Name: 機場管制是如何運作的？ ✈️ (How Air Traffic Control Works)
Uploaded: 2026-03-14T15:15:27.000Z
Duration: 32 min 39 s

程度副詞

Contrary to popular belief, air traffic controllers have a pretty uneventful job 90% of the time.

很多人可能以為航管員的工作很無聊，但其實他們有九成的時間都很平靜。

But it's the other 10% that makes air traffic control one of the most stressful jobs in the world.

然而，就是那剩下的百分之十，讓航管成為世界上壓力最大的工作之一。

And today we've been given exclusive access to go into the air traffic control tower at Toronto Pearson International Airport to learn how such a small team can manage all the airport traffic.

今天我們獲得獨家機會，進入多倫多皮爾遜國際機場的航管塔臺，瞭解一個小團隊是如何管理所有機場交通的。

We will also share with you a rare look inside the Toronto Area Control center where the majority of air traffic is orchestrated.

我們也會帶大家難得一窺多倫多區域管制中心，大部分的航管都是在那裡協調的。

And then we'll take it one step further with boots on the ground next to active runways, just to give you an intimate experience with how wildlife management experts keep the airport airspace safe so that your only concern is finding the perfect movie for your next flight.

接著，我們還會深入跑道旁，讓大家親身體驗野生動物管理專家如何確保機場空域安全，讓你唯一要擔心的就是為下趟飛行找一部好電影。

But why heavy airliners like the A380 typically land on the departure Runway.

為什麼像 A380 這種大型客機通常會降落在起飛跑道上。

Why it's not just bad weather, but also clear sunny days that that demand more air traffic controllers.

為什麼不只是惡劣天氣，就連晴朗天氣也需要更多航管員。

The real reason why flight volumes never recovered post Covid and why during thunderstorms shorter flights are more likely to be canceled than long haul flights is not what you think.

後疫情時代班機量為何一直沒恢復，以及為什麼雷暴期間，短程班機比長程班機更容易被取消，原因可能跟你想的不一樣。

The Toronto International Airport is an all you can eat buffet with runways.

多倫多國際機場就像一個跑道自助餐。

There are 5,000 acres of green space around the airport with two creeks and several ponds.

機場周圍有五千英畝的綠地，有兩條小溪和幾個池塘。

這讓機場成了野生動物的天堂。

But unfortunately, birds and airplanes are a dangerous combination.

但很可惜，鳥類和飛機的組合非常危險。

And it's only a matter of time before a bird strike leads to a serious emergency.

鳥擊導致嚴重緊急情況只是時間問題。

And that's where Ivan comes into the picture.

But while the team prepares the birds for their first patrol of the day, I'm gonna head over to the control tower because I was promised a spectacular view and that's just the bathroom.

但當團隊準備讓鳥兒們開始一天的工作時，我要去航管塔臺，因為我被承諾能看到壯觀的景色，結果那只是廁所。

The control tower communicates only with aircraft that are within a 7 mile radius of the airport and below 2500ft of altitude.

航管塔臺只與機場半徑七英里內、高度兩千五百英尺以下的飛機溝通。

There are four primary roles inside the control tower and air traffic controllers rotate through these roles during their shifts.

航管塔臺內有四個主要職責，航管員在輪班期間會輪調這些職責。

So I talk to all aircraft that are parked at all the gates prepared to depart.

所以我會跟所有停在登機門準備起飛的飛機溝通。

他們會打電話上來，取得他們的航線。

Clearance delivery tells pilots which Runway to go to and what squawk code to put in their transponder.

放行發送會告訴機師要去哪一條跑道，以及在應答器裡輸入什麼應答代碼。

This four digit code is how the airplane will be identified as it flies through the airspace.

這個四位數的代碼是飛機在空域中飛行時的識別方式。

In case of emergency, the pilot can change the squawk code.

萬一發生緊急狀況，機師可以更改應答代碼。

For example, broadcasting code 7500 tells air traffic controllers that the aircraft has been hijacked.

例如，廣播代碼 7500 會告知航管員飛機遭到劫持。

As soon as the apron tower on top of Terminal 1 gives the go ahead, the airplane pushes back from the Gate.

一旦第一航廈頂端的停機坪航管塔臺發出許可，飛機就會從登機門推出。

And now the pilot is in communications with ground controllers who are responsible for all ground traffic except for what's on the runways.

現在機師開始與地面航管員溝通，他們負責跑道以外的所有地面交通。

But ground controllers don't just talk to pilots who are taxiing from or to the gates.

但地面航管員不只跟正在滑行往返登機門的機師溝通。

Any ground vehicles, like those used for construction, snow removal, and

任何地面車輛，像是用於施工、剷雪，以及

even this tractor towing, the airplane must coordinate their movements through ground controllers stationed inside the control tower.

就連拖曳飛機的拖曳車，也必須透過航管塔臺內的地面航管員協調其移動。

Anything that moves on the ground is tracked with the help of three ground radars stationed in different parts of the airport.

