Name: 委內瑞拉到底發生了什麼事？接下來又會怎樣？| BBC News (Venezuela: What happened and what's next? | BBC News)
Uploaded: 2026-01-13T17:25:07.000Z
Duration: 10 min 49 s

That's how long it took the US to seize Venezuela's former leader Nicolas Maduro and his wife from their safe house in the Venezuelan capital Caracas.

這就是美軍從委內瑞拉首都加拉加斯的一處安全屋，逮捕委內瑞拉前領導人尼古拉斯·馬杜羅和他妻子的時間。

But Operation Absolute Resolve had been finalized in early December.

不過 Operation Absolute Resolve 早在十二月初就已經定案了。

US troops had even created an exact full size replica of the house to practice entry routes.

美軍甚至還打造了一個一比一的房子複製品來練習進入路線。

Late on Friday night, local time, the mission began.

任務在週五深夜，當地時間，開始執行。

At first, there were loud explosions in Caracas around 2am on Saturday morning.

一開始，週六凌晨兩點左右，加拉加斯傳來巨大的爆炸聲。

Then videos showing aircraft and explosions started to emerge.

接著出現了顯示飛機和爆炸的影片。

As the strikes were happening, US forces made their way to the city.

在打擊進行的同時，美軍也朝市區前進。

More than 150 aircraft were used to get the extraction team there.

為了讓撤離小組抵達，出動了一百五十多架飛機。

Officials say they targeted air defense systems and military targets.

官員表示，他們的目標是防空系統和軍事目標。

We geolocated at least five locations from videos available online.

我們從網路上找到的影片，至少標定了五個地點。

Among the team was Delta Force, the US military's top special mission unit.

這個小組裡有美國軍方最頂尖的特種任務單位 Delta Force。

Shortly after the strikes began, they reached the safe house after a CIA source who had infiltrated Venezuela's government helped the US track Maduro's location.

打擊開始後不久，一名 CIA 的線人滲透進入委內瑞拉政府，協助美軍追蹤馬杜羅的位置，他們隨後抵達了安全屋。

It was at Fuerte Tiuna, a huge military complex where top government officials live.

那是在 Fuerte Tiuna，一個頂級政府官員居住的大型軍事區。

According to Venezuelan officials, photos the next day showed bombed out buildings and charred, smoldering cars.

根據委內瑞拉官員的說法，隔天的照片顯示了炸毀的建築以及燒焦、冒煙的汽車。

The former Venezuelan president attempted to flee to a safe room but didn't make it in time.

前委內瑞拉總統試圖逃往安全室，但來不及了。

The Cuban government later said that 32 of its nationals were killed during the operation.

古巴政府後來表示，有 32 名古巴國民在這次行動中喪生。

Cuba has for years supplied Maduro with his personal security detail and his members in the Venezuelan military.

古巴多年來一直為馬杜羅提供個人安全團隊，以及在委內瑞拉軍隊中的成員。

At least 23 Venezuelan military personnel were also killed in the operation.

這次行動中，至少還有 23 名委內瑞拉軍事人員喪生。

Maduro, handcuffed with headphones and a blindfold on a ship called the USS Iwo Jima on the way to the US at the office of the US Drug Enforcement Administration in New York.

馬杜羅，戴著手銬、耳機和眼罩，在一艘名為 USS Iwo Jima 的船上，正前往美國紐約的美國緝毒局辦公室。

And in court pleading not guilty to charges including narco terrorism.

並在法庭上對包括毒梟恐怖主義在內的指控，表示不認罪。

但我們是怎麼走到這一步的呢？

First you're going to need to know a quick history of Nicolas Maduro.

首先，你需要快速瞭解一下尼古拉斯·馬杜羅的歷史。

He's the leader of the United Socialist Party and became president in 2013, taking over from his mentor Hugo Chavez.

他是委內瑞拉統一社會黨的領導人，並於 2013 年接替他的導師烏戈·查維茲成為總統。

Nicolas Maduro was trained and sort of formed ideologically in Cuba when he was a union leader.

