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There's no denying that human babies are cute.
無可否認地,人類寶寶很可愛。
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But even other species tend to have adorable infants.
但其它動物的寶寶似乎也很可愛。
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So, why has science conditioned us to find babies so precious?
所以,為何大自然把我們設定成會呵護寶寶呢?
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Is there something specific that triggers our urge to hold and squeeze them?
有沒有什麼特別原因引發我們想抱緊他們的衝動?
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Interestingly, studies have found that macaque monkeys pay little attention to newborn faces, leading researchers to believe that the cute feeling may be an entirely human trait.
有趣的是,研究發現彌猴對新生兒並不會特別關注,這使得研究人員相信可愛的心理反應可能是人類特有的天性。
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Unlike many other species, once born, human babies are completely dependent on their parents for survival.
不像其他動物,人類寶寶一出生得完全依賴父母以求生存。
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As a result, humans have adapted to find certain traits aesthetically pleasing and downright adorable in an effort to increase interaction, care and protection from parents.
因此,人類發展出某些令人賞心悅目、楚楚可人的特徵,以增加與父母的互動、得到關愛與保護。
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This, in turn, enhances offspring survival and perpetuates our species.
如此一來,也提高後代存活率,讓我們的物種綿延不絕。
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But what exactly makes something seem cute?
但究竟是什麼讓東西看似可愛呢?
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Known as "baby schema", scientists have come up with a set of tested traits that make something appear cute.
科學家發展出「寶寶基模」理論,他們列出一連串可愛特徵進行測驗。
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These include a large rounded head, relative to the body, large eyes below the mid-line of the face, protruding cheeks, a big forehead, round body, and soft surfaces.
這些包括跟身體比起來又大又圓的頭、大到佔據半張臉的眼睛、胖臉頰、寬額頭、圓身體、還有柔軟的肌膚。
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Awwww!
哇嗚!
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And, no doubt, our species is born with fully grown large eyes, almost full-sized brains, soft skin, big cheeks, and round bodies.
沒錯,無疑地,人類出生時就擁有圓滾滾的眼睛、大大的頭、柔軟的肌膚、胖臉頰和圓身體。
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In fact, in tests where baby photos are manipulated to have more baby schema traits, whether they're human babies or dogs and cats, for example, they're rated as cuter and participants felt a stronger motivation to take care of these babies.
事實上,測驗中刻意把寶寶照片修成有更多基模特徵時,無論是人類寶寶或是小貓小狗,相較下都被評為更可愛,受試者也有更強烈的欲望去保護這些寶寶。
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Even when the front of cars were altered in accordance to the baby schema, like, making the headlights become larger to mimic big eyes, participants experienced a more positive response.
即使把汽車車頭的外形依基模理論做調整,像是把車頭燈加大,呈現大眼睛的樣子,也得到受試者更正面的回應。
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It turns out it's all in our head!
這一切全是大腦在做怪!
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When viewing babies with enhanced baby schema proportions, the mesocorticolimbic system of our brain is activated.
當看到有寶寶基模比例的嬰兒時,大腦的中央皮質邊緣系統便啟動。
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These parts of the brain enhance the anticipation of a reward, and can lead to a sense of enjoyment and motivation to care for something and the urge to cuddle or hold an object.
此腦部區域會強化對獎酬的期待,產生愉悅感和保護他人的渴望,也有股衝動想把東西擁入懷中。
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But what about things that aren't...so cute?
但是那些不...那麼可愛的東西呢?
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In fact, some creatures are downright ugly!
事實上,有些生物簡直醜斃了!
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So, what does science have to say about these?
那麼,這在科學上怎麼解釋?
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Our friends at "Earth Unplugged" have answered this very question in our collaboration on animals.
我們和「地球不插電」節目一起合作動物相關研究,他們在節目中回答了這個問題。
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So, click on the screen or on the link in the description to find out.
請點擊螢幕或說明區的連結進入以了解更多。
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Huge thanks to the team at Earth Unplugged for providing us with all this footage.
大力感謝地球不插電團隊贊助我們這些影片。
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Go watch their video and follow them for even more amazing content.
去看他們的影片,追蹤他們看更讚的內容。
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And subscribe for AsapScience for more weekly science videos.
並訂閱 AsapScience 觀看每週科普影片。