I've been making games online now for 10 years,

我從事線上遊戲製作十年了。

and my goal for the next decade

而我未來十年的目標

is to try to make it as easy

是試著讓

to save the world in real life

拯救現實世界

as it is to save the world in online games.

變得跟拯救線上遊戲的世界一樣簡單。

Now, I have a plan for this,

而現在，我有個計畫，

and it entails convincing more people,

這個計畫要說服更多人，

including all of you, to spend more time

連同在座的各位，花更多時間去

playing bigger and better games.

玩更大，更好的遊戲。

Right now we spend three billion hours a week

現在，我們每個禮拜共花三十億個鐘頭

playing online games.

在玩線上遊戲。

Some of you might be thinking,

你們可能有人在想，

"That's a lot of time to spend playing games.

「哇！花那麼多時間打電動？」

Maybe too much time, considering

這樣花太多時間在遊戲上了

how many urgent problems we have to solve in the real world."

現實生活中，還有很多我們得解決的急迫問題

But actually, according to my research

但事實上，根據我在

at The Institute For The Future,

"未來學會(The Institute For The Future)"所做的研究顯示

it's actually the opposite is true.

事實正好相反。

Three billion hours a week is not nearly enough

每週30億小時的遊戲時間還遠遠不夠

game play to solve the world's most urgent problems.

解決世上最急迫的問題。

In fact, I believe that if we want to survive

其實，我認為如果我們想

the next century on this planet,

在地球上熬過下個世紀，

we need to increase that total dramatically.

我們必須大幅增加我們玩遊戲的總時數。

I've calculated the total we need

我計算過我們需要的總時數

at 21 billion hours of game play every week.

是每週210億小時。

So, that's probably a bit of a counterintuitive idea,

所以，這其實跟我們一般認知有些相違背。

so I'll say it again, let it sink in:

好，讓我再說一次，大家體會一下。

If we want to solve problems like hunger,

如果我們想解決以下這些問題：飢餓、

poverty, climate change, global conflict, obesity,

貧困、全球暖化、國際衝突、肥胖問題，

I believe that we need to aspire

我堅信我們必須立志

to play games online

去玩線上遊戲...

for at least 21 billion hours a week,

至少每週210億小時，

by the end of the next decade. (Laughter)

限時十年內！

No. I'm serious. I am.

真的，我是認真的。

Here's why. This picture pretty much

告訴你為什麼。這張照片差不多

sums up why I think games are so essential

說明了為什麼我認為，遊戲對人類的未來

to the future survival of the human species. (Laughter) Truly.

是必需的。我說真的啦。

This is a portrait by a photographer named Phil Toledano.

這是攝影師Phil Toledano所拍攝的，

He wanted to capture the emotion of gaming,

他想捕捉人在玩遊戲時的情緒，

so he set up a camera in front of gamers while they were playing.

所以他在玩家面前架了個相機。

And this is a classic gaming emotion.

而這張照片就是個經典的玩家表情！

Now, if you're not a gamer,

如果你並非玩家

you might miss some of the nuance in this photo.

你可能會忽略這張照片一些細微之處。

You probably see the sense of urgency,

你看到的可能是迫切感、

a little bit of fear, but intense concentration,

有點害怕、卻又十分專注、

deep, deep focus on tackling a really difficult problem.

正專心地解決某個相當棘手的問題。

If you are a gamer, you will notice

但如果你是玩家，你就會發現

a few nuances here: the crinkle of the eyes up, and around the mouth

一些細微之處，像是眼睛和嘴角

is a sign of optimism,

因為樂觀而上揚、

and the eyebrows up is surprise.

挑起的眉毛表示感到驚喜...

This is a gamer who is on the verge of something called

這個玩家正接近所謂的...

an epic win.

史詩級的勝利(epic win)

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Oh, you've heard of that. OK, good,

噢！你們聽過嘛！那很好

so we have some gamers among us.

看來這裡有些人也是玩家。

An epic win is an outcome

史詩級的勝利

that is so extraordinarily positive

極度振奮人心！

you had no idea it was even possible until you achieved it.

在你成功之前，你根本沒想過這一切是有可能的。

It was almost beyond the threshold of imagination.

