Name: 鋰礦開採有何影響？| 英國廣播公司新聞 (What is the impact of lithium mining? | BBC News)
Uploaded: 2025-07-25T17:37:21.000Z
Duration: 8 min 19 s

基礎被動語態

Its salt flats were formed over millions of years, but underneath it all lies a key ingredient for much of the world's most modern technology.

這裡的鹽灘是經過數百萬年形成的，但在這一切的背後，卻蘊藏著世界上最先進技術的關鍵要素。

And it threatens to change this landscape forever.

I think it has been a tremendous mistake.

Lithium mined here is an essential component of the batteries that power electric cars and solar energy stores.

這裡開採的鋰是電動汽車和太陽能電池的重要組成部分。

Who are the electric cars going to be for?

But extracting it is causing problems for the people and environment around where the metal is found.

但開採這種金屬會給周圍的居民和環境帶來問題。

How are people going to live if there is no water?

如果沒有水，人們將如何生活？

For generations, Raquel's family reared animals in the Vega de Tilaposo wetland here.

拉克爾的家族世代在這裡的 Vega de Tilaposo 溼地飼養動物。

As the climate changed and rain stopped falling, that became harder.

隨著氣候的變化，雨水不再落下，這變得更加困難。

There's a lithium plant over there where they use a pump to extract water and take it to the mine.

那裡有一家鋰電廠，他們用水泵抽水，然後把水送到礦場。

Chile is the second largest producer of lithium globally after Australia.

智利是僅次於澳洲的全球第二大鋰生產國。

Its production is about to increase through nationalising parts of the industry and encouraging more investment.

通過國有化部分產業和鼓勵更多投資，其產量即將增加。

But there's fears the community here won't benefit.

但人們擔心這裡的社區不會從中受益。

I think that for the cities, maybe the lithium is good.

我認為，對於城市來說，也許鋰是好東西。

But it also harms us because since they began pumping, we no longer live the life that we used to live here.

但這也對我們造成了傷害，因為自從他們開始抽水，我們就不再像以前那樣在這裡生活了。

This is why lithium mining uses so much water.

這就是鋰礦開採耗水量如此之大的原因。

Huge quantities of water are pumped from underground brine deposits deep below the surface.

從地表深處的地下滷水礦藏中抽取大量的水。

The slurry is collected into these pools under the hot desert sun, evaporating the water and leaving behind the concentrated lithium in the process.

在沙漠的烈日下，泥漿被收集到這些水池中，在蒸發水分的過程中留下濃縮的鋰。

Hundreds of litres of water are extracted every hour in this already drought-prone region.

在這個本已乾旱的地區，每小時都要抽取數百升水。

The enormous size of these pools is hard to grasp until standing up close.

只有站在近處，才能感受到這些水池的巨大。

Back on the plain, members of the community give an offering to the only remaining sources of water.

回到平原上，社區成員向僅存的水源獻祭。

Sara, like Raquel, remembers growing up here as a young girl.

薩拉和拉克爾一樣，都記得自己是在這裡長大的小女孩。

And what are the people here going to do?

Without water, without agriculture, where will they go?

沒有水，沒有農業，他們將何去何從？

Maybe I won't see it because of my age, but my children, our great-grandchildren, the whole generation that comes after.

也許因為我的年齡，我看不到這一切，但我的孩子們、我們的曾孫們、我們的下一代都能看到。

A lot of the lithium here is still untapped, but Chile's government wants to change that.

這裡的許多鋰資源仍未得到開發，但智利政府希望改變這種狀況。

They say it's needed to tackle climate change globally, but indigenous communities here are worried about what it means for the environment locally.

他們說這是應對全球氣候變化的需要，但這裡的土著社區卻擔心這對當地環境意味著什麼。

We have been forced to change our entire drinking water system, electrical system and water treatment system.

我們被迫更換了整個飲用水系統、電力系統和水處理系統。

There is, of course, the issue of climate change, that it doesn't rain anymore.

當然，還有氣候變化的問題，也就是不再下雨的問題。

But the main impact here has been caused by mining, extractive mining.

但這裡的主要影響來自採礦，採掘業。

They use millions and millions of cubic metres of brine.

它們使用了幾百萬、幾千萬立方米的鹽水。

The government says that this is necessary for the world's fight against climate change.

政府表示，這是世界應對氣候變化所必需的。

To combat climate change, there should be a greater connection with those of us who know the territory, the indigenous people who have existed for millennia with these landscapes.

為了應對氣候變化，我們應該加強與瞭解這片土地的人，也就是與這些地貌共存了數千年的原住民之間的聯繫。

Decisions are made in Santiago, in the capital, very far from here.

決定是在聖地亞哥做出的，在離這裡非常遙遠的首都。

Leading his community, Sergio has helped secure some economic benefits and oversight from the companies, but he's still worried about plans to ramp up production.