尼古拉斯·馬杜羅在擔任工會領袖期間，於古巴接受訓練並在思想上形成。

He's got close ties with the Castro brothers and subsequently with Cuban President Miguel Diaz Canel.

他與卡斯楚兄弟關係密切，隨後也與古巴總統迪亞斯-卡內爾關係密切。

the US and many other nations say the election was rigged and his presidency illegitimate.

美國和許多其他國家表示，這次選舉被操縱，他的總統任期是非法的。

He's increasingly repressed opposition groups and supporters and silenced any dissent in Venezuela, including with the use of violence.

他越來越壓制反對派團體和支持者，並壓制委內瑞拉的任何異議，包括使用暴力。

Nearly 8 million Venezuelans have left the country over the past decade, driven out by economic crisis, widespread shortages and political repression.

近八百萬委內瑞拉人在過去十年離開了這個國家，原因是經濟危機、普遍的短缺和政治壓迫。

The country has been in an intense humanitarian crisis.

這個國家一直處於嚴峻的人道危機之中。

There has been extreme poverty, inflation, shortages of crucial things like medical supplies.

出現了極端貧困、通貨膨脹，以及醫療用品等關鍵物品的短缺。

Many feel like this is not just the result of economic mismanagement, mismanagement of resources, but

許多人覺得這不只是經濟管理不善、資源管理不善的結果，

Last year, on 8 August, the US doubled the reward for information leading to the arrest of Nicolas Maduro, up to $50 million.

去年八月八日，美國將逮捕尼古拉斯·馬杜羅的懸賞金加倍至五千萬美元。

The charges, including narco terrorism, corruption and drug trafficking, had been leveled against him in 2020, during Trump's first term.

包括毒品恐怖主義、貪腐和毒品販運在內的指控，早在 2020 年川普第一任期內就已對他提出。

In 2025, they accused him of being one of the largest narco traffickers in the world.

2025 年，他們指控他是世界上最大的毒品販運者之一。

Venezuela's Foreign minister, Africa, said the new reward was pathetic, calling it political propaganda.

委內瑞拉外交部長 Africa 表示，新的懸賞金很可笑，稱這是政治宣傳。

Nicolas Maduro undoubtedly presided over a very, very corrupt government, very corrupt regime, very corrupt armed forces, and

尼古拉斯·馬杜羅無疑領導了一個非常、非常腐敗的政府、非常腐敗的政權、非常腐敗的軍隊，

The argument by Washington, by the Trump administration, is that he himself is a drug cartel leader.

華盛頓、川普政府的論點是，他本人就是一個毒品集團的首腦。

Maduro has always rejected US claims that he's directly involved in drug trafficking.

馬杜羅一直否認美國指控他直接參與毒品販運。

Then, during the last couple of weeks of August, the US started moving warships into waters just off Venezuela.

接著，在八月的最後幾週，美國開始將軍艦調往委內瑞拉附近海域。

On 2 September, Trump said 11 narco terrorists had been killed in a US strike on an alleged drug trafficking vessel from Venezuela.

9月2日，川普表示，在一次針對據稱來自委內瑞拉的毒品販運船隻的美國打擊行動中，有11名毒梟恐怖分子被擊斃。

This was the start of months of strikes announced on social media carried out against what the US say were terrorists attempting to bring drugs into the country by boat.

這開啟了為期數月、在社群媒體上宣佈的打擊行動，對象是美國聲稱試圖乘船將毒品帶入國內的恐怖分子。

The posts often included grainy video clips with no evidence of alleged drug trafficking and few details on who or what was on board.

這些貼文經常包含模糊的影片片段，沒有任何所謂毒品販運的證據，也幾乎沒有關於船上人員或物品的細節。

More than 35 strikes have been launched in the Pacific and Caribbean, killing more than 110 people.

在太平洋和加勒比海地區已發動了超過35次打擊，造成超過110人死亡。

我們在這裡標示了其中幾次打擊的地點。

With the exception of two survivors, a Colombian and an Ecuadorian national, none of the identities of those on board have been made public.