幾乎就是想都不敢想。

And when you get there you are shocked

但一旦你成功之後你就會發現

to discover what you are truly capable of. That is an epic win.

原來你還真的有如此的神技，這就是史詩級的勝利！

This is a gamer on the verge of an epic win.

這個玩家就快要得到史詩級的勝利了

And this is the face that we need to see

同時這也是下個世紀

on millions of problem-solvers all over the world

在處理全球許多問題時，我們想看到的表情

as we try to tackle the obstacles of the next century --

在排除障礙時流露的表情。

the face of someone who, against all odds

這張臉就是辛苦排除萬難

is on the verge of an epic win.

即將獲得史詩勝利的表情。

Now, unfortunately this is more of the face that we see

現在，不幸的是，當我們處理日常生活中，

in everyday life now as we try to tackle urgent problems.

各種緊急事件的時，我們往往看到的是這表情

This is what I call the "I'm Not Good At Life" face,

我稱這表情為“不擅長生活”的表情

and this is actually me making it. Can you see? Yes. Good.

表情事實上是我擺的，看的出來嗎？好的

This is actually me making the "I'm Not Good At Life" face.

這就是我做出的“不擅長生活”表情

This is a piece of graffiti in my old neighborhood

這也是我在加州柏克萊一個老社區

in Berkeley, California, where I did my PhD

進修我的博士學位時的一個塗鴉

on why we're better in games than we are in real life.

我研究“為什麼我們在虛擬遊戲世界中的表現比現實世界更好”

And this is a problem that a lot of gamers have.

同時這也是很多玩家的問題

We feel that we are not as good in reality as we are in games.

我們覺得自己在現實的表現無法像在遊戲中一樣好

And I don't mean just good as in successful,

我指的好，不完全等於成功

although that's part of it.

不過成功的確包含在內

We do achieve more in game worlds. But I also

我們確實在遊戲世界中達成更多任務

mean good as in

但我指的好，還包含

motivated to do something that matters,

去做要緊事情的内在動力、

inspired to collaborate and to cooperate.

激起與相互合作的靈感。

And when we're in game worlds

當我們處於遊戲世界時

I believe that many of us become

我認為，我們大多數人

the best version of ourselves, the most likely to help at a moment's notice,

可以做"最好的自己"，如果有人遇難，我們就會義無反顧的去幫忙

the most likely to stick with a problem

並且會持之以恆的解决一個問題

as long at it takes, to get up after failure and try again.

面對挫折我們會勇敢的站起来，並繼續奮鬥

And in real life, when we face failure,

但在現實生活中，當我們面對失敗時

when we confront obstacles, we often don't feel that way.

當我們遇到阻礙時，我們往往並不會這麼勇敢

We feel overcome,

我們會覺得挫敗

we feel overwhelmed,

會覺得很沉重

we feel anxious, maybe depressed, frustrated or cynical.

我們會焦慮、沮喪、灰心或者憤世嫉俗

We never have those feelings when we're playing games,

這種感受跟遊戲時很不相同

they just don't exist in games.

遊戲時這些感受不存在

So, that's what I wanted to study

這就是我當研究生時

when I was a graduate student.

所想研究的東西

What about games makes it impossible

到底為什麼，遊戲讓我們覺得

to feel that we can't achieve everything?

沒有事情是辦不到的呢？

How can we take those feelings from games

我們要怎麼把遊戲時的這種感覺

and apply them to real-world work?

應用到現實工作生活中？

So, I looked at games like World of Warcraft,

因此，我研究了一些類似《魔獸世界》的遊戲

which is really the ideal collaborative problem-solving environment.

它們才是理想的，解决合作問題的平台

And I started to notice a few things

我注意到為什麼

that make epic wins so possible in online worlds.

史詩般的勝利，在線上遊戲中這麼容易達到

So, the first thing is whenever you show up in one of these online games,

第一，不論你什麼時候上線玩遊戲

especially in World of Warcraft,

尤其是《魔獸世界》

there are lots and lots of different characters

遊戲裡有很多不同的角色

who are willing to trust you with a world-saving mission, right away.

他們願意信任你，立刻交付你拯救世界的任務

But not just any mission, it's a mission that is perfectly matched

但並不是隨便的任務，而是

with your current level in the game. Right?

