Name: 為什麼洛杉磯國際機場 300 億美元的升級改造不足以解決機場交通問題？ (Why LAX’s $30B Upgrade Isn’t Enough to Fix the Airport’s Traffic | WSJ Pro Perfected)
Uploaded: 2025-09-25T23:00:03.000Z
Duration: 7 min 12 s

These are the 10 busiest airports in the world.

這些是世界上最繁忙的 10 個機場。

But these nine airports are all hub-and-spoke, with lots of connections.

但這九個機場都是樞紐輻合式機場，有很多連接點。

And only one airport on the list, Los Angeles International, is an origin and destination airport.

而名單上只有一個機場，即洛杉磯國際機場，是出發地和目的地機場。

Most LAX passengers start or end their journey here, ultimately leading to one thing — traffic.

大多數洛杉磯國際機場的乘客都從這裡開始或結束旅程，最終導致了一件事--交通。

See all these planes everywhere around the terminal?

看到航站樓周圍隨處可見的飛機了嗎？

Those planes all have hundreds of people, but a car maybe has one, two, three, four, five people.

這些飛機都有數百人，但一輛汽車可能只有一、二、三、四、五個人。

So you have a mismatch between the number of people that need to get in through here and the number of people that are going to be getting on planes.

是以，需要從這裡入境的人數與要上飛機的人數不匹配。

This mismatch is limiting LAX's ability to expand.

這種不匹配限制了洛杉磯國際機場的擴張能力。

But the airport is on a $30 billion mission to modernize.

但是，機場正在進行耗資 300 億美元的現代化改造。

So we asked an airport transit expert to explain what it would take to fix LAX.

是以，我們請機場交通專家解釋如何才能修復洛杉磯國際機場。

This is a core problem for LAX — its shape.

這是洛杉磯國際機場的核心問題--它的形狀。

The horseshoe, as it is known, is what people tend to dislike most about LAX.

眾所周知，馬蹄形是人們對洛杉磯國際機場最不喜歡的地方。

The airside, with all the planes and runways, is over here.

And everything before security, with people getting to and from the airport, is on the landside.

而安檢前的一切，包括人們進出機場，都在陸側。

洛杉磯國際機場有一個陸側容量問題。

LAX in many ways is the worst of both worlds because it lacks a good public transit alternative, and it does not have sufficient roadway space to accommodate demand.

洛杉磯國際機場在很多方面都是兩個世界中最糟糕的，因為它缺乏良好的公共交通選擇，也沒有足夠的道路空間來滿足需求。

About 95,000 vehicles enter LAX every day.

每天約有 95,000 輛車進入洛杉磯國際機場。

LAX essentially has three access points by vehicle.

洛杉磯國際機場基本上有三個車輛出入口。

First thing you notice about these, right, is that they're all kind of running into each other pretty quickly.

你注意到的第一件事，就是它們很快就會互相碰撞。

And once you're in the horseshoe, the type of traffic movement exacerbates congestion.

而一旦進入馬蹄形區域，這種交通流就會加劇擁堵。

They're constantly going from side to side to try to get to the curb to drop people off and then out of the curb, and they're parked at the curb or double parked at the curb.

他們不停地從一邊走到另一邊，試圖到路邊送人，然後再從路邊出來，他們就停在路邊或雙雙停在路邊。

And while these shortcuts here were meant to expedite the route for travelers going to the farther terminals, they can also exacerbate that side-to-side traffic.

雖然這些捷徑的目的是為前往較遠航站樓的旅客提供快速通道，但它們也會加劇側向交通。

So you see there's two lanes of traffic that are coming in on this crossover route, and those lanes are feeding directly into the lanes of traffic on the horseshoe that are the least congested in a relative sense.

是以，你會看到有兩條車道從這條交叉路線駛入，這些車道直接進入馬蹄形路線上相對來說最不擁堵的車道。

Now you're slowing down all these cars, and that's one of the reasons that the crossovers actually wind up hindering traffic probably as much as they help it.

現在你讓所有這些車都慢了下來，這也是跨界車阻礙交通的原因之一。

And because of the side-to-side traffic movement, adding more lanes wouldn't do much to alleviate congestion.

而且，由於車流是側向流動的，增加車道對緩解交通擁堵並無多大幫助。

So instead, the goal is to stop cars before they get into the horseshoe with something like the roughly $3 billion PeopleMover.