除了兩名倖存者，一名哥倫比亞籍和一名厄瓜多籍人士外，船上其他人的身分均未公開。

Some experts say the strikes could violate laws governing armed conflict.

有些專家表示，這些打擊行動可能違反武裝衝突的相關法律。

The first attack by the US back on 2 September drew particular scrutiny as there was not one but two strikes, with survivors of the first killed in the second.

美國在9月2日發動的第一次攻擊受到特別嚴格的審查，因為有兩次打擊，第一波的倖存者在第二次攻擊中喪生。

Several legal experts told the BBC that the second strike on the boat by the US military was probably illegal and would likely be considered an extrajudicial killing under international law.

多位法律專家告訴BBC，美軍對該船發動的第二次攻擊很可能違法，並可能被視為國際法下的法外處決。

The White House said it had acted in line with the laws of armed conflict to protect the US from cartels trying to bring poison to our shores, destroying American lives.

白宮表示，他們已依循武裝衝突法採取行動，以保護美國免受試圖將毒品帶到我們海岸、摧毀美國人生命的販毒集團侵害。

By 11 November, a US naval strike force arrived in the Caribbean, including guided missile destroyers and among it the world's largest warship, USS Gerald R.

到了11月11日，一支美國海軍打擊部隊抵達加勒比海，其中包括導彈驅逐艦，以及世界上最大的軍艦——雷根號。

Ford, which carried more than 4,000 troops and dozens of aircraft.

福特號，這艘軍艦載有超過4,000名美軍和數十架飛機。

They joined a substantial military force already there, including thousands of troops and a nuclear powered submarine.

他們加入了一個已在那裡的大規模軍事力量，包括數千名美軍和一艘核動力潛艦。

On 24 November, the US designated Cartel de los Soles, a terrorist organization at the time.

11月24日，美國將當時的恐怖組織「太陽神集團」列為目標。

They also alleged that Maduro headed the cartel, an accusation he has strongly denied.

他們還指控馬杜羅領導該集團，但馬杜羅強烈否認這項指控。

On 10 December, the US released clips showing what they say was the US military state seizing an oil tanker near Venezuela.

到了12月11日，美國公佈了一段影片，顯示美軍扣押了一艘在委內瑞拉附近的油輪。

The White House said it'd been involved in illicit oil shipping.

白宮表示，這艘油輪涉及非法運油。

The Venezuelan government said the US Kidnapped the crew and stole the ship.

委內瑞拉政府則指控美國綁架船員並竊取船隻。

A few days later, a total and complete US blockade of all sanctioned oil tankers entering and leaving Venezuela.

幾天後，美國全面封鎖所有進出委內瑞拉的受制裁油輪。

At the time, more than 30 of the 80 ships in Venezuelan waters or approaching the country were under U.S.

根據TankerTrackers.com的數據，當時在委內瑞拉水域或接近該國的80艘船中，有超過30艘受到美國的制裁。

sanctions, according to data compiled by TankerTrackers.com after the tanker was seized, multiple new U.S.

在油輪被扣押後，美國針對運載委內瑞拉石油的船隻發布了多項新的制裁。

sanctions on ships carrying Venezuelan oil were issued.

A second oil tanker was seized on 21 December.

12月29日，美國表示已對一個與所謂委內瑞拉毒品船有關聯的碼頭區發動打擊，

On 29 December, the US said they'd carried out a strike on a dock area linked to alleged Venezuelan drug boats, but

但他們沒有提供任何細節或地點。

they didn't give any details or a location.

The explosion was caused by drone strike carried out by the CIA, according to CNN and the New York Times, who cited sources close to the matter.

CNN 和紐約時報引述知情人士的說法，指出爆炸是由 CIA 發動的無人機打擊所致。

And that brings us to the 3rd of January, when the US seized Nicolas Maduro from Venezuela.

