 years old. What made Gaudi's

當時是1926年他剛過完74歲生日後幾日。讓人興奮的是，高地的建築風格融入了

architectural style so exciting was his sense for shapes. Instead of designing buildings

他對形體的感悟。相較於設計有直線線條的建築

with straight lines, Gaudi worked much with loose vivid design. The Casa Mila and the

高第設計了更多不拘束、活潑的建築線條。米拉之家和

eastern façade of Sagrada Famila are perfect examples of this, which you will see later.

聖家堂的東立面即是如此完美展現。你稍後就會在影片中看到

Arguably, no other architect in history has ever had such an absolute influence on a city

安東尼．高第對巴塞隆納的影響前所未有，且毫無建築師可以媲美

as Antoni Gaudi has had on Barcelona. There are great works of his Modernist style all

這般對一座城市的影響力。巴塞隆納散落著許多高第的現代風格建築傑作

over the city but the greatest of all his works is of course what you have in front

但是最為鬼斧神工的當然就是正在你右前方的建築

of you right now. After Gaudi's death, work continued as planned.

在高第過世後，工程如常進行

However, with the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, work came to a halt and

然而，1936年西班牙內戰的爆發，使得教堂建設工程進入停滯

parts of Gaudi's models and plans were destroyed. The present design is based on reconstructed

且部分的高第的建築模型與設計稿被毀損了。現在的設計稿重建了遺失的高第設計方案

versions of the lost plans as well as on modern adaptations. Today, computer technology is

並融合了現代建築特色。如今，資訊工程被運用於

being used to pre-shape the stones off site, rather than shape them on site by hand. This

預先雕塑石材的形狀，而非到了教堂工地才徒手進行

has significantly affected the pace of the construction and it's now scheduled to be

這讓建設進度大幅提升，而現在教堂預計

completed around 2020-2030. Many believe the deadline is set to June 10th 2026, in honor

將會在2020-2030間完工。許多人相信期限會設在2026年6月10日

of the 100th anniversary of Gaudi's tragic death. On the subject of the extremely long

以紀念高第悲劇性逝世的第100周年。而談到教堂建造的漫漫長路，

construction period, Gaudi is said to have remarked "My client is not in a hurry."

聽說高第如此說到：「我的客戶並不著急。」

Now, let's talk some about the church itself. If there is something the church is full of,

現在，我們來說一些關於教堂本身的事。如果說有什麼在教堂裡是無處不在的

except enchanting beauty, its symbolism. Themes throughout the detailed decoration include

除了美麗與迷人外，就是符號象徵了。遍布在細部裝飾裡的各式主題包含了

words from the Christian liturgy. For example, the towers are decorated with words such as

基督禮拜儀式的文字。例如，塔上有著一些文字點綴，就像

"Hosanna", "Excelsis" and "Sanctus", but the most detailed parts of the church are the

「和散那」、「榮歸主頌」和「聖哉經」。不過教堂中最精細的部分在於

magnificent facades. When completed, the Church will have three

這些宏偉的立面。完成後，這教堂將有三個大立面：

grand façades: the Passion façade to the West, the Nativity façade to the East and

西側的受難立面、東側的誕生立面與

the Glory façade to the South. The latter is the one still under construction.

南側的榮耀立面。而最後一個立面目前還在興建中

The one you are standing in front right now, the Passion façade, also known as the Façade

現在在你的正前方的，正是受難立面，被視為展現耶穌

of the Suffering Way, is most known for its unorthodox sculptures. The façade is actually

受難之路的立面，其最著名的就是她的非正統雕塑風格。事實上，這個立面

designed by Gaudi during the time he suffered from a serious illness. The work was carried

是高第在飽受嚴重的病痛折磨時所設計的。此項雕刻工作隨後

out later in 1989 by the sculptor Josep Subirachs, based on Gaudi's drawings. As you can see,

在1989年由雕塑家Josep Subirachs根據高第的設計稿完成。就如你所看到的

the sculptor' style is, in contrast with Gaudi's, very much based around sharp edges.

這個雕塑家的風格明顯不同於高第，著重在鮮明的稜邊

The façade is based around telling the story of the suffering of Christ, showing different

此立面訴說著耶穌受難的故事；而精細的雕塑技法以S型的模式

stages of the suffering, with the help of sculptures, in an "S-shaped" pattern. Starting

來展現耶穌受難的各時期故事

on the first level, to the very far left of the entrance, you can see statues depicting

從入口左側最邊緣的第一階開始，你可以看到雕像描繪著

the last supper. The next step in the "S-shaped" story telling is to the left of the entrance,

最後的晚餐。第二部分的S型雕塑則是在入口左側

where you can see how Judas the betrayer is kissing Jesus.

