Name: 醫生真的會鑽開你的頭？揭開 20 世紀最恐怖的精神醫療手術真相！ (They "Cured" You with a Spike to the Brain ?)
Uploaded: 2026-01-21T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 3 min 53 s

Imagine suffering from OCD or severe depression,

想像一下，你正飽受強迫症或重度憂鬱症所苦，

confiding in your doctor about it, and then they just bust out a drill aimed directly at your noggin.

向醫生傾訴這些狀況，結果他卻直接拿出一支鑽頭，對準你的腦袋。

Well, if you suffered from a mental illness in the early 1900s,

但如果你是在 20 世紀初患有精神疾病，

doctors might have "treated" you with something called a lobotomy.

醫生可能真的會用一種叫做「腦葉切除術」的方式來「治療」你。

你可能會問，他們到底為什麼要這樣做？

Lobotomies sound kind of scary, and they honestly were.

腦葉切除術聽起來很可怕，而事實上也確實如此。

In this archaic procedure, physicians broke the connections between the frontal lobe and the thalamus,

在這種過時的手術中，醫生會切斷額葉與丘腦之間的連結，

because the frontal lobe is responsible for functions like language, voluntary motion, and cognition.

因為額葉負責語言、隨意動作以及認知等功能。

And the thalamus relays information to your cerebral cortex, where function is carried out.

而丘腦則負責將訊息傳送到執行功能的大腦皮質。

Scientists believe that severing the neural fibers between them would stop abnormal behavior.

科學家相信，切斷兩者之間的神經纖維能夠阻止異常行為。

This was originally accomplished through open brain surgery until the 1930s,

最早是透過開顱手術來完成這個過程，直到 1930 年代，

when the less invasive leucotomy was developed.

較不具侵入性的白質切開術才被研發出來。

That first involved drilling through the skull.

這種方式一開始仍需要在頭骨上鑽孔。

Some doctors modified this further by inserting an ice pick through the eye socket

有些醫生甚至進一步改良，從眼窩插入冰錐，

or a chemical that would harden the neural fibers.

或注入會使神經纖維硬化的化學物質。

Doesn't this sound like something from a Saw movie?

這是不是聽起來很像《奪魂鋸》裡的情節？

Of course, having your brain messed with comes with loads of bad side effects.

當然，對大腦動手腳會帶來大量嚴重的副作用。

These included bleeding, infection, dementia, intellectual impairment,

包括出血、感染、失智、智能受損，

apathy, epilepsy, incontinence, and death.

冷漠、癲癇、失禁，甚至死亡。

And yet, despite their gruesome methods and terrible outcomes,

然而，儘管手段殘忍、結果悲慘，

lobotomies were super popular in the 1930s and 40s.

腦葉切除術在 1930、40 年代卻非常流行。

They were performed on tens of thousands of people across the world.

全球有數以萬計的人接受過這種手術。

And the man who invented the laconomy was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1949.

而發明這項手術的人，甚至在 1949 年獲得了諾貝爾獎。

I'm sure you're thinking, "Why on earth would anyone do that to someone?"

你一定會想：「到底為什麼會有人對別人做這種事？」

Back then, there were no drugs for mental health disorders,

在當時，根本沒有治療精神疾病的藥物，

Mental hospitals and asylums were overcrowded with people suffering from severe symptoms.

精神病院與療養院人滿為患，病患症狀十分嚴重。

These often included those with OCD, severe depressive illness,

其中常見的包括強迫症、重度憂鬱症，

psychosis, psychopathy, and schizophrenia.

精神病、反社會人格，以及思覺失調症。

The procedure was intended to calm these patients

這項手術的目的，是讓病人冷靜下來，

and reduce their aggression so they could live at home.

減少攻擊性，好讓他們能回家生活。

However, at the time, the term mental illness encompassed a wide range of behaviors,

然而在當時，「精神疾病」這個詞涵蓋的行為範圍非常廣，

including intellectual disability, homosexuality, and committing a crime.

包括智能障礙、同性戀，甚至是犯罪行為。

But the group most often subjected to a lobotomy was women,

但最常被施以腦葉切除術的，其實是女性，

even though mental hospitals contained more male patients.

儘管精神病院中的男性病患更多。

At one hospital in the US, 85% of the lobotomies performed were on women.

在美國某間醫院，85% 的腦葉切除手術是對女性進行的。

In another analysis of two main proponents of the procedure,

另一項針對兩位主要推動者的分析也顯示，

女性占了 75% 的腦葉切除病患。

And in most cases, their symptoms were simply apprehension or insomnia.

而在多數情況下，她們的症狀只是焦慮或失眠。

Due to the many severe side effects and overuse,

由於嚴重的副作用與過度使用，

lobotomy critics think it's clear that this treatment is for the public and not for the patient.

批評者認為這種治療是為了社會，而不是為了病人。

Luckily, once antipsychotic medications were developed in the 1950s,

幸好，隨著 1950 年代抗精神病藥物的出現，

In the US, lobotomy is still legal, although many states have heavy restrictions on it.

在美國，腦葉切除術至今仍屬合法，但多數州有嚴格限制。

The last known one took place in 1967 and resulted in the death of the patient.

最後一例已知的手術發生在 1967 年，並導致病人死亡。

Now to something less depressing and more exciting.

接下來換個沒那麼沉重、比較有趣的內容。

In December, we're going to do a Viewer's Choice video series.

12 月我們將推出「觀眾選題」影片系列。

So leave a comment on a video topic you want us to cover and we'll pick a few to do an episode on.

請留言告訴我們你想看的主題，我們會挑選幾個來拍。

Comment or leave a like on the ones you think would be the most interesting.

也可以幫你覺得最有趣的主題留言或按讚。

Click here to watch this video we did on how your brain might be broken.

點這裡觀看我們之前做的「你的大腦可能壞掉了」這支影片。

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醫生真的會鑽開你的頭？揭開 20 世紀最恐怖的精神醫療手術真相！ (They "Cured" You with a Spike to the Brain ?)

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