Name: 普丁在北極的王牌？ | Mapped Out (Putin's trump card in the Arctic? | Mapped Out)
Uploaded: 2026-03-21T17:09:10.000Z
Duration: 19 min 19 s

Strange things are happening in the Arctic around Svalbard.

北極斯瓦爾巴周邊發生了一些奇怪的事。

It's home to the only Russian town on NATO territory.

這裡有北約領土上唯一的俄羅斯城鎮。

Svalbard is a group of Norwegian Arctic islands in the middle of nowhere.

斯瓦爾巴是一群位於北極、挪威管轄的島嶼，位處偏遠之地。

Around 300 polar bears and 3,000 people from all over the world live here.

大約有 300 頭北極熊和來自世界各地 3,000 人居住在這裡。

A unique agreement has made Svalbard international and kept it peaceful.

一項獨特的協議讓斯瓦爾巴成為國際領土，並維持和平。

But now things are changing in the Arctic.

There's a face off between Russia and NATO.

俄羅斯和北約之間出現了對峙。

So could Svalbard become Putin's Greenland?

那麼，斯瓦爾巴會不會成為普丁的格陵蘭？

And can NATO catch up to Russia in the Arctic?

而北約能在北極追趕上俄羅斯嗎？

To find out, let's venture into the cold.

為了找出答案，讓我們冒險進入這片寒冷之地吧。

斯瓦爾巴在古諾斯語中意為寒冷海岸。

Norwegians used to consider it a sort of no man's land.

挪威人過去曾將其視為一種無人地帶。

Life on Svalbard is tough and there's always the threat of having to hide from a polar bear here, Which means people leave their doors and cars unlocked in case you have to escape.

斯瓦爾巴的生活很艱難，隨時都有可能需要躲避北極熊，這意味著人們會將門和車輛保持解鎖狀態，以便隨時逃離。

It's extremely cold and extremely dark and extremely difficult environment to to live in.

這裡極度寒冷、極度黑暗，是一個極其艱難的居住環境。

She has decades of experience researching in the Arctic and has been to Svalbard.

她在北極地區有數十年的研究經驗，也去過斯瓦爾巴。

I was there in the summer, so it was 24 hours of daylight instead of 24 hours of darkness.

我是夏天去的，所以是 24 小時的日光，而不是 24 小時的黑暗。

Svalbard is here in the middle of the Arctic Ocean.

斯瓦爾巴就在北極海的正中央。

Longyearbyen is the main town on Svalbard and one of the world's northernmost settlements.

長年鎮是斯瓦爾巴的主要城鎮，也是世界上最北端的聚落之一。

It's known as Russian and is a coal mining town.

那裡是俄羅斯人的地方，也是個煤礦城鎮。

We'll get to why that makes things tense.

我們之後會講到，這讓情況變得有點緊張。

Svalbard is between mainland Norway and the North Pole.

斯瓦爾巴位在挪威大陸和北極之間。

It's Norwegian territory, which means it's also NATO territory.

它是挪威的領土，這也意味著它是北約的領土。

It's pretty much between Greenland to its west and Russia's Arctic coast to its east.

它差不多就在西邊的格陵蘭和東邊的俄羅斯北極海岸之間。

It has long attracted bold researchers exploring the Arctic and the North Pole.

它長久以來就吸引著勇於探索北極和北極圈的大膽研究者。

For a couple of centuries, Svalbard kind of belonged to everyone and to no one.

過去幾百年來，斯瓦爾巴有點像是大家的，又有點像是誰的都不是。

But when mining got popular, land needed to be officially distributed and different countries wanted access to workers demanded rights.

但隨著採礦變得流行，土地需要正式分配，各國也想要取得勞工並爭取權益。

So after World War I, Svalbard got a unique treaty to regulate its status.

所以第一次世界大戰後，斯瓦爾巴獲得了一份獨特的條約來規範其地位。

The Svalbard Treaty made the archipelago Norwegian, but open to others.

《斯瓦爾巴條約》讓這個群島成為挪威領土，但也對其他人開放。

It was also supposed to keep it peaceful.

這份條約也 supposed to 讓這裡保持和平。

Based on a Svalbard Treaty, there isn't supposed to be any military activity there.

