Name: 【WSJ】美國、中國與印度洋軍事基地的對決 (U.S., China and the Showdown Over an Indian Ocean Military Base | WSJ Coordinates)
Uploaded: 2025-04-28T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 7 min 6 s

程度副詞

The tiny island of Diego Garcia is home to a little-known but strategically important U.S.-UK military base in the middle of the Indian Ocean.

迪亞哥加西亞島是印度洋中部一個鮮為人知但具有重要戰略意義的美英軍事基地所在地。

It allows the U.S. to project power in the Pacific, the Middle East, and Africa.

它使美國能夠在太平洋、中東和非洲投射力量。

情態副詞

It's currently being used to carry out strikes against the Houthis in Yemen and telegraph a warning to Iran over its nuclear program.

目前，它正被用於對葉門胡塞武裝實施打擊，並就伊朗的核計劃向其發出警告。

But as wars rage and China seeks to gain influence in the region, the base's future is up in the air.

但是，隨著戰爭的肆虐和中國尋求在該地區獲得影響力，該基地的未來也變得撲朔迷離。

不要把美國的軍事基地拱手讓人。

Essential to U.S. security but under threat of Chinese influence, this is Diego Garcia.

迪亞哥加西亞島對美國安全至關重要，但卻受到中國影響的威脅。

In just the past few weeks, the base has hosted a third of the U.S.'s B-2 bomber fleet, a guided missile destroyer with advanced air defenses, and huge aircraft capable of transporting heavy weapons.

就在過去的幾周裡，該基地接納了美國三分之一的 B-2 轟炸機群、一艘配備先進防空系統的飛彈驅逐艦以及能夠運輸重型武器的大型飛機。

But the British government is planning to cede sovereignty of Diego Garcia and the islands around it to the China-friendly nation of Mauritius, and then lease back the base.

但英國政府正計劃將迪亞哥加西亞島及其周圍島嶼的主權讓給對中國友好的模里西斯，然後租回基地。

The deal between Britain and Mauritius is one the Biden administration supported and which the Trump administration has sought to strengthen.

英國和模里西斯之間的協議得到了拜登政府的支持，川普政府也一直在尋求加強這一協議。

We're talking to the prime minister about it, and we'll see how that turns out.

我們正在與首相討論此事，我們將拭目以待結果。

But some current and former officials say that blessing the deal is a huge mistake and warn that Beijing could capitalize on the transfer.

但是，一些現任和前任官員表示，祝福這筆交易是一個巨大的錯誤，並警告說中國政府可能會利用這次轉讓。

If Mauritius Islands turns to China and says, you want one of these other islands, there's 60 of them, to build a military base?

如果模里西斯群島轉而對中國說，你想要其他 60 個島嶼中的一個來建造軍事基地？

Diego Garcia is the largest of the Chagos Islands.

迪亞哥加西亞島是查戈斯群島中最大的島嶼。

They used to be controlled by France, which administered them from Mauritius.

它們過去由法國控制，法國從模里西斯對其進行管理。

Then in 1814, France ceded both the Chagos and Mauritius to the Brits.

1814 年，法國將查戈斯和模里西斯割讓給英國。

And over a century later, in the midst of the Cold War, the U.K. and the U.S. agreed on the need for a military base in the Indian Ocean.

一個多世紀後，在冷戰期間，英國和美國就在印度洋建立軍事基地的必要性達成了一致。

Around that time, Britain granted Mauritius independence and paid £3 million to detach and keep the Chagos Islands.

大約在那個時候，英國給予模里西斯獨立，並支付了 300 萬英鎊來分離和保留查戈斯群島。

Then it forcibly removed roughly 1,000 people living there.

然後，它強行遷移了大約 1000 名居住在那裡的人。

In the 1970s, the U.S. military began building the base, which would become known as the last link in the long logistics chain.

1970 年代，美國軍方開始建設該基地，它後來被稱為漫長物流鏈中的最後一環。

For decades, Diego Garcia has been part of what the Pentagon calls the tip of the spear, meaning it's on the front lines of conflicts.

幾十年來，迪亞哥加西亞島一直是五角大樓所說的 "矛尖 "的一部分，這意味著它處於衝突的前線。

Bombers staged there are within range of key potential targets, but are far enough away from adversaries that they're considered safe.

在那裡部署的轟炸機處於關鍵潛在目標的射程之內，但距離對手足夠遠，所以被認為是安全的。

And the base has the ability to accommodate almost everything in the U.S. arsenal, from nuclear submarines to giant transport planes.

該基地幾乎可以容納美國軍火庫中的所有物品，從核潛艇到巨型運輸機。

To give you a sense of its logistical importance, after 9-11, the U.S. was able to ship hundreds of tanks, trucks, and containers to the island before moving them to Afghanistan by air.

911 事件後，美國將數百輛坦克、卡車和貨櫃運到該島，然後再空運到阿富汗。

By transporting just one striker unit that way, instead of flying it directly from the United States, the Department of Defense estimated that it saved 40 days and more than $100 million, according to a defense official.

通過這種方式運輸一個前鋒部隊，而不是直接從據美國國防部的一位官員稱，美國國防部估計它節省了 40 天時間和 1 億多美元。

Diego Garcia is also home to a Space Force tracking station, which allows the U.S. to communicate with satellites in the remote region.

迪亞哥加西亞島也是太空部隊跟蹤站的所在地，它使美國能夠與偏遠地區的衛星通信。

And in the event of a conflict with China over Taiwan, Diego Garcia would be critical, especially if Beijing attacked U.S. facilities and allies in the Pacific.

