Name: 特朗普的關稅收入數十億美元。這些錢都去哪兒了？| 華爾街日報 (Trump’s Tariffs Are Raking in Billions. Where Does It All Go? | WSJ)
Uploaded: 2025-09-18T23:02:26.000Z
Duration: 5 min 37 s

This is how much money the U.S. was making from tariffs when President Trump took office for the second time.

這就是特朗普總統第二次上臺時，美國從關稅中獲得的收入。

And this is how much the country is making now.

You know, we're finding hundreds of billions of dollars of cash is pouring into our country now.

你知道，我們發現現在有數千億美元的現金正湧入我們的國家。

He's right. The U.S. is making quite a bit of money, just not nearly enough to pay for some of Trump's ambitious goals.

他說得沒錯。美國賺了不少錢，只是還遠遠不夠支付特朗普的一些雄心勃勃的目標。

Most of the tariff revenue are going to be paid by importers.

大部分關稅收入將由進口商支付。

It's simply a question, then, how much of that do they pass on to consumers?

那麼問題來了，他們會將其中多少轉嫁給消費者？

So how does the U.S. collect the billions it rakes in through tariffs?

那麼，美國是如何通過關稅收取數十億美元的稅款的呢？

And what does it do with all of that money?

First, let's take a look at how much the country is making.

首先，讓我們來看看國家的收入有多少。

According to the Penn-Wharton budget model, the U.S. has collected more than $159 billion in tariff revenue as of early September.

根據賓夕法尼亞大學-沃頓商學院的預算模型，截至 9 月初，美國已經徵收了超過 1590 億美元的關稅收入。

That's a 148 percent increase compared to a year ago and $642 million per day from tariffs.

與一年前相比增長了 148%，每天的關稅收入為 6.42 億美元。

While Trump has claimed the U.S. has made trillions through tariffs, that's not totally accurate — yet.

雖然特朗普聲稱美國已經通過關稅賺取了數萬億美元，但這還不完全準確。

That gap will continue to grow throughout the rest of the year.

在今年餘下的時間裡，這一差距將繼續擴大。

We're ultimately projecting, starting next year and for the next 10 years, that the government will collect about $2.9 trillion in revenue.

我們最終預測，從明年起，在未來 10 年內，政府將徵收約 2.9 萬億美元的稅收。

That's because Trump's tariffs are still under negotiation, and that's made predicting future demand difficult for U.S. importers.

這是因為特朗普的關稅仍在談判中，這使得美國進口商很難預測未來的需求。

And less demand could eventually mean less tariff revenue.

而需求的減少最終可能意味著關稅收入的減少。

We've seen pretty wild swings in import volumes at U.S. seaports this year.

我們看到，今年美國海港的進口量波動相當劇烈。

Ground zero for that has been Southern California.

南加利福尼亞州就是這種情況的發源地。

That's where you have this twin port complex, the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach.

這就是洛杉磯港和長灘港的雙港綜合體。

When the Trump administration raised tariffs on Chinese goods to 145 percent in April, imports at the Port of Los Angeles plunged.

今年 4 月，特朗普政府將中國商品的關稅提高到 145%，洛杉磯港的進口量驟減。

For May, there were about 655,000 containers handled at the port complex that month, which sounds like a lot, but was actually the lowest cargo volumes for about two years.

5 月份，港口綜合體的貨櫃吞吐量約為 65.5 萬個，聽起來似乎很多，但實際上是約兩年來的最低貨運量。

When the U.S. reduced those tariffs to 30 percent in May, while negotiations played out...

今年 5 月，美國將這些關稅降低到 30%，而談判...

We saw another flood of cargo into the port complex, such that in July, the port complex broke a record and handled more than a million boxes in a single month.

我們看到，又有大量貨物湧入港區，7 月份，港區打破了單月吞吐量超過 100 萬箱的記錄。

Now let's take a second to discuss how these tariffs are collected.

現在，讓我們花點時間來討論一下這些關稅是如何收取的。

Say a container worth of goods is exported from another country.

假設從另一個國家出口了一個貨櫃的貨物。

Before it's sent to the U.S., the importer files paperwork with U.S. Customs and Border Protection with details about what's coming.

在貨物運往美國之前，進口商要向美國海關和邊境保護局提交文件，詳細說明即將運往美國的貨物。

Once that shipment arrives, CBP reviews the paperwork before clearing the goods for release and records exactly when the cargo hit U.S. soil.