根據《斯瓦爾巴條約》，這裡不應該有任何軍事活動。

Article 9 states Svalbard may never be used for warlike purposes.

條文第九條規定，斯瓦爾巴永遠不得用於戰爭目的。

這句話今天到底是什麼意思，還有待討論。

But in any case, no country has A military base here.

但無論如何，沒有任何國家在這裡設有軍事基地。

Citizens from countries that had signed the treaty have access to the islands.

簽署這份條約的國家，其公民都可以來到這裡。

Initially there were nine signatory countries.

Now there are over 40 countries like the United States, China, France, even North Korea and Afghanistan and also Russia.

現在有超過 40 個國家，像是美國、中國、法國，甚至北韓、阿富汗，還有俄羅斯。

If your country signs the treaty, you can easily become a resident here.

如果你的國家簽署了這份條約，你就可以輕鬆在這裡定居。

Along with tourism and mining, there's been a focus on climate research and marine biology here.

除了觀光和採礦，這裡也著重於氣候研究和海洋生物學。

It's uniquely positioned from a research perspective in places like this.

從研究的角度來看，像這樣的地方有著獨特的地理位置。

The research station in New Arlesund has always attracted scientific pioneers.

位於新奧勒松的研究站一直吸引著科學先驅。

Today, 10 countries have permanent research infrastructure in the settlement.

如今，有 10 個國家在這個聚落設有永久性的研究基礎設施。

Scientists from around the world work side by side here.

來自世界各地的科學家在這裡並肩工作。

A Norwegian satellite station on Svalbard provides scientific data.

挪威在斯瓦爾巴有一個衛星站，提供科學數據。

It operates more antennas than any other commercial station in the world.

它擁有的天線數量比世界上任何其他商業站點都多。

Its location is ideal for downloading data from satellites orbiting the Earth from pole to pole.

它的位置非常適合下載繞地球極地軌道的衛星數據。

Svasat is a key bit of global communications infrastructure.

Svasat 是全球通訊基礎設施的關鍵一環。

And that makes the satellite station an attractive target for hybrid attacks.

這也讓這個衛星站成為混合攻擊的誘人目標。

NATO has accused Russia of attacks on strategic infrastructure like this in the past.

北約過去曾指控俄羅斯攻擊類似這樣的戰略基礎設施。

If you want to sort of nudge and disrupt, you're going to do that through hybrid approach versus through more traditional sort of military approaches, because otherwise you're violating the treat.

如果你想施加影響並製造混亂，你會透過混合手段來達成，而不是透過更傳統的軍事手段，因為否則你會違反條約。

Because of the Russian legal presence on the Svalbard archipelago, there are certainly opportunities for Russia to exploit the situation.

由於俄羅斯在斯瓦爾巴群島有合法據點，俄羅斯當然有機會利用這種情況。

She's a specialist on Russian hybrid warfare and the Arctic at a university of the Norwegian armed forces.

她是挪威軍事大學專門研究俄羅斯混合戰和北極的專家。

她最近的研究聚焦在斯瓦爾巴群島。

There is just more broadly more awareness how also strategically important these islands are.

大家現在普遍更意識到這些島嶼在戰略上的重要性。

And we've seen also a quite concerning evolution in the behavior of the Russian population on the islands.

我們也看到俄羅斯在島上居民的行為出現了相當令人擔憂的演變。

It's in Barentsburg, the Russian town on Svalbard we mentioned.

這是在巴倫支堡，就是我們剛才提到的斯瓦爾巴群島上的俄羅斯城鎮。

勝利日是俄羅斯一個非常盛大的節日。

It commemorates the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in World War II.

它紀唸的是蘇聯在第二次世界大戰中戰勝納粹德國。

This parade in Barentsburg was held after Russia's full scale invasion of Ukraine.

這個在巴倫支堡的遊行是在俄羅斯全面入侵烏克蘭之後舉行的。

Russian nationalism right on NATO territory.

北約領土上的俄羅斯民族主義。

In the 1930s, Barentsburg became a Soviet coal mining settlement.

在 1930 年代，巴倫支堡成為了蘇聯的煤礦定居點。

The Soviet coal mining company is a Russian state owned company today.