是以，我們的目標是在汽車進入馬蹄鐵之前，用類似於耗資約 30 億美元的 PeopleMover 這樣的設備來阻止汽車進入馬蹄鐵。

Opening in 2026, LAX's PeopleMover is essentially a train to move passengers in and out of the horseshoe.

洛杉磯國際機場的 PeopleMover 將於 2026 年投入使用，其本質是一列火車，用於運送乘客進出馬蹄鐵。

Let's say you came in and were dropped off at this station by vehicle.

比方說，您乘車來到這裡，然後在這個車站下車。

You then get on the PeopleMover, and it will go this way, and you can have a stop here for those terminals, stop here, stop here.

然後，你就可以坐上 PeopleMover，它將從這邊走，你可以在這裡停靠這些終點站，在這裡停靠，在這裡停靠。

The PeopleMover will run straight down the center rather than around the horseshoe, with pedestrian walkways on either side connecting to the terminals.

人行地軌將沿著中心直行，而不是環繞馬蹄形，兩側的人行道與終點站相連。

So the question is, how many people are going to choose to drop off here versus taking people all the way in?

那麼問題來了，有多少人會選擇在這裡下車，而不是一路帶人進去？

To incentivize passengers to take the PeopleMover, Joshua would implement congestion pricing on the roadway.

為了鼓勵乘客乘坐 PeopleMover，Joshua 將在道路上實施擁堵收費。

And that in turn reduces the demand for traffic within that area, and that means that the cars that do go in have a much smoother and faster ride.

這反過來又減少了該地區的交通需求，這意味著進入該地區的汽車可以更順暢、更快速地行駛。

But construction for the PeopleMover reduced LAX's roadway capacity, so the airport needed a stopgap solution.

但 PeopleMover 的施工降低了洛杉磯國際機場的道路通行能力，是以機場需要一個權宜之計。

That's why it turned this parking lot near the entrance into a rideshare lot called LAXit.

是以，它將入口附近的這個停車場改造成了一個名為 "LAXit "的共享停車場。

Travelers can take a rideshare or taxi into the airport.

旅客可以乘坐共享汽車或計程車進入機場。

But when you leave the airport, you have to somehow get to this area to pick up a rideshare vehicle or a taxi, hence the name LAXit.

但是，當您離開機場時，您必須想方設法到達這個區域，搭乘共享汽車或計程車，這就是 LAXit 這個名字的由來。

The idea was to move almost all of the arrivals rideshares out of the horseshoe entirely.

我們的想法是，將幾乎所有抵達的乘車點完全遷出馬蹄鐵。

Travelers coming from the end terminals can walk along these paths.

從終點站來的旅客可以沿著這些小路步行。

A lot of these pathways aren't well marked, and sometimes you're walking along construction sites, but you can get there.

很多小路都沒有很好的標記，有時你還得沿著建築工地走，但你還是可以到達那裡。

But for travelers coming from any of the other terminals...

但對於從其他航站樓出發的旅客來說...

It becomes a much more cumbersome effort, especially from these guys right here, right?

尤其是這些人的努力，會變得更加繁瑣，對嗎？

Because these are the furthest away, and there's no clear path to them.

因為這些都是最遙遠的，沒有通向它們的明確路徑。

Shuttle buses with dedicated lanes help shorten the trip.

配備專用車道的穿梭巴士有助於縮短行程。

LAXit has reduced traffic in the horseshoe by 15% compared to 2019.

與 2019 年相比，LAXit 已將馬蹄形地區的交通流量減少了 15%。

But LAXit was not meant to be a permanent feature.

Ultimately, the lot may become a new concourse.

最終，該地塊可能會成為一個新的大堂。

And Joshua says you'll only really reduce traffic in the horseshoe if there's another viable transit option.

約書亞說，只有在有其他可行的交通選擇時，才能真正減少馬蹄形地區的交通流量。

Like if LAX expanded its bus service to drop off at key places around the city.

比如洛杉磯國際機場擴大巴士服務，在市內重要地點提供下車服務。

My dream scenario would be multiple access methods by mass transit into the central area that are all a short walk, therefore, to the terminal.