會依照你的等級，交付你任務，沒錯吧？

So, you can do it.

因此，你有能力做到的

They never give you a challenge that you can't achieve.

他們不會分派一個你做不到的任務給你

But it is on the verge of what you're capable of. So, you have to try hard,

但快要完成這任務的最後時刻，你一定得竭盡全力

but there's no unemployment in World of Warcraft.

在魔獸世界裡，每個人都有職業

There is no sitting around wringing your hands,

沒有人坐在那發呆

there's always something specific and important to be done.

總是會有些特别且重要的任務要完成

And there are also tons of collaborators.

而且許多任務都要大家的合作

Everywhere you go, hundreds of thousands of people

不論到哪哩，都會有成千上萬人

ready to work with you

等著和你合作

to achieve your epic mission.

幫助你完成史詩級的任務

That's not something that we have in real life that easily,

現實生活就沒這麼簡單了

this sense that at our fingertips

這種指尖上的成就感

are tons of collaborators.

隨便招呼就有人幫忙的感覺

And also there is this epic story, this inspiring story

遊戲中也有史詩般、鼓舞人心的故事劇情，

of why we're there, and what we're doing.

告訴我們為何而來、為何而戰

And then we get all this positive feedback.

得到的都是正面的評價

You guys have heard of leveling up and plus-one strength,

你們一定聽過，升等之後，力量＋１

and plus-one intelligence.

智力也會＋１

We don't get that kind of constant feedback in real life.

現實生活中就沒有這種立即回饋

When I get off this stage I'm not going to have

當我走下講台，我才不會有

plus-one speaking, and plus-one crazy idea,

演講力＋１、瘋狂點子＋１、

plus-20 crazy idea.

甚至到＋２０的回饋

I don't get that feedback in real life.

現實生活中沒有任何獎勵

Now, the problem with collaborative online environments

像《魔獸世界》這種網路遊戲

like World of Warcraft

最令人滿足的

is that it's so satisfying

就是能與他人合作

to be on the verge of an epic win all the time

一起獲得史詩般的勝利

that we decide to spend all our time in these game worlds.

也是為什麼我們會花這麼多時間玩遊戲

It's just better than reality.

因為它比現實感受更好

So, so far, collectively all the World of Warcraft gamers

目前為止，《魔獸世界》的玩家總共花費了

have spent 5.93 million years

593萬年的時間

solving the virtual problems of Azeroth.

去解决艾澤拉斯裡的各種虛擬問題

Now, that's not necessarily a bad thing.

這不是件壞事

It might sound like it's a bad thing.

雖然聽起來很糟

But to put that in context:

但你要想想

5.93 million years ago

593萬年前

was when our earliest primate human ancestors stood up.

我們的靈長類祖先開始直立行走

That was the first upright primate.

成為第一種直立行走的靈長類動物

Okay, so when we talk about how much time we're currently investing

所以，當我們講到花了多少時間

in playing games, the only way it makes sense

玩電玩的時候，只要理性想想

to even think about it is to talk about time

在人類進化過程中

at the magnitude of human evolution,

我們所花費的時間有多少

which is an extraordinary thing.

相比之下是多麼可觀

But it's also apt. Because it turns out

卻也合理，因為你會發現

that by spending all this time playing games,

我們花這麼多時間玩遊戲

we're actually changing what we

反而漸漸改變了

are capable of as human beings.

我們身為人類的能力

We are evolving to be a more collaborative and hearty species.

我們不斷進化成更能合作，更友好的物種

This is true. I believe this.

這是真的，我如此深信

So, consider this really interesting statistic;

看看這個有趣的數據

it was recently published by a researcher at Carnegie Mellon University:

是卡內基美隆大學一個研究員出版的

The average young person today

在一個線上遊戲盛行的國家

in a country with a strong gamer culture

現今平均一個年輕人

will have spent 10,000 hours playing online games

在21歲以前，玩線上遊戲的時間

by the age of 21.

會是一萬小時

Now 10,000 hours is a really

現在，一萬小時這數字

interesting number for two reasons.

很有趣是因為兩個原因

First of all, for children in the United States

首先，美國的兒童

10,080 hours is the exact amount of time

從五年級到高中畢業

you will spend in school

一個人將會花

from fifth grade to high school graduation

10080小時在學校上課

if you have perfect attendance.

