Name: 馬爾他 🇦🇽｜歷史、地理、經濟與文化全解析！ (Malta - History, Geography, Economy and Culture)
Uploaded: 2026-02-04T15:27:56.000Z
Duration: 19 min 32 s

At the strategic heart of the Mediterranean lies a small group of islands.

地中海的戰略核心，坐落著一小群島嶼。

Their long history is a timeline in microcosm of that sea as a whole.

牠們的悠久歷史，就像是這片海域縮影的時光軸。

It has been ruled by Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Arabs, Sicilians, a religious military order, and the British.

這裡曾由腓尼基人、迦太基人、羅馬人、汪達爾人、阿拉伯人、西西里人、一個宗教軍事組織，以及英國人統治過。

Today, it lives on as a prosperous, urbanized and finally independent nation.

如今，它作為一個繁榮、都市化且最終獨立的國家而存在。

Malta is a small island nation situated in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea.

馬爾他是個位於地中海中部的小島國。

Composed of three main islands and several smaller ones.

由三個主要島嶼和幾個較小的島嶼組成。

Occupied and ruled across the ages by so many of the famous empires and nations in history, it has nonetheless maintained a culture that is today uniquely Maltese.

儘管歷代許多著名帝國和國家都曾佔領和統治過這裡，但它仍然保留了獨特馬爾他人今日的文化。

In this presentation, I'll look at Maltese history up to the present, its national organization and state, structure and symbols, its physical and human geography, and

在這個介紹中，我將探討馬爾他的歷史直到現在、其國家組織與國家、結構與象徵、其地理環境與人文地理，以及

If you like these country summary videos, then please be sure to hit the subscribe button so you don't miss future episodes.

如果你喜歡這類國家簡介影片，請務必按下訂閱按鈕，這樣你就不會錯過未來的節目。

The origin of the name of the country is uncertain.

這個國家的名字由來並不確定。

The more accepted etymology is from the Greek word for honey, meli.

比較被接受的詞源是來自希臘語中蜂蜜的意思，meli。

And the ancient Greeks, in calling the islands melite, meaning honey sweet, may have named them after their possible production of honey.

古希臘人稱這些島嶼為 melite，意思是蜂蜜般甜美，或許是根據牠們可能生產蜂蜜而命名的。

An alternative explanation may be from the old Phoenician word maleth, meaning harbour or port, supposedly named after the island's many natural harbours.

另一種說法可能來自古腓尼基語 maleth，意思是港口，據說是以島上眾多的天然港口命名的。

Malta's long and storied history goes back as far as any in Europe, with megaliths upon the island confirmed to be dated to at least 3600 BC and pottery remains as far back as 5200 BC.

馬爾他悠久且傳奇的歷史可以追溯到歐洲任何地方，島上的巨石陣被證實可追溯到至少公元前 3600 年，陶器殘骸則可追溯到公元前 5200 年。

One of the more curious remains of prehistoric peoples are the extensive series of grooves, possibly carved by tracks in the soft limestone at the so called Clapham junction site, named after a busy London railway station.

史前人類留下的較為奇特的遺跡之一，是一系列廣泛的溝槽，這些溝槽可能是由所謂的克拉彭交匯點（Clapham Junction site）的軟石灰岩上的軌道所雕刻而成，這個地點是以倫敦一個繁忙的火車站命名的。

Phoenician traders colonised the islands around 700 BC, using them as a way station on their trade routes from the eastern Mediterranean to the west and beyond into the Atlantic.

腓尼基商人約在西元前 700 年在這裡建立殖民地，將這裡作為他們從東地中海前往西方乃至大西洋貿易路線上的中轉站。

After the fall of Phoenicia to Alexander the Great In 332 BC, the islands came under the control of the former Phoenician colony Carthage.

西元前 332 年，腓尼基被亞歷山大大帝征服後，這些島嶼便落入了前腓尼基殖民地迦太基手中。

In their wars with the Romans, the Carthaginians lost, then retook Malta before the islands finally came under Roman rule in 218 BC.

