Which of these two exercises is easier for you? Let me go through them with you.

（白板上）這兩種練習，你覺得哪一種比較簡單？讓我們一起來看這道題目。

"Chaos means __________." Something. Fill in the blank. Okay?

「 混亂的意思是__________。」把答案填入空白處，了解？

In otherwords, they're asking you here: the word "chaos" means what?

換句話說，這問題是在問你：這個單字「混亂 」是什麼意思？

Or second question:

第二個問題是：

"Chaos means a) sadness b) disorder c) illness". Okay?

「混亂的意思是 a) 悲傷 b) 混亂 c) 生病。 」了解？

Think about that for a second.

好好想一下。

So, which of these two questions was easier for you? Okay?

你覺得這兩個問題，哪一個比較簡單呢？

If you're like most students, you will probably say that this question was easier for you, because you had a choice of something.

想好了嗎？假如你和大多數學生想得一樣，應該就會說這個問題（指第二個）比較簡單，因為你可以有選擇。

And here, you actually had to think of the answer. All right?

而這個問題（指第一個），你則必須去想出答案來。對吧？

So, let me explain why that is the case.

讓我來解釋為何情況是這樣的。

Here, in the fill-in-the-blank question, you were asked to remember the answer.

關於這道填空問題，你被要求去記住答案。

When you're trying to remember a word, you're using your active vocabulary.

當你努力去記住一個單字時，你正在使用你的積極（應用）字彙。

In English, like any other language, you have two kinds of skills.

就英語來說，就和其他語言一樣，你有兩種技能。

We have productive skills and receptive skills.

我們有輸出性技能和接受性技能。

Productive skills are what we use when we are speaking and writing, because when we speak and write, we have to remember words in order to do that. Right?

輸出性技能是我們在說話和寫作時會使用得到，因為當我們說話和寫作時，我們必須要記得很多單字，才能辦法說得出來和寫得出來，對吧？

And receptive skills are what you use when you're reading or listening, because when you do either of these activities, you just have to recognize the word, so you have to recall what they mean, but you don't have to think of them by yourself.

而接受性技能是當你在閱讀或聆聽時會使用得到，因為不論你是在做哪一種活動，你只需要辬認出單字，就能想起它們是什麼意思，但你不需要自己想起單字，

You just have to recognize them.

你只需要辬認出它們就行了。

So the vocabulary that's involved here on this side is your passive vocabulary of being able to recognize things.

在這邊（閱讀和聆聽）的字彙是你的消極（認知）字彙，能夠幫你辬認出單字來。

The vocabulary that's demanded here for speaking and writing is your active vocabulary, which you need when you're doing these activities and which you needed here in the fill-in-the-blank answer. Okay?

而說話和寫作這裡需要的是你的積極（應用）字彙，是當你在做這兩種活動時，還有像是把答案填入空白處時會需要用到。了解嗎？

So, this is true not only in English; it's true in every language.

這情況不只發生在英語上，對其他語言來說也是一樣。

You have a productive... You have productive skills and receptive skills.

你擁有輸出性和接受性兩種技能。

You have an active vocabulary and a passive vocabulary.

你擁有積極（應用）和消極（認知）兩種字彙。

And, in all languages, people's passive vocabulary is always much, much larger than their active vocabulary.

而在所有語言中，大家擁有的消極（認知）字彙總是比積極（應用）字彙來得多很多。

That's why you can read hundreds of books and understand thousands and thousands of words, but you may not actually use those words yourself, even in your own language and certainly in English.

那就是為什麼你能夠閱讀大量的書籍，看得懂得成千百個單字，但即使是你自己的母語，你也許從來沒有使用過那些單字，更別提是用英語了。

So, next, I'll explain to you how to develop this active vocabulary.

接下來，我要解釋如何發展積極（應用）字彙。

So there are many ways to improve your active vocabulary.

有很多可以改善積極（應用）字彙的方法。

Today I'm going to show you one way. All right?

今天我要來跟你分享其中一個方式，好嗎？

So, what I've done is written a lot of vocabulary on the board, and what I'd like you to do is to take a theme, a vocabulary theme. What do I mean by a vocabulary theme?

我在這裡白板上已經寫下了許多字彙，我要你選一個主題，一個字彙主題。我所指的字彙主題是什麼意思呢？

I mean an area, such as here, I've taken education, here I've taken religion, and here I've taken business or work. All right?

我指的是一塊區域，像是這裡，我選擇了教育，這裡我選了宗教信仰，而這裡我選了商業或工作。了解？

And then you divide it. Let's say you have a piece of paper or you could do it, you know, on... You could do it written or you could do it in your mind,

然後把它們分組，你可以拿一張紙，把它們寫下來或用大腦記下來，

and you divide it into categories, such as: in the field of education, you want to think of people, you want to think of places, and you want to think of actions which are the verbs. Right?

然後把它們分成不同的類別，像是，教育領域這裡，你會想到人，想到地方，想到行為，也就是動詞， 了解？

So you could start by just doing it in a simple way and see if you can come up with at least three examples. All right?

你可以先用簡單的方式來開始練習，看看自己是否能夠舉出至少三個例子，好嗎？

Three examples of people in education: "teacher", "student", "principal"; places: "school", "college", "university"; actions: "study", "teach", "learn". Okay?

教育中關於人的三個例子：老師、學生、校長；關於地方的例子：學校、學院、大學；關於行為的例子：學習、教導、學習，懂嗎？

In the area of religion, if we're talking about different kinds of people, people of different religions: "Muslims", "Christians", "Hindus";

宗教信仰這一塊，如果我們談論的是不同的人，不同宗教信仰的人：穆斯林、基督教徒、印度教徒；

places in the area of religion: "mosque", "church", "temple"; actions could be: "pray", "bless", "believe".

