Name: 以色列在黎巴嫩的策略為何等同於「集體處罰」？| DW 新聞 (Why Israel's strategy on Lebanon amounts to "collective punishment" | DW News)
Uploaded: 2026-03-18T17:00:22.000Z
Duration: 12 min 9 s

Beirut is under fire as Israeli warplanes continue to pound the Lebanese capital On Wednesday in a further escalation of the U.

以色列戰機持續轟炸黎巴嫩首都貝魯特，週三，美國與以色列對伊朗的戰爭進一步升級。

基礎被動語態

Lebanese authorities say at least 12 people were killed when apartment buildings and several residential neighborhoods were struck.

黎巴嫩當局表示，公寓大樓和幾個住宅區遭到襲擊，造成至少12人死亡。

The attacks, which Israel says are aimed at the Iran backed militant group Hezbollah, are some of the most intense on the Lebanese capital in decades and have hid far from Hezbollah's stronghold in the city's southern suburbs.

以色列表示，這些襲擊旨在針對伊朗支持的武裝組織真主黨，這是數十年來對黎巴嫩首都最猛烈的襲擊之一，並且遠離真主黨在該市南部郊區的據點。

On Wednesday morning, Israel brought the war to the heart of Beirut.

週三早上，以色列將戰火燒到了貝魯特市中心。

It struck three densely populated neighborhoods in the Lebanese capital.

他們襲擊了黎巴嫩首都三個人口稠密的區域。

In the Bashura area, one building was completely flattened, shocking ordinary people who lived just meters away.

在巴士拉區，一棟建築被夷為平地，讓住在幾公尺外的普通民眾感到震驚。

Israel called it a facility used by Hezbollah, the Shiite Muslim militant group backed by Iran.

以色列稱其為真主黨使用的設施，真主黨是伊朗支持的什葉派穆斯林武裝組織。

Let them fight on the ground, not fight and displace innocent people, elderly people.

讓他們在地面上作戰，而不是作戰並流離失所無辜的民眾、年長的民眾。

還有遜尼派、德魯茲人、庫德族。

Israelis are just focused on causing pain.

以色列人就只專注於製造痛苦。

Two other neighborhoods were also struck, including one close to government headquarters and several embassies.

另外兩個社區也遭到襲擊，其中一個靠近政府總部和幾家大使館。

Residents said they received no warning and the missiles caught them unawares when they were still in bed.

居民表示他們沒有收到任何警告，飛彈擊中他們時，他們還在床上。

We were sleeping when we heard the bomb fall on us.

我們睡著時，聽到炸彈掉下來。

We came out and found the street like this.

我們出來，發現街道變成這樣。

We've been out on the street since 8:30am with nothing but the clothes on our backs.

我們從早上八點半就一直在街上，身上只剩衣服。

Hezbollah's Al Mana TV station said the director of its political programs and his wife were killed in one of the strikes.

真主黨的 Al Mana 電視臺報導，他們的政治節目總監和他的妻子在其中一次襲擊中喪生。

Israel's military confirmed striking Beirut and several locations in southern Lebanon.

以色列軍方證實襲擊了貝魯特和黎巴嫩南部的幾個地點。

In a statement, the Israel Defense Forces said the strikes targeted Hezbollah facilities in response to dozens of rockets that were launched towards Israeli territory on Tuesday.

以色列國防軍發布聲明表示，這次襲擊是針對真主黨的設施，以回應週二發射到以色列領土的數十枚火箭。

It said warnings had been issued for some locations.

聲明中提到，有些地點已發布了警告。

Lebanese authorities say Israeli strikes have now killed more than 900 people since March the second and displaced over a million more.

黎巴嫩當局表示，自二日以來，以色列的襲擊已造成超過九百人死亡，一百多萬人流離失所。

DW Beirut Bureau Chief Mohammad Shraiti sent us this update.

DW 貝魯特分社社長 Mohammad Shraiti 傳來了這則最新消息。

Just two streets away from where we're standing here in Bashura in central Beirut, Israeli attacks targeted at least two apartment buildings without prior warning.

就在我們現在站的貝魯特市中心巴士拉區，距離這裡兩條街外，以色列的攻擊目標鎖定了至少兩棟公寓大樓，而且沒有事先警告。

And that suggests assassination attempts.

And this is adding to the growing frustration of the residents here in these neighborhoods as it accommodates tens of thousands of refugees who fled their homes in the southern suburbs of Beirut in southern Lebanon and in the Beqaa Valley.

這也加劇了這些社區居民日益增長的不滿情緒，因為這裡收容了數萬名從黎巴嫩南部貝魯特南部郊區和貝卡谷地逃離家園的難民。

This is a very central area, very strategic area.

這是個非常市中心、非常戰略性的區域。

It's only a few meters away from the headquarter of the government The Grand Sarai, the residence and the office of the Prime Minister of Lebanon.

這裡距離政府大稅務廳（或總理府）、黎巴嫩總理的官邸和辦公室僅幾公尺之遙。

And few meters away from the central Beirut souks and the waterfront.