在與羅馬人戰爭期間，迦太基人先是失去了馬爾他，然後又重新奪回，直到西元前 218 年，島嶼最終納入羅馬統治。

Under Roman governance lasting six centuries, Malta enjoyed a fair degree of autonomy as its own municipium, or free town.

在長達六個世紀的羅馬統治下，馬爾他享有相當大的自治權，成為一個獨立的市鎮，或自由城鎮。

Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire at the Beginning of the 5th century AD, Malta was occupied by first the Vandals and then the Ostrogoths.

西元 5 世紀初，西羅馬帝國崩潰後，馬爾他先是被汪達爾人佔領，接著又被東哥德人佔領。

Before being retaken for Rome by the surviving Eastern Roman Empire, today known as Byzantium.

在被現今稱為拜占庭的東羅馬帝國重新奪回羅馬之前。

The Byzantines would hold the islands for the next three centuries before they fell to the Arabs in 870 as part of their conquest of Sicily.

拜占庭人統治了這些島嶼三個世紀，直到西元 870 年，作為其征服西西里的一部分，島嶼落入阿拉伯人手中。

At the time, the Arabs would hold the islands for another two centuries until they were taken back into Christian hands by the Normans in 1091.

當時，阿拉伯人又統治了島嶼兩個世紀，直到西元 1091 年被諾曼人重新帶回基督教統治之下。

For the next five centuries, Malta passed peacefully between various European dynasties, especially those of Iberia, and

接下來的五個世紀，馬爾他和平地輾轉於各個歐洲王朝之間，尤其是伊比利亞的王朝，

became thoroughly Christian and westernised.

But in 1530, Maltese history took a more unique path when it was gifted by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V to the Knights Hospitaller, a religious, Catholic, Christian military order that had emerged during the Crusades against the Muslims of the previous century centuries, and

但到了 1530 年，馬爾他的歷史走向了一個更獨特的道路，當時神聖羅馬帝國皇帝查理五世將這裡贈送給了醫院騎士團，一個在對抗前幾個世紀穆斯林的十字軍東徵期間崛起的宗教性天主教基督教軍事組織，

who had been expelled from the Greek island of Rhodes by the Ottoman Turks a few years earlier.

他們在前幾年被鄂圖曼土耳其人從希臘羅德島驅逐出來。

Charles faith in the Knights proved to be well founded, as only a few decades later, in 1565, Malta was besieged by 40,000 Ottoman Turks.

查理對騎士團的信任被證明是很有根據的，因為幾十年後，也就是 1565 年，馬爾他被 40,000 名鄂圖曼土耳其人圍攻。

But under the leadership of their Grand Master, Jean Pariso de Valette, and

但在他們的總團長讓·帕裡索·德·瓦萊特 (Jean Pariso de Valette) 的領導下，

with the assistance of Spain and Sicily, the siege was repelled successfully, despite being outnumbered more than 4 to 1.

並在西班牙和西西里的協助下，儘管人數劣勢超過 4 比 1，圍城戰還是成功被擊退了。

Following this siege, the fortifications of the island were enhanced, especially around the inner harbour, and

這次圍城戰之後，島上的防禦工事得到加強，特別是內港周圍，

this new city was named in honour of the Grand Master that had pushed back the Ottomans the future capital of Valletta.

這座新城市為了紀念這位擊退鄂圖曼人的總團長，被命名為未來的首都瓦萊塔。

This was one of the many building projects the Knights undertook during their governance, and

這是騎士團在統治期間進行的眾多建築項目之一，

which has given the island today its distinctive architectural character.

這也賦予了這個島嶼如今獨特的建築特色。

They would rule Malta for almost the next three centuries and because of this association, became more commonly known as the Knights of Malta.

他們將統治馬爾他近三個世紀，也因為這層關係，他們更廣為人知的名字變成了馬爾他騎士團。

Their reign came to an end, as did so many changes in Europe with the Napoleonic Wars.

