Name: 如何對一篇文章進行總結和批判性迴應？ (How to Summarize & Critically Respond to an Article)
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情態副詞

Critical reading is a crucial part of writing strong academic essays. Actually, active reading

程度副詞

and writing are very similar. In both situations, you learn by actively interacting with a text.

When you critically read, you are never a passive participant, but an active builder

of meaning. Enhancing your natural tendency to be critical and curious will make any text

Before you even read a single paragraph of your article, it is good to get out a pen,

highlighter, and to print out my Double Entry Log found in our learning module. The log

is divided up into 6 sections...you will remember these 6 elements from the lecture on the Rhetorical

Situation. Actually, analyzing the rhetorical situation is in many ways the same thing as

critical reading. Another wise thing to do before you actually read the essay is to look

at the title. Make predictions about what you think the article will discuss and connecting

to prior knowledge will help your critical analysis become more effective.

There are 2 parts to our critical reading. The first part is where you gather unbiased

evidence from the article. In your essay, you will use this unbiased evidence to construct

your summary, which will consist of your intro paragraph and body paragraph #1. Mark the

thesis and main points of your selected article. Identify important ideas. It's important to

read the article lightly the first time, making fewer marks. Then when you read it again,

you can layer in deeper identification of the author's ideas.

Identify the overall purpose of the author. Who is the author's audience? Identify any

parts that are confusing so you can re-read it later. In short, when you are reading the

article the first few times, read it as if you were an anthropologist...you want to simply

It is very important to remove any bias from your writing when you are conducting the summary

portion of the essay. Do not input any of your own opinions and bias. Students often

do this by accident by having a dreary or serious tone when summarizing a point with

which they disagree. Stay neutral here in this portion of the reading and note taking.

Once you have identified the author's main ideas from the article, its time to begin

questioning and analyzing the text. Analyzing a text means that you will break it apart

into pieces to find out how all the pieces relate to each other. As you read the author's

claims, do you feel like he is reaching you as a reader? You will want to identify why

he is or isn't convincing you. Consider any assumptions the author is making.

For example, "[I]f a college recruiter argues that the school is superior to most others

because its ratio of students to teachers is low, the unstated assumptions are (1) that

students there will get more attention, and (2) that more attention results in a better

education." Identifying assumptions like these help you identify weak points in the article.

In your essay, any time you give a critical response, you will want to support your response

with evidence. A nice pattern you can sometimes use is to 1) refer to the author by reminding

your reader of something you previously summarized from the intro or body paragraph one, 2) then

you should critically respond to it, and then 3) provide evidence from the article that

supports your critical response. It's nice to pick an element from our rhetorical

situation and use it to look at it your article through different glasses. For example, you

can look at the Thesis & Main Ideas. For the summary portion of the essay you would simply

identify main points and key passages. Then you can flip into your critical glasses to

identify assumptions, contradictions, and omitted arguments.

You can also look at the elements of language and style. In the summary portion of your

essay, you will simply identify the author's tone as casual, ironic preachy, humorous,

academic, and more. If the author uses a metaphor or image that you find significant, it is

good to share those with your reader in your essay.

But, when you flip into your critical glasses, you will interpret weather or not the tone

supported or distracted the author's message. Finally, one last example I'll give is of

the author's organization and evidence. When wearing your summary glasses, you can simply

identify how the article was organized and what kind of evidence is being used to prove

points. But then when you flip into your critical

glasses, you analyze if the organization was effective, if the evidence was too emotionally

charged or if it was bogged down by too much data and detail. You can even explain any

brief personal experiences that help prove your assertions towards the author.

Overall, as you read, you are decoding a message from the author. As a writer, you have the

responsibility to identify the author's message and actively question, reason with, and illuminate

the text. I hope this video helps you as you begin to

read and critically analyze your selected essay.