距離貝魯特市中心的市集和海濱也只有幾公尺。

He's a professor of Middle Eastern politics and international relations at London School of Economics.

他是倫敦政經學院中東政治與國際關係學的教授。

Now, Israel has been escalating its attacks on Lebanon.

現在，以色列一直在升高對黎巴嫩的攻擊。

我們看到他們讓數百萬人流離失所。

Is this mission from the Israeli perspective going according to plan?

從以色列的角度來看，這次任務有照計畫進行嗎？

Israel has just stopped this new round of war.

以色列剛剛停止了這一輪新的戰爭。

In the past 10 days or so, more than 1 million displaced Lebanese as a result of Israel's blanket evacuation orders, almost 1,000 killed civilians, mostly more than 100 children, more than 40 medical workers.

在過去的十天左右，由於以色列的全面撤離命令，超過一百萬黎巴嫩人流離失所，近一千名平民喪生，其中大部分是兒童，還有四十多名醫護人員。

Really, you can summarize Israel's strategy in two words, collective punishment.

說真的，你可以用兩個字來總結以色列的策略：集體懲罰。

What Israel is trying to do is to basically punish the entire social base of Hezbollah, the Shiite population in South Lebanon, in the Backa Valley and in Dahya in Beirut.

以色列試圖做的，基本上就是懲罰真主黨的整個社會基礎，也就是南部黎巴嫩、貝卡谷地和貝魯特巴士拉區的什葉派穆斯林人口。

And basically it does not really distinguish between military and civilian targets.

而且基本上，它並沒有真正區分軍事目標和民用目標。

In fact, the United Nations Human Rights Office made it very clear that Israel's evacuation orders and the mass displacement amounts to a war crime.

事實上，聯合國人權事務高級專員辦事處已經非常清楚地表明，以色列的撤離命令和大規模流離失所相當於戰爭罪。

And finally, Israel has just launched what it called a targeted ground operation.

最後，以色列剛發動了一場他們稱之為「目標式地面行動」。

And Israeli officials are preparing to call tens of thousands, in fact hundreds of thousand of Israel's reverse in order, quote, unquote, according to Israeli officials, to implement the Gaza model in Lebanon.

以色列官員正準備召集數萬，事實上是數十萬以色列後備軍，引述以色列官員的話，要在黎巴嫩實施「加薩模式」。

That's something I want to touch on a little later.

Israel of course says this is an operation aimed solely at Hezbollah.

以色列當然說，這次行動的目標僅限於真主黨。

How strong is the group at this point in time?

Well, Israel said the, the same thing about Hamas in Gaza.

嗯，以色列當初對加薩的哈瑪斯也是這麼說的。

In a two year war that has killed almost 70,000 Palestinians.

這場為期兩年的戰爭，已經造成近七萬巴勒斯坦人死亡。

This is Israel says Hezbollah, Hezbollah, Hezbollah, Hamas, Hamas, Hamas.

這就是以色列說的真主黨、真主黨、真主黨，哈瑪斯、哈瑪斯、哈瑪斯。

But yet the brunt of Israeli attacks are basically on civilian targets.

但以色列的攻擊主力基本上都落在平民目標上。

That's the distinguish between civilians and military target.

這就是平民和軍事目標之間的區別。

Hezbollah's capabilities have been degraded a great deal in the first round in the 13 months war between Hezbollah and Israel.

在真主黨和以色列為期13個月的戰爭的第一階段，真主黨的能力已經大為削弱。

But Hezbollah remains a major major paramilitary force.

但真主黨仍然是一個非常非常重要的準軍事力量。

Israeli officials have been surprised that Hezbollah continues to resist, continue to attack both inside Lebanon and attacking military targets and civilian targets in Israel as well.

以色列官員對於真主黨持續抵抗、持續攻擊黎巴嫩境內以及攻擊以色列的軍事和民用目標感到驚訝。

And for your own viewers, Hezbollah is not just a military organization.

對於你的觀眾來說，真主黨不只是一個軍事組織。

It's a social and political movement deeply entrenched in Lebanon.

它是一個深深植根於黎巴嫩的社會和政治運動。

So even though Israel could really degrade Hezbollah's capabilities more and in a greater measure that Israel cannot really eliminate Hezbollah because it's a social movement, a political movement, and

所以，即使以色列能夠在更大程度上削弱真主黨的能力，但以色列無法真正消滅真主黨，因為它是一個社會運動、一個政治運動，而且

this is the Major challenge facing Hezbollah in the next few weeks and next few months and next few years, I would argue help us understand the role of the Lebanese government here.

這是我認為真主黨在接下來幾週、幾個月、幾年裡面臨的主要挑戰，請幫助我們瞭解黎巴嫩政府在這裡的角色。

Because they outlawed Hezbollah's military wing, they insist this is not their war.

因為他們將真主黨的軍事分支列為非法，所以他們堅持這不是他們的戰爭。

How are they positioning themselves at a time their country is under heavy bombardment?

在國家遭受猛烈轟炸的時刻，他們是如何定位自己的？

Well, I mean, you know, imagine a Lebanese government with a broken economy.