他們的統治也隨著拿破崙戰爭結束，就像歐洲許多地方一樣。

At the end of the 18th century, the religious military order's possessions in France had been seized in the secular French Revolution of 1789, and

在十八世紀末，這個宗教軍事騎士團在法國的財產，已經在1789年的法國大革命中被沒收了，

when the revolution's new leader, Napoleon, arrived in 1798, the knights surrendered without a fight.

到了1798年，當革命的新領導人拿破崙抵達時，騎士們不戰而降。

the occupying French forces were ousted in a local uprising with the assistance of Great Britain.

在英國的協助下，佔領的法國軍隊在一場地方起義中被驅逐。

An international treaty two years later would have returned the islands to the Knights, but

兩年後的一項國際條約本應將島嶼歸還給騎士團，但

The Knights had never really integrated with the locals and in the latter centuries had become unpopular.

騎士團從未真正融入當地人，在後來的幾個世紀裡變得不受歡迎。

Instead, the Maltese requested protection from the British under the condition that they could not later cede the islands to any other power, but

取而代之的是，馬爾他人請求英國的保護，條件是他們不能將島嶼轉讓給任何其他國家，

instead hand the islands back to the locals.

In the closing stages of the Napoleonic Wars, Malta was officially passed to the British Empire as a colony in the Treaty of Paris in 1814.

在拿破崙戰爭的最後階段，根據1814年的《巴黎條約》，馬爾他正式成為英國帝國的殖民地。

Malta's position in the heart of the Mediterranean served British interests greatly as it became a resupply station for ships passing through the suez Canal from 1869 on their way to British India.

馬爾他位於地中海中心的位置，對英國的利益助益良多，從1869年起，這裡成為船隻行經蘇伊士運河前往英屬印度時的補給站。

For the next century and a half of British rule, the relations between them and the locals was mixed with autonomy given in 1921 and then revoked again in 1933, for instance over local protests regarding the imposition of the English language in schools.

在接下來一個半世紀的英國統治期間，他們與當地居民的關係可說是好壞參半，1921年給予了自治權，但又在1933年被撤銷，例如當時就因為學校強制使用英語而引發了當地人的抗議。

It was during World War II, however, that perhaps Malta's greatest hour came.

然而，或許是馬爾他最輝煌的時刻，是在第二次世界大戰期間。

Surrounded on all sides by the Axis powers of Germany and Italy, the islands withstood relentless bombing from enemy air attacks throughout the war.

這些島嶼被德國和義大利的軸心國團團包圍，在整個戰爭期間，他們承受了敵機猛烈的轟炸。

Perhaps the most famous incident was on the 9th of April 1942, when the dome of the Rotunda of Moster was pierced by a German Luftwaffe high explosive bomb which then failed to detonate.

最著名的事件或許發生在1942年4月9日，當時一顆德國空軍的高爆彈擊中了莫斯塔圓頂教堂的穹頂，但幸運的是，它沒有引爆。

300 people were in the church at the time awaiting the evening mass.

當時教堂裡有300人在等待晚彌撒。

No one was injured and the locals hailed it as a miracle.

沒有人受傷，當地人將此視為一個奇蹟。

Despite six years of bombing, the islands held to honour the bravery of the people of Malta.

儘管遭受了六年的轟炸，這些島嶼仍然堅守著，彰顯了馬爾他人民的英勇。

During this time they were collectively given the George Cross, the British Empire's highest civilian decoration and normally only given to individual acts of bravery.

在這段期間，他們被集體授予了喬治十字勳章，這是英國帝國最高的平民勳章，通常只頒發給個人英勇事蹟。

The Maltese wear this award with pride in their flag and coat of arms.

馬爾他人以這項獎章為榮，將其融入國旗和國徽。

Today, in its heroic defence during that very modern war, Malta continued its tradition as an impregnable island fortress from past centuries into recent history.