如果與中國在臺灣問題上發生衝突，迪亞哥加西亞島將至關重要，尤其是當北京攻擊美國在太平洋的設施和盟友時。

Now after more than half a century of military operations, the British government is planning to give up sovereignty of the islands.

經過半個多世紀的軍事行動，英國政府現在打算放棄對這些島嶼的主權。

China knows how important this military base is to the security of the world.

中國知道這個軍事基地對世界安全的重要性。

Republican Senator John Kennedy has been one of the most vocal critics of the U.K. Mauritius deal.

共和黨參議員約翰-肯尼迪（John Kennedy）一直是英國模里西斯協議最尖銳的批評者之一。

President Trump and Secretary Rubio need to pick up the phone and call Prime Minister Stormer in the United Kingdom and say to the Prime Minister, Mr. Prime Minister, with all due respect, stop dipping into your ketamine stash.

川普總統和國務卿盧比歐需要拿起電話，給英國首相施凱爾打電話，對首相說，首相先生，恕我直言，請停止動用你的氯胺酮儲備。

After the U.K. indicated that it had President Trump's approval to move forward with the deal, Kennedy sat down with us in his Senate office.

在英國表示已獲得川普總統準許繼續推進該協議後，肯尼迪在他的參議院辦公室與我們坐了下來。

I was hoping that President Trump was going to stop this.

我希望川普總統能阻止這一切。

I think President Trump's getting very bad advice.

我認為川普總統得到了非常糟糕的建議。

I mean, this thing is, to me, it's stone cold stupid.

我是說，這件事對我來說，簡直是愚蠢至極。

The U.K. did say that it would wait for President Trump to weigh in, but the country has come under pressure to give up its claim to the islands, which are seen as a legacy of British colonialism.

英國確實表示將等待川普總統的決定，但英國一直面臨著放棄對這些島嶼的主權要求的壓力，因為這些島嶼被視為英國殖民主義的遺產。

In 2019, the United Nations International Court of Justice issued a non-binding ruling stating that the Chagos Islands had been unlawfully detached from Mauritius.

2019 年，聯合國國際法院發佈了一項不具約束力的裁決，指出查戈斯群島被非法從模里西斯分離出去。

And in 2024, the U.K. struck a preliminary deal to officially transfer the islands to the African nation.

2024 年，英國達成初步協議，正式將這些島嶼移交給非洲國家。

Supporters of the deal say that without the transfer, China would have leeway to try and neutralize the base because it would be in legal limbo.

該協議的支持者說，如果不移交，中國就有餘地試圖解除該基地的中立地位，因為它將處於法律的邊緣。

Without legal certainty, the base cannot operate in practical terms as it should.

沒有法律上的確定性，基地就無法實際運作。

But critics argue that the International Court of Justice doesn't have jurisdiction over the matter.

但批評者認為，國際法院對此事沒有管轄權。

It's just not a base we have any obligation to give up or put in jeopardy.

我們沒有義務放棄或危及這個基地。

And that's really what we're talking about.

這才是我們真正要討論的問題。

It's not a threat from Mauritius against the U.S. and the U.K., it's the threat from China.

這不是模里西斯對美國和英國的威脅，而是來自中國的威脅。

Instead of trying to spike the deal, two White House officials told me that the administration rigorously reviewed it and then made recommendations to strengthen it.

兩位白宮官員告訴我，政府並沒有試圖秒殺該協議，而是對其進行了嚴格審查，然後提出了加強該協議的建議。

The final details are still being negotiated, but the gist is that Mauritius would have sovereignty over the islands and the U.K. and U.S. would retain access to the base with an initial 99-year lease for billions of dollars.

最終細節仍在談判中，但要點是模里西斯將擁有這些島嶼的主權，而英國和美國將保留基地的使用權，最初的租期為 99 年，租金為數十億美元。

The prime minister of Mauritius has told reporters that he won't allow China to take the Chagos Islands, but the country's close ties with Beijing are a key concern.

模里西斯總理告訴記者，他不會允許中國奪取查戈斯群島，但該國與北京的密切關係是一個關鍵問題。

Mauritius signed a free trade agreement with China in 2021, and China accounts for its largest share of imports.

模里西斯於 2021 年與中國簽署了自由貿易協定，中國佔其進口的最大份額。

中國已經開始圍著模裡西斯轉了。

Already China is trying to be Mauritius' best friend.

中國已經在努力成為模裡西斯最好的朋友。

Senator Kennedy has blamed Trump's national security adviser, Mike Waltz, for endorsing the deal.

肯尼迪參議員指責特朗普的國家安全顧問邁克-華爾茲為該協議背書。

We got nothing in return and we put this base in jeopardy.

我們沒有得到任何回報，還讓這個基地岌岌可危。

And I've made my position very unclear to Mike Waltz.

我已經向邁克-華爾茲表明了我的立場。

I mean, yeah, we got a lease, Mike told me.

我的意思是，是的，我們得到了一個租約，邁克告訴我。

Waltz declined to comment, but the two White House officials told me they have extreme confidence that operations will continue at the base if the U.S.'s security provisions are included in the final agreement.

華爾茲拒絕對此發表評論，但兩位白宮官員告訴我，如果美國的安全條款被納入最終協議，他們對該基地繼續營運極有信心。

But as conflicts in the Middle East continue to escalate and U.S. focus turns increasingly toward China, concerns over the future of this tiny but important base remain.

但是，隨著中東衝突的不斷升級以及美國的注意力日益轉向中國，人們仍然對這個雖小但卻重要的基地的未來感到擔憂。

It's not that Diego Garcia is in danger the day after the treaty is ratified, but the direction ahead is very, very worrying.

並不是說迪亞哥加西亞島在條約準許後的第二天就會處於危險之中，但未來的方向是非常、非常令人擔憂的。