前提是不翹課的話啦

So, we have an entire

所以我們有了

parallel track of education going on

平行追蹤教育的數據

where young people are learning as much about

年輕人學著當個好玩家

what it takes to be a good gamer

所花的時間

as they are learning about everything else in school.

和他們在學校學習的時數是相同的

And some of you have probably read

你們有些人也許讀過

Malcolm Gladwell's new book "Outliers."

Malcom Gladwell 的新書《局外人》

So, you would have heard of his theory of success,

你們聽過他對於成功的見解

the 10,000 hour theory of success.

一萬小時的成功理論

It's based on this great cognitive science research

這理論是基於認知科學的研究：

that if we can master 10,000 hours

如果我們在21歲前花一萬小時

of effortful study at anything

專心的學習、專心做任何事，

by the age of 21, we will be virtuosos at it.

那麼我們便能在該領域獲得極大成就

We will be as good at whatever we do

不管是哪個領域，

as the greatest people in the world.

我們都能成為世界頂尖

And so, now what we're looking at

所以，我們正面對的是

is an entire generation of young people

一整代年輕的

who are virtuoso gamers.

頂尖玩家們

So, the big question is,

最大的問題就是

"What exactly are gamers getting so good at?"

「玩家們擅長的到底是什麼？」

Because if we could figure that out,

如果我們能找出這答案

we would have a virtually unprecedented

就可以找出真正史無前例的

human resource on our hands.

人力資源

This is how many people we now have in the world

這些是目前世界上

who spend at least an hour a day playing online games.

每天至少花一小時玩線上遊戲的玩家

These are our virtuoso gamers,

他們都是頂尖玩家

500 million people who are extraordinarily good at something.

共五億人都擅長於某件事情

And in the next decade

在接下來的十年裡

we're going to have another billion gamers

會有另外十億玩家

who are extraordinarily good at whatever that is.

都擅長於另一個領域

If you don't know it already, this is coming.

如果你還不知道，我告訴你，這正發生著

The game industry is developing consoles

遊戲產業一直在不停的發展

that are low energy and that work with the wireless phone networks

低耗源、無線的手機網路，

instead of broadband Internet

都取代了以往頻寬的網路介面

so that gamers all over the world,

讓全球的玩家，

particularly in India, China, Brazil, can get online.

尤其來自印度、中國、巴西的玩家們，可以一起玩

They expect one billion more gamers in the next decade.

預測接下來十年裡，會多出十億玩家

It will bring us up to 1.5 billion gamers.

加上原本的五億，將達到15億玩家的數量

So, I've started to think about what these games

所以我開始思考，到底什麼原因

are making us virtuosos at.

讓我們對遊戲這麼擅長

Here are the four things I came up with. The first is urgent optimism.

我想到四個方面。首先就是無比的樂觀

OK, think of this as extreme self-motivation.

把它想像成是極端的自我激勵

Urgent optimism is the desire to act immediately

無比的樂觀就是

to tackle an obstacle,

立刻解決阻礙的慾望

combined with the belief

加上想取得成功

that we have a reasonable hope of success.

所持有的信念

Gamers always believe that an epic win is possible,

玩家們都相信，史詩般的勝利是辦得到的

and that it is always worth trying, and trying now.

而且值得不斷嘗試

Gamers don't sit around.

玩家並不是閒坐在那

Gamers are virtuosos at weaving a tight social fabric.

他們很擅長組織緊密的社會連結

There's a lot of interesting research that shows

一項有趣的調查顯示

that we like people better after we play a game with them,

我們會更喜歡那些一起玩過遊戲的人

even if they've beaten us badly.

即使他們把我們打敗的很慘

And the reason is, it takes a lot of trust

原因就是，在遊戲過程中

to play a game with someone.

我們對彼此累積了信任

We trust that they will spend their time with us,

原因是，我們都花費相同的時間、

that they will play by the same rules,

遵守同樣的規則、

value the same goal, they'll stay with the game until it's over.

擁有共同的目標，並肩作戰直到遊戲結束

And so, playing a game together actually builds up

因此，一起參與遊戲是可以建立

bonds and trust and cooperation.

默契、信任和合作的

And we actually build stronger social relationships as a result.