今天，馬爾他在那場現代戰爭中的英勇防禦，延續了其作為堅不可摧島嶼堡壘的傳統，從過去幾個世紀一直延續到近代歷史。

Britain eventually honoured the terms of their protectorate with the Maltese people in 1964, handing back the islands to the locals.

英國最終於1964年兌現了與馬爾他人簽訂的保護條款，將島嶼歸還給當地居民。

When Malta became an independent state in 1987, a neutrality clause was included in its constitution guaranteeing geopolitical non alignment.

1987年，當馬爾他成為獨立國家時，其憲法中加入了一項中立條款，保證地緣政治上的不結盟。

However, Malta today is a republic within the British Commonwealth as well as a member of the European Union.

然而，今日的馬爾他既是英聯邦內的共和國，也是歐洲聯盟的成員國。

These last two concepts being in the EU and the Commonwealth but also non aligned might sound paradoxical and this is because of the polarized struggle between the two main political parties of Malta since independence.

歐盟和英聯邦成員國同時又不結盟這兩個概念聽起來可能有些矛盾，這是因為自獨立以來，馬爾他兩大主要政黨之間存在著兩極化的鬥爭。

The centre left Labour Party which favours Maltese non alignment and independence, geopolitically contrasts with the centre right nationalist party favouring alignment with the west and which was instrumental in the push for Malta to joining the eu, a stalemate that was finally settled by a relatively close referendum just before its accession in 2003.

左翼工黨主張馬爾他保持不結盟和獨立，在地緣政治上與右翼國家黨形成對比，後者主張與西方結盟，並在推動馬爾他加入歐盟方面發揮了重要作用，這種僵局最終在2003年加入歐盟前的一次相對接近的公投中得到解決。

The unicameral parliament of 65 members elected for five year terms is modelled on the British Westminster system.

擁有65名成員的單院制議會任期五年，仿效英國的西敏寺制度。

While the elected president is the head of state, that is largely a ceremonial role with executive power coming from the Prime Minister who is the leader of the largest political party in parliament.

雖然民選總統是國家元首，但這主要是一個儀式性角色，行政權力來自總理，總理是議會中最大政黨的領導人。

Malta has the highest voluntary voter turnout of any country in the world.

馬爾他的志願投票率是全球最高的。

In terms of Local GOVERNMENT Malta is divided into 68 local councils that deal with typical municipal and city issues.

在地方政府方面，馬爾他分為68個地方議會，負責處理典型的市政和城市事務。

The majority of these are within the Greater Valletta area in this highly urbanised island nation.

在高度都市化的島國馬爾他，大部分議會都位於大瓦萊塔地區。

In the Cato Institute's latest Human Freedom Index, Malta scores Well, being ranked 24th most free country overall.

在Cato Institute最新的人權自由指數中，馬爾他表現良好，整體排名第24個最自由的國家。

The flag of Malta is a white and red bicolor with the George Cross top left.

馬爾他的國旗是紅白雙色，左上角有喬治十字勳章。

The red and white colours were once believed to be from Roger of Sicily, who conquered the islands from the Arabs in 1091, but

過去人們認為紅白顏色來自西西里人羅傑，他在1091年從阿拉伯人手中征服了這些島嶼，但

this has recently been debunked as a myth.

The red and white colours of the Knights of Malta are the more likely source.

馬爾他騎士團的紅白顏色更有可能是來源。

The coat of arms depicts the flag on a central shield with the fortifications of the island acting as a crown, while wreaths of olive and palm leaves flank each side.

盾徽描繪了國旗在中央盾牌上，島嶼的防禦工事作為皇冠，兩側則有橄欖和棕櫚葉花圈。

The bottom ribbon reads Republic of Malta in the Maltese language.

底部的綬帶用馬爾他語寫著「馬爾他共和國」。

Malta is situated in the central Mediterranean in a strategic narrow gap between the island of Sicily and and the North African coast of Tunisia.

馬爾他位於地中海中部，在西西里島和北非突尼西亞海岸之間一個策略性的狹窄通道上。

At a latitude of 36 degrees north, the three inhabited islands, Malta, Gozo and Comino account for virtually all of the total land area of 315 square kilometers.

