Name: 什麼是國際刑事法院？美國為何威脅要對它實施新制裁？| 路透社 (What is the ICC, and why is the US threatening new sanctions on it? | REUTERS)
Uploaded: 2025-12-13T16:53:46.000Z
Duration: 3 min 4 s

The Trump administration wants the International Criminal Court to ensure it does not investigate the US President or his top officials by changing the court's founding document.

川普政府希望國際刑事法院透過修改法院的創立文件，確保不調查美國總統或其高階官員。

That's according to a Trump official who says the court faces new US Sanctions if it doesn't comply with that demand.

這是一位川普政府官員的說法，他表示如果法院不遵守這項要求，將面臨新的美國制裁。

The court has long been criticized by the US as infringing on its sovereignty, and

長久以來，美國一直批評該法院侵犯其主權，而且

Washington has never been a member state.

But what is the icc and how does it work?

但 ICC 是什麼？又是如何運作的呢？

The ICC acts as a court of last resort with the power to prosecute heads of state.

國際刑事法院扮演著最後訴訟法院的角色，有權起訴國家元首。

That founding document Trump officials want changed.

這就是川普政府官員想修改的創立文件。

The ICC Rome Statute asks all 124 states that have signed it to arrest and hand over anyone subject to an ICC arrest warrant if they set foot on their territory.

國際刑事法院的羅馬規約要求所有簽署的 124 個國家，一旦被國際刑事法院發出逮捕令的人出現在其領土上，就必須逮捕並移交。

But as Jerry Simpson, law professor at the London School of Economics, points out, the court has no enforcement mechanism, which is why individuals accused of war crimes rarely face trial.

但倫敦政治經濟學院的法律教授 Jerry Simpson 指出，該法院沒有執行機制，這也是為何被指控犯下戰爭罪的個人很少面臨審判。

It's very hard to enforce an arrest warrant.

We've been here before with the South Africans in Al Bashir in Sudan, and

我們之前在蘇丹的阿爾巴希爾事件中也遇過南非，

there the court didn't even make an order.

So then what goes on when states don't comply with the court?

那如果國家不遵守法院的命令，會發生什麼事呢？

If a country doesn't arrest someone, they're obliged to.

如果一個國家不逮捕某人，他們是有義務這麼做的。

They get referred back to the ICC's member states and ultimately to the UN Security Council.

他們會被轉介回國際刑事法院的成員國，最終到聯合國安理會。

But the court can't do much else than that, in the example of Omar Al Bashir, the Sudanese president in indicted in 2009 for genocide in Darfur.

但在被控犯下種族滅絕罪的蘇丹總統奧馬爾·阿爾巴希爾（Omar Al Bashir）的案例中，法院能做的就這麼多了，他於2009年被起訴。

He stayed in office for a decade after his warrant before being toppled in a coup, all while traveling to several ICC members, including Kenya, Jordan, and

在被推翻政變之前，他還在任內十年，期間曾前往包括肯亞、約旦和

South Africa, who all declined to detain him.

南非在內的幾個國際刑事法院成員國，但這些國家都拒絕拘留他。

If the state party fails to comply with an arrest warrant, the case can go before the court, and

如果締約國未能遵守逮捕令，案件可以提交給法院，

the court can then order the state party to comply and can refer the matter to what's called the assembly of State Parties, or ultimately the Security Council, if it's the Security Council that first referred the matter.

法院接著可以命令締約國遵守，並將此事轉介給所謂的締約國大會，或者最終轉介給安理會，如果最初是安理會轉介此事的。

So the icc, the court itself, really can't do a great deal.

所以國際刑事法院本身能做的真的不多。

So why is the demand coming now from the Trump administration?

那為什麼川普政府現在會提出這個要求呢？

The Trump official who spoke to Reuters did not say what issues the administration worries could become the subject of an ICC investigation, and

向路透社發言的川普政府官員沒有說明該政府擔心哪些議題可能成為國際刑事法院調查的對象，並且

declined to say when Washington began making its demand to the court.

拒絕透露華盛頓是何時開始向法院提出要求的。

But the official also cited what they called open chatter in the international legal community that the court could target Trump and his top officials in 2029, when the Republican president's term ends starting in September.

但該官員也引用了他們所稱的國際法律界公開的討論，認為法院可能會在2029年，也就是這位共和黨總統的任期於九月開始結束時，將目標鎖定川普及其高級官員。

The US military has killed more than 80 people in deadly strikes against suspected drug vessels in the Caribbean and off the Pacific coasts of Latin America.

美國軍方在加勒比海和拉丁美洲太平洋沿岸針對可疑毒品船隻發動致命襲擊，造成超過80人死亡。

When asked if the administration was making its demands of the ICC over worries the court may pursue charges in relation US Conduct in Venezuela, the Trump official declined to elaborate.

當被問及該政府是否因為擔心法院可能針對美國在委內瑞拉的行為提出指控而向國際刑事法院提出要求時，川普政府官員拒絕詳細說明。