接著來到 1 月 3 日，美國逮捕了委內瑞拉的 Nicolas Maduro。

So why did this all happen and what other basis does President Trump have to claim oil from Venezuela?

那麼，這一切發生了什麼事？川普總統還有什麼理由可以聲稱擁有委內瑞拉的石油呢？

Well, the US Is still saying this is about a couple of things, that it's about drug trafficking, but

嗯，美國方面仍然表示這跟幾件事有關，其中是毒品販運，但

also now very much saying that this is about oil.

現在也大力表示這跟石油有關。

Donald Trump has repeatedly used this phrase where he says that Venezuela stole U.S. oil.

川普一再說過一句話，他表示委內瑞拉偷了美國的石油。

Now, what he seems to be referring to there, that when Venezuela's oil industry was nationalized, there were some US companies who either had their contracts terminated or changed, meaning some of them had to put out of the country.

他在這裡似乎指的是，當委內瑞拉的石油產業被國有化時，有些美國公司的合約被終止或變更，這意味著有些公司被迫離開該國。

Some of them still feel that they are owed millions and millions of dollars of compensation they didn't receive after that happened, which seems to be the basis behind Donald Trump's claim.

有些公司仍然覺得他們損失了數百萬美元的賠償，在事情發生後他們沒有收到，這似乎是川普聲稱的基礎。

Naomi，這有聽起來那麼簡單嗎？

There are a number of concerns that all companies have at the moment.

Is it going to be risky if they invest in this country, if there could well be more political, social, economic turmoil in the years ahead?

如果他們投資這個國家，未來幾年可能會出現更多的政治、社會、經濟動盪，這樣會不會有風險？

Two is a lack of infrastructure and investment.

It's expected it could take years before the infrastructure in Venezuela is really restored to the levels that it once was when some of these companies were operating there.

預計委內瑞拉的基礎設施要真正恢復到這些公司曾經營運時的水準，可能需要好幾年。

There are concerns and there have been historical examples where There have been, for example, hostage taking connected with oil companies in Venezuela.

有顧慮，也有歷史上的例子，例如過去曾發生過與委內瑞拉的石油公司有關的綁架事件。

I think there are, there are concerns about whether there would be a backlash to US Companies operating in the region from people who don't think that Venezuela's resources should be sold to the United States.

我認為大家擔心美國公司在這裡營運，會不會因為有些人認為委內瑞拉的資源不應該賣給美國，而遭到反彈。

Well, there are obviously a few things to go through here.

嗯，這裡顯然有幾件事情需要釐清。

Nicolas Maduro is gone, but his inner circle, key figures of his regime are still in place.

尼可拉斯·馬杜羅已經不在了，但他的核心圈子，他政權的關鍵人物都還在位。

Well, let's look at who's become president.

It's Delcey Rodriguez, that was his vice president.

是德爾西·羅德里格斯，他以前是副總統。

He was the man who promoted her to that role.

他就是提拔她擔任這個職位的人。

She'd held, held a whole variety of roles before then, first under Ogo Chavez and then under Nicolas Maduro for the Chavistas, a line has been very, very clearly crossed.

在此之前，她曾擔任過各種職位，先是在烏戈·查維斯手下，然後是在尼可拉斯·馬杜羅手下，對於查維斯派來說，這條底線已經被非常、非常清楚地越過了。

They're furious that Washington will have done this in the 21st century, would have hit another country in the Western hemisphere with airstrikes, would have removed a sitting president from power.

他們對華盛頓在 21 世紀這樣做感到非常憤怒，竟然對西半球的另一個國家發動空襲，將在任總統趕下臺。

And I think even those who would say, well, this man might have been in power, but

我認為即使是那些會說，嗯，這個人可能在位，但是

he was there legitimately, he should be gone, would be reticent about the way that it was done.

他的權力是合法的，他應該下臺，也會對這樣做的方式感到猶豫。

The truth of the matter is that Washington displayed this awesome power that everybody knew they possessed.

實際上，華盛頓展示了大家知道他們擁有的那種令人敬畏的力量。