機場內任何在地面的移動，都會透過設置在機場不同區域的三個地面雷達協助追蹤。

And the results are displayed on the ground radar screens.

這些結果會顯示在地面雷達螢幕上。

For simplicity, the movements are color coded.

為了簡化，這些移動會以顏色編碼。

Where departing airplanes are blue, arriving airplanes are brown, and ground vehicles are shown in yellow.

起飛的飛機是藍色，抵達的飛機是棕色，地面車輛則顯示為黃色。

That's what ground controllers call an uncorrelated target.

這就是地面航管員所謂的「未關聯目標」。

Basically, the ground radars have picked up a movement, but

基本上，地面雷達偵測到一個移動，但是

the vehicle has no transponder to broadcast what it actually is.

該車輛沒有應答器來廣播它實際的身份。

In this case, it was a tractor that was towing that airplane, but

這種情況下，是一輛拖曳車正在拖曳那架飛機，但是

this ground controller knows that only because she's looking outside the window.

這位地面航管員之所以知道，是因為她正看著窗外。

That said, a green tag could also be an animal, such as a coyote, and

說到這裡，綠色標記也可能是隻動物，像是郊狼，或是

in some cases, a false target that doesn't really exist.

有時候，是一個實際上並不存在的假目標。

So if it's really foggy outside and the radar is showing a green tag on the Runway, all operations would have to be halted until the Runway is inspecting.

所以如果外面起大霧，雷達上顯示跑道上有綠色標記，所有作業都必須暫停，直到跑道檢查完畢。

For decades, air traffic controllers have been using paper flight strips to help keep track of flights and their sequences.

幾十年來，航管員一直使用紙本飛航訓示條來追蹤班機及其順序。

And most airports in the United States still use these paper strips, but not here.

美國大多數機場仍然使用這些紙本訓示條，但這裡不是。

When the Toronto tower was opened in 1997, it became the first air traffic control tower in the world to use electronic flight strips.

1997年多倫多航管塔臺啟用時，成為全球第一個使用電子飛航訓示條的航管塔臺。

And this was a major improvement in streamlining the operations.

Once the airplane gets close to the departure Runway, it's switched from the ground controller to the tower controller.

當飛機接近起飛跑道時，就會從地面航管員交接給塔臺航管員。

The tower controller directs all the traffic that's on runways and then issues takeoff and landing clearances for any aircraft that's about to depart or land.

塔臺航管員負責指揮跑道上的所有交通，並對即將起飛或降落的任何飛機發出起降許可。

This is a critical step in any flight because the majority of airplane accidents happen during the takeoff or landing phase.

這是飛行中的關鍵步驟，因為大多數飛機事故都發生在起飛或降落階段。

But some accidents can be easily avoided if you have a bald eagle.

但有些事故如果有一隻白頭海鵰，就能輕易避免。

Every day of the week, Ivan flies over a critical area of the airport.

每週，伊凡都會飛過機場的關鍵區域。

After some turning and gliding, he lands on a platform about half a mile away to enjoy the food that was left for him earlier.

經過一番盤旋和滑翔後，他會降落在約半英里外的平臺上，享用稍早為他留下的食物。

Ivan has been doing this for the past 24 years.

That's because one of the runways is positioned parallel to a creek, which is a popular spot for waterfowls like ducks and geese.

這是因為其中一條跑道與小溪平行，而小溪是鴨子和鵝等水禽的熱門棲息地。

Primary goal is to prevent these birds from making a habit of coming to the airport every day and also from establishing themselves and having their offspring there.

主要目標是防止這些鳥類養成每天都來機場的習慣，也防止牠們在此建立族群並繁衍後代。

And this applies to local bird populations as well as migratory birds that may be passing through this area.

這同樣適用於當地鳥類族群以及可能經過該區域的候鳥。

I should highlight that Ivan's role is not to catch wildlife.

我應該強調，伊凡的角色不是捕捉野生動物。

You provide free education, we provide free education to wildlife.

你們提供免費教育，我們提供給野生動物免費的教育。

By merely flying over this creek day in and day out, Ivan turns this otherwise top notch neighborhood into what even these ducks agree is no place to raise a family.

伊凡只是日復一日地飛過這條小溪，就把這個原本頂級的社區變成連這些鴨子都覺得不是養育下一代的好地方。

And it's been very effective using Ivan for 24 years.

而且伊凡已經這樣有效率地工作了24年。

We've actually haven't had any nesting or nesting activity down by the creek.

我們實際上並沒有在小溪旁發現任何築巢或築巢的活動。

Ivan's role is deterrence, similar to that of his strategic nuclear bomber.

伊凡的角色是嚇阻，這跟他的戰略核子轟炸機很像。

This approach to wildlife management kills two birds with one stone.

這種野生動物管理方法一舉兩得。

Not only does it reduce the risk to airplanes, but

這不僅降低了飛機的風險，而且

it also saves wildlife itself from fatal encounters in the sky.

也讓野生動物本身免於在空中發生致命的遭遇。

After airplanes take off and leave the 7 mile radius of the airport, the pilot is no longer in contact with the control tower.