在社區的上司下，塞爾吉奧幫助企業獲得了一些經濟利益，並得到了企業的監督，但他仍對擴大生產的計劃感到擔憂。

We understand that the world needs to transform conventional energy into renewable energy and for that, lithium is very important, but we also don't want to be the bargaining chip for that development.

我們知道，世界需要將傳統能源轉變為可再生能源，為此，鋰是非常重要的，但我們也不想成為發展的籌碼。

The Chilean government says production is being increased in dialogue with indigenous communities and incorporating new technologies to minimise the social and environmental impact.

智利政府表示，正在通過與土著社區的對話提高產量，並採用新技術最大限度地減少對社會和環境的影響。

It says it will bring economic opportunities and that 30% of the salt flats and lagoons will be protected.

它說，這將帶來經濟機會，30% 的鹽灘和瀉湖將得到保護。

Mining companies also say they are listening.

礦業公司也表示，他們正在傾聽。

Currently we have 120 litres per second and we are going to reduce to close to zero.

目前，我們每秒可提供 120 升水，我們將把它減少到接近零。

The Chilean firm SQM is one of the two main players alongside the US's Alba Male, operating in the Atacama.

智利 SQM 公司與美國 Alba Male 公司是在阿塔卡馬地區營運的兩家主要公司之一。

We have to consider that in Chile and in the world, we need more lithium for the energy transition.

我們必須考慮到，在智利乃至全世界，我們都需要更多的鋰來實現能源轉型。

At this plant in Antafagasta, the firm is piloting new technologies.

在安塔法加斯塔的這家工廠，該公司正在試用新技術。

If successful, the idea is to roll these out in their Salada Atacama plants.

如果成功，我們希望在薩拉達-阿塔卡馬工廠推廣這些設備。

These include directly extracting lithium from brine without evaporation pools and technologies to capture evaporated water and re-inject it into the earth.

這些技術包括直接從滷水中提取鋰而無需蒸發池，以及捕捉蒸發水並將其重新注入地下的技術。

Direct lithium extraction we see as an opportunity to reduce our brine extraction while maintaining our current production and also increasing our capacity.

我們認為直接提鋰是一個機會，可以在保持現有產量的同時減少滷水提取量，並提高產能。

This is a kind of pilot but on a larger scale and we are going to just put the same technology into our processes in Salada Atacama.

這是一種試點，但規模更大，我們將把同樣的技術應用到薩拉達-阿塔卡馬的流程中。

The company say this transition will begin in 2031.

該公司表示，這一過渡將從 2031 年開始。

But some in the community are sceptical of this new technology.

但社會上有些人對這項新技術持懷疑態度。

Faviola is a local biologist at the Los Flamencos National Reserve here.

法維奧拉是洛斯弗拉門科斯國家保護區的一名當地生物學家。

She regularly tests the water in lagoons on the salt flats to monitor any changes from mining in the area.

她定期檢測鹽灘上瀉湖中的水，以監測該地區採礦造成的任何變化。

We don't know how the rock below the salt flat will behave if it will resist the re-injection.

我們不知道鹽灘下面的岩石會有怎樣的表現，是否會抵制再注入。

The water from underground here, rich in salts and minerals, comes from the Andes.

這裡的地下水富含鹽分和礦物質，來自安第斯山脈。

It's very old and she's not convinced it can just be re-injected.

它已經很老了，她不相信可以重新注射。

Unfortunately, we think the Salada Atacama is going to be like an experiment to see how this re-injection of water works for lithium extraction.

不幸的是，我們認為薩拉達-阿塔卡馬將是一個實驗，看看重新注水提鋰的效果如何。

We believe we will be like a natural laboratory.

我們相信，我們將像一個天然實驗室。

This reserve is home to flamingos, birds the indigenous community consider sacred.

該保護區是火烈鳥的家園，被土著社區視為神聖的鳥類。

She says the population has decreased at worrying levels.

她說，人口減少的程度令人擔憂。

Lithium mining has changed the lagoons here.

Now they are smaller and we believe on a microscopic level this has had an impact on microorganisms that live in these waters, which has an impact on the flamingos that feed on them.

現在，它們的體型變小了，我們相信，在微觀層面上，這對生活在這些水域中的微生物產生了影響，從而對以它們為食的火烈鳥產生了影響。

She and her community feel the urgent need to tackle climate change.

她和她的社區認為迫切需要應對氣候變化。

But they're angry that they seem to be paying the price.

但他們感到憤怒的是，他們似乎正在付出代價。

Electric cars are not going to be for those of us whose areas deliver lithium.

電動汽車並不適合我們這些需要鋰電池的地區。

歐洲人、美國人，不適合我們。

For Faviola, protecting landscapes like these means everyone playing their part.

對於法維奧拉來說，保護這樣的景觀意味著每個人都要發揮自己的作用。

If we want to combat climate change, we all have to reduce our emissions.

如果我們想應對氣候變化，就必須減少排放。

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