這家蘇聯煤礦公司如今是一家俄羅斯國營企業。

And it's still the employer for most of the people living in Barentsburg.

它仍然是住在巴倫支堡的大多數人的僱主。

The population is about 350 people, mostly Russians.

人口約有 350 人，大多是俄羅斯人。

There is no doubt that Russia has subsidized the presence there.

毫無疑問，俄羅斯一直補貼在這裡的存在。

So there is a different objective behind the Russian presence.

所以俄羅斯在這裡的出現有不同的目的。

And the main objective is to maintain foothold.

This foothold is not a military presence because the Svalbard Treaty bans that.

這個立足點並非軍事存在，因為《斯瓦爾巴條約》禁止 ذلك。

To understand why Russia wants to keep this foothold, we need to look at what Russia has around Svalbard.

要了解俄羅斯為何想維持這個立足點，我們得看看俄羅斯在斯瓦爾巴周邊有什麼。

To the south of it is Russia's Kola Peninsula.

它的南邊是俄羅斯的科拉半島。

It's home to a huge amount of Russian military infrastructure and has Russian nuclear submarines.

那裡有大量的俄羅斯軍事基礎設施，還有俄羅斯的核潛艦。

The world's largest accumulation of nuclear weapons are on the Kola Peninsula and also the largest share of Russian strategic submarines that carry the sea launch ballistic missiles, intercontinental ballistic missiles.

世界上最多的核武就集中在科拉半島，還有俄羅斯戰略潛艦的大部分，這些潛艦能發射海基、洲際彈道飛彈。

So this is an extremely important part of the Russian military strategy, defense and also with offensive capabilities as well.

所以這是俄羅斯軍事策略中極為重要的一環，不僅是防禦，也具備攻擊能力。

And Russia's Franz Josef Land is to the east of Svalbard.

而俄羅斯的法蘭士約瑟夫地群島就在斯瓦爾巴的東邊。

那裡駐紮著納古爾斯科耶空軍基地。

It's one of around 50 former Soviet military facilities Russia reactivated in the Arctic since 2014 to increase its capabilities.

這是俄羅斯自2014年以來，在北極地區重新啟用約50個前蘇聯軍事設施之一，以提升其能力。

Here you can see on satellite images of the base that the Runway there was extended.

你可以在衛星影像上看到這個基地的跑道被延長了。

Russia says it can now accommodate any aircraft all year long, including Russian heavy bombers.

俄羅斯表示，他們現在全年都能起降任何飛機，包括俄羅斯的重型轟炸機。

Russian military planning aims to control and also defend this area in case of a conflict.

俄羅斯的軍事計畫旨在控制並在發生衝突時保衛該地區。

And Svalbard, which is not supposed to be used for warlike purposes, is smack in the middle of it.

而原本不應用於戰爭目的的斯瓦爾巴，正好就位在其中央。

It's located in the perimeter of the so called Russian bastion defense, which is basically the Russian concept of protecting its strategic submarines and various assets on the Kola Peninsula.

它位於所謂的俄羅斯堡壘防禦的周邊，這基本上是俄羅斯保護科拉半島戰略潛艦和各種資產的概念。

So Svalbard lays within that operation area, the defence perimeter.

所以斯瓦爾巴就位於那個作戰區域、防禦範圍內。

Russia has been accusing Norway of military militarizing Svalbard.

俄羅斯一直指控挪威在斯瓦爾巴進行軍事化。

Russia criticizes visits by Norwegian navy and coast guard ships as violations of the Svalbard Treaty.

俄羅斯批評挪威海軍和海岸巡防隊的船隻來訪，違反了《斯瓦爾巴條約》。

There are these accusations of Russia as the victim of Norwegian and NATO policies in the region.

這些指控認為俄羅斯是該地區挪威和北約政策的受害者。

This feeds into this sort of narrative of Russia's disbesieged besieged fortress sort of mentality, the victim mentality, victim narrative.

這助長了一種俄羅斯被圍困的堡壘心態，一種受害者心態、受害者敘事。

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普丁在北極的王牌？ | Mapped Out (Putin's trump card in the Arctic? | Mapped Out)

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