嗯，我的意思是，你知道，想像一下一個經濟崩潰的黎巴嫩政府。

Imagine a Lebanese government that's trying to basically restart the economy to put the country together after a bloody war in 2024 in Lebanon.

想像一下一個黎巴嫩政府，它正試圖在 2024 年黎巴嫩經歷一場血腥戰爭後，基本上重新啟動經濟來重整國家。

And Lebanon really has had a horrible economy or hardly any economy in the past eight years.

而且黎巴嫩在過去八年裡，經濟確實非常糟糕，幾乎沒有經濟可言。

The Lebanese president Joseph Aoun proposed direct talks between Lebanon and Israel.

黎巴嫩總統約瑟夫·奧恩提議黎巴嫩與以色列進行直接談判。

The first time ever that any Lebanese president uttered the word direct talks between Lebanon and Israel.

這是第一位黎巴嫩總統說出黎巴嫩與以色列之間直接談判這個詞。

And this tells you a great deal that Israel's strategy is to really punish the population, is to force the Lebanese government to surrender.

這充分說明瞭以色列的策略是懲罰人民，迫使黎巴嫩政府投降。

The only problem is the Lebanese government cannot even take on Hezbollah even if it wants, given the fact that Israel now is fully attacking in ground and air 24 hours a day.

唯一的問題是，黎巴嫩政府即使想，也無法對付真主黨，因為以色列現在全天候、陸海空全面進攻。

So the Lebanese government is pressed between a hard rock, Israel's all out war against Lebanon and a harder place, it's diminishing capacity both economic and social to deal with this huge massive humanitarian crisis and take Hezbollah, take on Hezbollah, which is a deeply entrenched Lebanese social and political and paramilitary movement.

所以黎巴嫩政府夾在兩難之間，一方面是以色列對黎巴嫩的全面戰爭，另一方面是它日益衰退的經濟和社會能力，來應對這場巨大的人道危機，以及對抗真主黨，真主黨是一個根深蒂固的黎巴嫩社會、政治和準軍事組織。

France has offered to mediate an end to hostilities.

法國提議介入調停，以結束敵對行動。

What could that look like and would they be an appropriate peace broker in this setting?

這會是什麼樣子？他們會是這個場合適當的和平仲裁者嗎？

Well, sadly and tragically, France is the only power that is trying very much to de escalate.

嗯，遺憾且悲劇的是，法國是唯一一個非常努力想緩和局勢的國家。

France is the only European power that's really trying to basically urge Israel not to escalate in particular all out ground offensive in Lebanon.

法國是唯一一個真正努力敦促以色列不要升級，特別是不要在黎巴嫩進行全面地面攻勢的歐洲國家。

Sadly, I mean, you know, Israeli prime minister listens to one man and that's Donald Trump.

說真的，你知道，以色列總理只聽一個人的話，那就是唐納·川普。

So Donald Trump has the final word, not President Macron.

所以最後的決定權在唐納·川普手上，而不是馬克宏總統。

And it seems that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has a green light from President Trump.

而且看起來，總理班傑明·納坦雅胡已經得到了川普總統的綠燈。

And now the attention is on Iran given the fact that in the past three weeks, all out war, a region wide conflict.

現在，由於過去三週的全面戰爭，一場區域性衝突，大家的注意力都轉向了伊朗。

So hardly anyone is paying attention to Lebanon at this particular stage because Iran is more important given the economic consequences, global economic consequences.

所以此刻幾乎沒有人在關注黎巴嫩，因為伊朗更重要，考量到全球經濟的影響。

So without intervention by the United States by Trump, I fear that Israeli Prime Minister will use this particular moment to implement the so called Gaza model in Lebanon and raise villages and create a buffer zone.

所以如果沒有川普的美國介入，我擔心以色列總理會利用這個時刻，在黎巴嫩實施所謂的加薩模式，摧毀村莊並建立緩衝區。

You know, as it did between 1982 and 2000 in Lebanon.

就像他們在1982年到2000年期間對黎巴嫩做的那樣。

Over a million Lebanese have been displaced since the fighting started.

自戰鬥開始以來，已有超過一百萬黎巴嫩人流離失所。

Tens of thousands of Syrians have in turn left Lebanon at looking ahead how is this front of the war going to affect the region?

數萬名敘利亞人也是以離開黎巴嫩，展望這場戰爭的前線將如何影響該地區？

嗯，我的意思是，讓我們直接說。

以色列已經讓一百萬黎巴嫩人流離失所。

This is collective punishment by Israel in order to exert pressure on both the Lebanese government and Hezbollah.

這是以色列的集體懲罰，目的是向黎巴嫩政府和真主黨施壓。

And the fact is this really could become this massive humanitarian crisis could basically have major impact on state capacity.

事實上，這場大規模的人道危機可能會對國家的承載能力產生重大影響。

You might have a huge migration crisis as the world witnessed during the Syrian war between 2011 and 2023.

你可能會面臨一場巨大的移民危機，就像世界在2011年至2023年敘利亞戰爭期間看到的那樣。