飛機起飛並離開機場七英里半徑後，飛行員就不再與航管塔臺聯繫了。

From this point forward, it's the area controllers who'll be directing every movement of the airplane until it approaches its destination.

從此以後，將由區域管制中心來指揮飛機的每一個動態，直到飛機接近目的地為止。

那麼，區域管制中心到底在做些什麼呢？

With thousands of airplanes in the air at all times, it's not the pilot, but

因為空中隨時都有數千架飛機，確保兩架飛機不會在同一時間點交叉的，不是飛行員，而是

the area controller who ensures two airplanes don't cross the same point at the same time.

Yes, pilots are the ones flying the airplane, and yes, they get all the action.

沒錯，飛行員確實是開飛機的人，而且他們確實是所有行動的焦點。

But it's the area controllers who tell the pilot what to do.

但區域管制員才是告訴飛行員該怎麼做的人。

If you think of the pilot as a rally driver, the area controller is the person who sits next to them and gives them detailed instructions at every turn.

如果你把飛行員想像成一位賽車手，區域管制員就是坐在他旁邊，在每一個轉彎時給予他詳細訓示的人。

In fact, pilots would never make any control decisions without the permission or clearance from area controllers.

事實上，飛行員在沒有區域管制員的許可或放行下，絕對不會做出任何操控決定。

Traffic for you just ahead of Your right wing, three miles northeast bound, 500 above.

你右翼前方三英里處，東北向，上方五百英尺的航管交通。

At its core, the job of an area controller is surprisingly ensure that aircraft maintain a safe lateral and vertical separation from each other during their flight.

區域管制員的核心工作，其實就是確保飛機在飛行過程中，彼此之間能保持安全的水準和垂直距離。

And this applies to a 1 ton Cessna as well as a 540 ton, a 380.

這項規定適用於一噸重的 Cessna，也適用於五百四十噸的 A380。

To control aircraft, area controllers use the geographical position that aircraft transponders broadcast throughout their flight.

為了控制飛機，區域管制員會利用飛機在整個飛行過程中廣播的地理位置資訊。

Then, using radios, they'll tell the pilot what they want him to do.

然後，他們會透過無線電告訴飛行員他們希望他做什麼。

Once the airplane is about to enter a new area, it's handed off by the current area controller to the next one.

當飛機即將進入新的空域時，就會由目前的區域管制員交接給下一個管制員。

There's essentially a chain of area controllers that each pilot has to go through until the airplane approaches its destination airport.

事實上，飛行員在抵達目的地機場前，需要經過一連串的區域管制員。

But of course, it's more complicated than that.

但當然，實際情況比這複雜得多。

If you look at the incoming traffic into the airport at any Given time, there are dozens of airplanes coming in from various directions.

如果你看看任何時候進場的機場交通，都會有數十架飛機從不同方向飛來。

But before they can land, they need to be funneled into a few manageable streams.

但在牠們能夠降落之前，需要被引導成分幾股可管理的氣流。

A subset of area controllers, known as approach controllers, deal exclusively with this type of air traffic.

區域管制員中的一個分支，稱為進場管制員，專門處理這類型的航管交通。

During the funneling process, the approach controllers sequence the airplanes so that not only they're safely spaced out, but

在引導的過程中，進場管制員會將飛機排序，確保它們不僅安全間隔，

also that they're coming in at the airport's landing capacity.

而且是以機場的降落容量進場。

For example, the Toronto airport can handle about one landing every minute, so the approach controllers would try to match that frequency.

舉例來說，多倫多機場大約每分鐘可以處理一次降落，所以進場管制員會試著配合這個頻率。

To create space between airplanes, the controller may ask the pilot to perform 1 of 3 Slow down the aircraft, circle around an area, or do what's known as vectoring, which essentially means changing the heading of the aircraft from its direct flight path.

為了在飛機之間創造空間，管制員可能會要求飛行員執行三種操作之一：減慢飛機速度、繞行某個區域，或是進行所謂的導航，這基本上是指改變飛機的航向，使其偏離直線飛行路徑。

Sometimes, flight delays just can't be avoided.

有時候，班機延誤是無法避免的。

But there is one thing that we can all avoid when traveling.

但有一件事是我們在旅行時都可以避免的。

For example, a little while ago, I was in the British Virgin Islands for a couple of weeks on the catamaran, which was amazing.

舉例來說，前陣子我在英國維京群島待了兩個星期，搭乘了很棒的雙體船。

But I still needed some Internet connectivity, which would have cost me a fortune in roaming fees.

但我還是需要網路連線，這在漫遊費上會花我一大筆錢。

But thanks to Saily, who sponsored us, I was able to take a break from being on a break in one of the most beautiful places I've ever been to.

但多虧了贊助我們的 Saily，我在這個我曾去過最美的地方之一，得以從休息中暫時休息。

The best part is that before my trip began, I downloaded the Saily app and logged into my account.

最棒的是，在我旅行開始前，我就下載了 Saily app 並登入了我的帳號。