在北緯36度，馬爾他、戈佐和科米諾這三個有人居住的島嶼，佔了總面積315平方公里的絕大部分。

The road and ferry journey of 53 kilometers from the northwest to the southeast extreme would take about two hours.

從西北到東南極點，全長53公里的公路和渡輪旅程大約需要兩小時。

The base of the islands is limestone, a waterable, permeable rock that accounts for the complex of inlets and natural harbours that, with the island's strategic position, have made it such a desirable base among sea powers.

島嶼的基底是石灰岩，這種可滲水、可溶於水的岩石造就了眾多海灣和天然港口，再加上島嶼的戰略位置，使其成為各海洋強權覬覦的基地。

The local buildings cut from the pale rock produce the lightness of colour that dominates the city of Valletta as a whole.

當地建築由淺色岩石開鑿而成，造就了瓦萊塔整座城市主導的明亮色彩。

Along with providing white sand beaches between the cliffs that otherwise dominate the coastline.

同時也提供了懸崖間的白色沙灘，否則懸崖將主宰海岸線。

These cliffs around the island further enhance the island's ability to act as a fortress.

島嶼周圍的這些懸崖進一步增強了島嶼作為堡壘的能力。

The climate is Mediterranean in the koppen system, with hot, dry summers and mild wet winters.

氣候屬於柯本系統下的地中海氣候，夏季炎熱乾燥，冬季溫和濕潤。

With more than 3,000 hours of sunshine per year, it is one of the sunniest places in Europe.

每年有超過3000小時的日照，是歐洲陽光最充足的地方之一。

But the downside is a lack of water supply.

A densely populated island nation with no permanent streams in a climate that sees almost no rain for half the year, meant that the country had to embark on a program of desalination of seawater and to meet the population's water needs.

一個人口稠密、沒有永久溪流、氣候半年幾乎不下雨的島國，意味著國家必須展開海水淡化計畫，以滿足人口用水需求。

While the natural biome is one of Mediterranean scrub of hardy shrubs and grasses known as maquis and garig, little of this remains.

雖然島上的自然生態是地中海灌木叢，像是堅韌的矮樹叢和草本植物，統稱為 maquis 和 garigue，但這些景觀如今已所剩無幾。

With more than two thirds of the country urbanised, so much of the country is built up that it is often referred to as a city state.

由於超過三分之二的國家已都市化，大部分地區都已開發，是以常被稱為「城邦」。

With a population of just over half a million squeezed onto a small Set of islands.

僅五十多萬人口擠在這一小群島嶼上。

Malta's population density of 1600 people per square kilometer makes it the fifth most densely populated country in the world.

馬爾他每平方公里一千六百人的高人口密度，使其成為世界上人口密度第五高的國家。

This population is made up mostly of Maltese natives, with a small minority of British and EU retirees.

人口組成大多是馬爾他人，少數則是英國和歐盟的退休人士。

Malta has two official languages, English and Maltese.

馬爾他共有兩種官方語言：英語和馬爾他語。

The latter is a rather unique language of Semitic I.e.

後者是一種相當獨特的閃米特語，

of Middle Eastern origin, being a mix of medieval Romance, Sicilian and Arabic.

也就是中東起源的語言，融合了中世紀的羅曼語、西西里語和阿拉伯語。

It is the only Semitic language that uses the Latin Alphabet and the only official Semitic language within the EU.

它是唯一使用拉丁字母的閃米特語，也是歐盟境內唯一的官方閃米特語。

About 90% of the population can speak Maltese, while 96% can speak English, 62% Italian and 20% French, making it one of the most multilingual countries in Europe.

大約90%的人口會說馬爾他語，96%會說英語，62%會說義大利語，20%會說法語，讓這裡成為歐洲最多語言的國家之一。

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馬爾他 🇦🇽｜歷史、地理、經濟與文化全解析！ (Malta - History, Geography, Economy and Culture)

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