你可以看到出賣耶穌的叛徒猶大正以吻為記

Behind them you can see a magic square, filled with different numbers. Before I tell you

雕像後側，你將看到一個幻方，裡面填著數字。在我告訴你

the square's secret, I want to give you a chance to find it out yourself. Can you solve

幻方的數字密碼之前，我想要讓你試著自己找到答案。你能

the riddle of the magic square? On the pillar in between the entrances you can find Jesus

解決幻方裡的謎題嗎？你可以在入口之間的支柱找到

tied and tormented. To the right you can see Peter's denial and to the far right Jesus

耶穌受縛於柱，正被折磨著。在右方可見彼得否認與耶穌的師徒關係

trial. Above the trial you can see the three Marys

而更右方是耶穌的試煉之路。其上是三位馬利亞，

and above the entrance, Golgotha; the place where Jesus was crucified. To the left you

入口上方為各各他山，耶穌基督被釘死之地。左側可見

can see a mounted solider, which depicts Longino -- the man who the legend has it pierced Jesus

一個羅馬騎兵，這是朗基努斯，傳說中他用長矛刺穿耶穌

side with a spear. Above him you can see soldiers gambling for

在騎兵之上描繪的是士兵們正在打賭誰能得到耶穌的衣物

Jesus clothes, and to the right of them, the crucifixion. The last sculptures to the far

他們的右方則是釘死於十字架的耶穌。在最右邊的雕塑

right shows the entombment of Christ. One little detail many people don't notice can

描寫著耶穌安放於墓。有一個許多人未注意到的小細節

be found far above the entrance, at the archway between the towers. If you look closely to

就在入口上方遠處，兩塔之間的拱道上

towards the right side, you can see a golden statue of the risen Christ. If you take a

如果你從右側近看，你會看到金色的耶穌復活雕像

look at the main doors, you will see that they are filled with words from the Bible

看一下主門，你將會看到門上遍布著不同語言中的聖經文字

in various languages, including Catalan.

包含加泰羅尼亞語。

.... You should now be standing in front of the magnificent Nativity Façade.

現在你應該正在站在雄偉的誕生立面前

This façade was built before work was interrupted by the civil war and

此立面是在西班牙內戰前，工程尚未中斷時建造的

bears the most direct Gaudi influence, as I mentioned earlier. It consists of four bell

所以如我先前說的，高第的想法完全直接影響了此立面的設計

towers and three large portals. From left to right you have the Portal of Hope, the

其上設有四個鐘塔與三個入口。從左到右分別是希望之門、

Portal of Charity and the Portal of Faith. If you look at the top of the portals, you

基督之愛門與信仰之門。你可以在這些大門的上方看到具象徵意義的石穴

can see that they symbolize grottos. In fact, throughout the whole Nativity Façade, there

事實上，在整個誕生立面中，明顯地有三個與自然相關的題材隨處可見

is a clear theme of nature, as many of the sculptures symbolize vegetation, people and

因為在許多雕像上你都可以看見象徵著植物、人與鳥的雕塑

birds. This is a celebration to the ever changing nature and to the creators of all forms of

這是為了頌揚變幻莫測的自然，以及所有生命形式的造物者

life. The leftmost portal, known as the Portal of

最左邊的入口，希望之門，

Hope, is covered in flora and fauna from the Nile. The portal shows the flight of the Holy

其上覆蓋著來自尼羅河的動植物圖騰。該門描繪了神聖家庭飛往埃及的情景

Family into Egypt and to the right you see the Herod murdering innocent children. The

而右方你可以看到希律王正在殺害無辜幼兒。

portal also displays some hope, in form of Joseph standing together with his son above

大門上亦可見約瑟與他的兒子並立，以此描述希望的到來

the doorway. In the top of the portal you can also see the marriage between Joseph and

在大門頂端你可以看到約瑟和馬利亞的婚禮場景

Mary. The rightmost Portal is known as the Portal

最右方的入口為信仰之門。

of Faith. The sculptures' surrounding the portal depicts the Sacred Heart of Jesus,

圍繞在門上的雕塑描繪著耶穌聖心、

the Holy Family in their house at Nazareth and the presentation of the baby Jesus in

住在拿撒勒家中的神聖家庭，和幼年耶穌在聖殿中聆聽講道的情景

the temple. In the very top you can see the Immaculate Conception, a Roman Catholic Dogma

在接近頂端處你可以看到聖母無染原罪的概念在此展現；此為羅馬天主教教義

which says that Virgin Mary is without any original sin.