我夢想中的方案是，可以通過多種交通方式進入中心區域，然後步行到終點站。

Making it easier for more people to get here will also help as LAX looks to increase its capacity on the airside.

讓更多的人更容易到達這裡，也有助於洛杉磯國際機場提高其空側容量。

Like with that new concourse that could replace LAXit.

比如那個可以取代洛杉磯國際機場的新候機廳。

If you add more flights to LAX, even though you can accommodate them with the runway space and taxiway space that you have, you're adding to the congestion on the landside.

如果在洛杉磯國際機場增加更多班機，即使現有的跑道和滑行道空間可以容納更多班機，也會加劇陸側的擁堵。

Its new international terminal here didn't impact landside capacity too much because

它在這裡新建的國際航站樓並沒有對陸側運力造成太大影響，因為

If you're going to Atlanta Airport, you don't have to, and no one can in fact, drive up to each of these terminals and drop someone off.

如果您要前往亞特蘭大機場，您不必，事實上也沒有人可以開車到這些航站樓送人。

It's not actually possible. This is all on the airside.

這實際上是不可能的。這一切都在空中。

You have to take a people mover that goes underneath here to get from one terminal to another.

從一個航站樓到另一個航站樓，必須乘坐從下面穿過的旅客捷運。

So while the airport had the space to add another roadway over here, it didn't need to impact the main access road at all.

是以，雖然機場有足夠的空間在這裡增加另一條道路，但根本不需要影響主通道。

LAX's horseshoe layout, however, restricts how the airport can even expand.

然而，洛杉磯國際機場的馬蹄形佈局限制了機場的擴張。

In 2021, LAX opened a satellite concourse to its international terminal and connected it with an underground walkway.

2021 年，洛杉磯國際機場啟用了國際航站樓的衛星大廳，並通過一條地下通道將其連接起來。

But continuing to build in this direction would likely require another people mover.

但是，如果繼續朝這個方向發展，很可能需要另一個運載工具。

So LAX is mainly limited to extending the end of the horseshoe, like its proposal to build Concourse Zero here and Terminal 9 here.

是以，洛杉磯國際機場主要侷限於擴建馬蹄形跑道的末端，如建議在這裡修建零號航站樓，在這裡修建 9 號航站樓。

Which you can do, and those planes can still access the runways from there.

你可以這樣做，那些飛機仍然可以從那裡進入跑道。

And you can have roadway capacity to be able to bring people in there.

同時，你還可以擁有道路通行能力，以便將人們運送到那裡。

In 2024, LAX saw more than 76 million passengers.

2024 年，洛杉磯國際機場的旅客吞吐量將超過 7600 萬人次。

But more places for planes means more people flying in and out of LAX and driving in and out of LAX, something the city expects to happen with the 2028 Olympics.

但是，更多的飛機停機位意味著有更多的人乘坐飛機進出洛杉磯國際機場，也意味著有更多的人開車進出洛杉磯國際機場，而洛杉磯市政府預計 2028 年的奧運會也將如此。

The last time LA hosted the Olympics in 1984, LAX added a new terminal and doubled its roadway capacity by adding a second level.

上一次洛杉磯舉辦奧運會是在 1984 年，當時洛杉磯國際機場增加了一個新的航站樓，並通過增加第二層將道路通行能力提高了一倍。

This time around, Joshua says adding another level would just disrupt operations and only temporarily fix the problems.

這次，約書亞說再增加一個樓層只會擾亂運行，只能暫時解決問題。

But the goal doesn't have to be indefinitely increasing LAX's capacity.

但我們的目標並不一定是無限期地增加洛杉磯國際機場的吞吐量。

Instead, Joshua says you could expand other nearby regional airports.

喬舒亞說，您可以擴建附近的其他地區機場。

But its central location and sheer amount of airside capacity will keep LAX on top.

但洛杉磯國際機場的中心位置和巨大的空側容量將使其保持領先地位。

And these solves, Joshua says, will help the landside capacity match that airside capacity.

約書亞說，這些解決方案將幫助陸側能力與空側能力相匹配。

Airside capacity is the jewel that makes LAX as great as it is.

空側運力是洛杉磯國際機場的靈魂所在。

People love to hate it, but they love to hate it because so many people are using it.

人們對它愛恨交加，但他們愛恨交加是因為有太多人在使用它。

That actually shows that it's doing something right.