宗教信仰的地方：清真寺、教堂、廟宇；宗教信仰的行為：祈禱、保佑、相信。

Obviously, these are not the only examples; I'm just showing you how to do it.

當然，例子不是只有這些而已，我只是舉例讓你知道怎麼做。

In the field of business, for people you might put: "manager", "employee", "supervisor";

在商業的領域中，提到人的話，有：經理、員工、主管；

for places: "office", "factory", "department"; and for actions, things like: "work", or "recruit", or "promote". Okay?

地方有：辦公室、工廠、部門；而行為方面有：工作、招聘、或升職，了解嗎？

So, even though it seems like a really simple exercise, what will happen is as you start to try to remember from your active vocabulary... Right?

雖然這練習看起來很簡單，但當你開始努力從積極(應用)字彙中回想單字時，會發生什麼事呢？

Words related to certain themes, you might find that you can't actually think of too many examples in a particular area, and then you'll be able to know and diagnose what your weaknesses are.

對於某些相關主題的單字，你也許會發現自己對於某個特定區域無法想到很多例子， 如此一來，你便能知道並診斷自己的弱點在哪。

That, "Okay, I need to learn more business vocabulary, but when it comes to education I'm okay," or vice versa. Okay?

像是「我知道自己需要學習更多的商業字彙，但講到教育的字彙，我就沒問題」或是反之，懂嗎？

Now, there are many ways you can expand on this activity.

這活動可以用許多方式來擴大練習。

So one way is to expand on it horizontally. What do I mean by that?

其中一個方式是以水平線方向擴展。是什麼意思呢？

Well, I gave you three categories; people, places, and actions, but you could add more categories.

我給你了三種類別：人、地方、和行為，但你可以增加更多類別。

You could add, for example, things, what things do you find in educational places? What problems or issues are involved in the field of education?

例如，你可以增加事物，你在教育的地方這一塊中會找到什麼事物？什麼樣的問題會涉及教育領域呢？

Now, why is this important? Why is it important to develop a vocabulary of a particular field?

為什麼這個練習很重要呢？為什麼發展某個特定領域的字彙很重要呢？

Because let's say you're writing an exam, such as the IELTS or TOEFL, and you have an essay topic given to you which is about education.

因為就像你在寫考卷一樣，例如雅思或托福，你有一個作文題目是有關教育的。

Well, one of the ways you're going to get higher marks is by using a lot of varied vocabulary about that field.

能讓你拿高分的其中一個方式，就是使用大量不同的教育字彙。

So this is a way to check where you stand and to expand on that vocabulary.

這是一個方法可以確認你的程度在哪，並進而延伸那個字彙。

So, as I said, you can choose new categories.

如同我所說的，你可以選擇增加新類別，

For example, if you chose issues when it came to business or problems related to business, you might mention things like unemployment, or absenteeism, or stress. Okay?

例如，假設你選擇商業或與商業相關的問題，你也許會提到事情像是失業或缺勤，或者壓力，是吧？

See how many ideas and vocabulary words you can come up with related to those themes.

試試看你可以想出多少跟這些主題有關的想法或字彙。

You can also work vertically. By that, I mean, instead of just taking three examples as I've done on the board, you can take four or five, or you can just try to see: how many words can I think of related to people in education? All right?

另一個方式是以垂直線擴展。我指的是，與其只用我寫在白板上的三個例子，你可以有四或五個例子，或者你可以試試，像是：我能夠想到多少教育領域裡跟人有關的單字？懂嗎？

Or people at work. Just make the list as long as you can.

或是工作的人只要你能，就盡量舉出很多例子來。

You can make it a kind of game for yourself. You can do this while you're standing in line somewhere or when you're waiting for a bus, or something like that.

你可以把它變成一種你自己在玩的遊戲。你可以在排隊時、或等公車時、或其他類似的情況下做這個練習。

You can just play this game in your mind. All right?

你也可以自己在大腦中玩這個遊戲。好嗎？

Another way to do it is to use more advanced cate-... Topics, not categories, but topics.

另一個方式是使用更高級的類——題目，不是類別，是題目。

For example, here I used education, religion, and business, but you could use history, or politics, or economics. Right?

例如，這裡我選了教育、宗教信仰和商業，但你可以選歷史、或政治、或經濟，懂嗎？

And this way, you would have the same information regarding yourself. Where do you stand regarding vocabulary in these many different areas? Okay?

這方式一樣能夠讓你　對自己有更進一步的認知，知道在這些不同領域中， 自己的字彙程度在哪？

As I mentioned, you could do this by yourself. You could also do it as a game along with a partner.

如同我之前提到的，你可以自己一個人做練習，也可以找一位伙伴一起把它當遊戲玩。

You could sit down and play a game to see who can think of more words in one minute that have to do with education, people in education, or places in education, or actions related to education.

你們可以坐下來一起玩這個遊戲，看看誰能夠在一分鐘內想出更多與教育領域有關的人、地方、或行為的單字。

So you could make it a game. And, as I said, it's a really good exercise to diagnose your own weaknesses so you will know which areas you need to develop your active vocabulary in.

你可以把它當成遊戲玩。而且，像我之前說的，這真的是一個很好的練習，讓你能夠診斷自己的弱點，也才能知道自己在哪個領域需要多加強你的積極(應用)字彙。

And as I said, you need active vocabulary in order to speak and write more effectively. All right?

就像我說過的，為了能夠讓說話和寫作技能更有效率，你必項要有積極(應用)字彙，懂嗎？

So good luck with your English. Bye for now.

祝你英語學習順利。再見囉。