闡述聖母馬利亞未曾受任何原罪的玷染。

Now finally let's talk some about the large center portal, the Portal of Charity.

最後，我們現在來說一些位於中間的基督之愛門的事

In the middle of this portal you'll find two doors, supported by a beautiful pillar. On

你會看到兩個通道在這個入口處，中間以華柱支撐

the lower part of the pillar, you can see a snake sinking its teeth into an apple, the

由此可見，柱子下半部有一條蛇，將長牙刺入蘋果

symbol of original sin, which is the reason Jesus came to earth. On the left side of the

象徵著原罪，這也是為何耶穌需降臨於世。兩門的左側

doors you can see the Three Kings, bringing their gifts to the newborn Jesus, and on the

有三個國王帶來他們的禮物給新生兒耶穌，另一側則是三位牧羊人

other side the Three Shepherds. Above the doors you can see sculptures representing

大門之上則有雕像刻畫著

the birth of Christ and at the top you can see how Jesus crowns the Virgin Mary Queen

耶穌的誕生，而在頂端則是耶穌為聖母馬利亞加冕。

of Heaven. Above that, closer to the very top, you see the letters "JHS" - an anagram

此場景的上方，接近最頂端的位置，你將看到字母「JHS」──

for Christ's name. The Portal of Charity is crowned with a large

這是耶穌名字的重組字。基督之愛門被冠以一棵巨大的生命之樹

tree of life. On the pinnacle of the tree stands a large red "T"; the last letter of

在樹冠頂點豎立著一個大T，這個字母讀音「tau」

the Hebrew alphabet which reads "tau", the initial of the name of God. On top of the

是希伯來字母表的最後一個，也是上帝名字的起首字母

T is a smaller X, which represents Christ. At the very top you can also see a white dove,

在T上還有個小X，代表基督。你可以在最頂端看到一隻白鴿

which represents the Holy Spirit. Thus, the three persons of the Holy Trinity are represented

代表著聖靈。如此，樹冠頂點的符號抽象地表現出三位一體的聖父、聖子、聖靈

at the top of the tree, symbolizing the creators of life.

象徵著生命創造者。

Between the tree portals you can see two massive pillars. If you look at the bottom of the

你可以看到在三個大門之間有兩個巨大的支柱。

pillars you will see that they are resting on turtles. Turtles have long been seen as

有烏龜停駐在這些支柱的底端。長久以來，烏龜被視為

a divine animal with connections to the heavens and the cosmos, known for their longevity.

連結天堂與宇宙的神獸，以長壽著名。

Half way up, the columns bear the inscriptions 'Joseph' and 'Mary'. The columns are crowned

柱的中段，刻著銘文「約瑟」和「馬利亞」。支柱頂端冠以棕櫚葉

with palms to symbolize triumph and the coming of a new light. In the old days, palm symbolized

象徵勝利和新曙光的到來。過去，棕櫚葉象徵

the martyr and his or her triumph over death. As you now know, the whole church is absolutely

殉教者與超越死亡的勝利。現在你知道，整個教堂裡隨處是符號象徵

full of symbolism. Giving all the details about all the symbols covering the church

如果要我告訴你這教堂裡所有的象徵意義的細節故事

would leave me talking for hours, so with this I'm going to let you do some exploring

我需要說上數個小時，因此我想讓你自己探險

and discover the rest of the symbolism yourself. I'm just going to explain one final thing

讓你自己發掘其中的意義。所以我就要來說明最後一個符號象徵

symbolism. Remember the Magic Square you could see on the Passion façade, behind Judas?

還記得我們曾在復活立面上看過的，耶穌後方的幻方嗎？

In case you haven't solved the riddle, the answer is that all the numbers added up to

假如你尚未解開幻方的謎，謎底在此：數字怎麼加，總和都是33

33; the age Jesus was when he died. Today, even though it's unfinished, the church

此為耶穌死亡時的年齡。現在即使聖家堂尚未完工

has become a top tourist attraction, not only in Barcelona, but in whole Spain. The visitors

她已經成為整個西班牙地區最重要的旅遊勝地，而不僅侷限於巴塞隆納區

are an important source of income as the project is not supported by any government or official

訪客是教堂很重要的收入，因為建設資金並不來自政府或官方

church sources. An estimate of more than two million people visits the site each year.

估計每年有超過兩百萬的人造訪此地