貨物到達後，海關及邊境保護局會在貨物放行前審查相關文件，並準確記錄貨物到達美國本土的時間。

The imports will then often move to a warehouse for storage.

然後，進口商品通常會轉移到倉庫儲存。

And at that point, it's the importer who has 10 to 30 days to pay the tariff.

此時，進口商有 10 到 30 天的時間來支付關稅。

In those cases where importers have been having to pay higher tariff rates to bring goods into the country, we've seen a whole slew of actions that they've taken from talking to their suppliers about trying to drive down the rates of the goods that they've bought, asking suppliers to share in maybe a small percentage of the increased tariff rate.

在進口商必須支付更高的關稅率才能將貨物運入我國的情況下，我們看到他們採取了一系列行動，包括與供應商商談，試圖降低所購貨物的關稅率，要求供應商分擔一小部分增加的關稅率。

And in some cases, they're also raising prices in ways that maybe consumers wouldn't even notice.

在某些情況下，它們還以消費者可能根本不會注意到的方式提高價格。

So, for example, raising the threshold for free shipping or maybe getting rid of free shipping altogether.

例如，提高免運費的門檻，或者乾脆取消免運費。

Once a tariff is collected, CBP sends that money to what's called the U.S. Treasury's General Fund, or America's checkbook.

一旦徵收了關稅，CBP 就會將這筆錢匯入所謂的美國財政部普通基金，即美國的支票簿。

At that point, it's up to Congress to appropriate that money where it sees fit.

屆時，將由國會在其認為合適的地方撥款。

Going forward, especially starting next year, if the current tariff rates stick around, it will raise a fair amount of revenue.

展望未來，尤其是從明年開始，如果目前的關稅稅率得以維持，將增加相當數量的收入。

And of course, ultimately, that revenue is coming from U.S. households and U.S. firms who are essentially paying that money.

當然，歸根結底，這些收入來自美國家庭和美國公司，他們基本上是在支付這筆錢。

Trump has floated a number of ways to spend that cash, including potential rebate checks for some Americans or replacing the federal income tax.

特朗普提出了許多使用這些現金的方法，包括為一些美國人提供潛在的退稅支票或取代聯邦所得稅。

There's one big-ticket item, though, that looms large.

不過，有一個大額項目仍是個大問題。

Still, if you compare tariff revenues against the country's growing deficit, it only makes up a small fraction.

儘管如此，如果將關稅收入與國家不斷增長的赤字相比，它只佔很小一部分。

A White House spokesperson told the Journal that the tariff revenue will, quote, amount to trillions of dollars in the coming years.

白宮發言人告訴《每日郵報》，關稅收入在未來幾年將達到數萬億美元。

This is really the first time that tariffs are being used as a revenue generator for the U.S. Treasury.

這確實是關稅首次被用作美國財政部的創收手段。

And the motivation behind that is that we're on this exploding debt path right now.

這背後的動機是，我們現在正處在債務爆炸的道路上。

And so there has to be some revenue that comes in or some spending that goes down in order to try to stabilize the future debt-to-output ratio in the U.S. economy.

是以，為了穩定美國經濟未來的債務產出比，必須有一些收入流入或一些支出減少。

Whether Trump has the ability to impose global tariffs remains an open question.

特朗普是否有能力征收全球關稅仍是一個懸而未決的問題。

A federal appeals court in August struck down Trump's tariffs, ruling that he overstepped his authority when using his emergency powers to rewrite trade policy.

今年 8 月，聯邦上訴法院駁回了特朗普的關稅措施，裁定他在使用緊急權力改寫貿易政策時越權。

Trump called that ruling highly partisan, and the Supreme Court agreed to hear his appeal.

特朗普稱這一裁決極具黨派色彩，最高法院同意聽取他的上訴。

Tariffs are often challenging to take back once they're implemented because a lot of domestic firms have organized around those tariffs.

關稅一旦實施，要收回往往很困難，因為很多國內企業已經圍繞這些關稅組織起來。

And in particular, they've made investments, they've increased prices, they've done other things to take advantage of those trade barriers.

特別是，他們進行了投資，提高了價格，還做了其他事情來利用這些貿易壁壘。

I know that there are importers out there who are waiting to see whether the court finds that the president didn't have the power to implement them.

我知道有一些進口商正在等待法院是否認定總統無權執行這些規定。

Then they're waiting on the sidelines perhaps to apply for refunds for some of the tariffs that they've already paid.

然後，他們或許在一旁等待申請退還已經支付的部分關稅。