de facto

US /ˌdeɪ ˈfæktoʊ/

・

UK /ˌdeɪ ˈfæktəʊ/

C1 高級

adj.形容詞事實上

The wife is usually the de facto head of the household

adv.副詞事實上

Although there is no official language, English is the de facto national language of the United States.

n.名詞實際情況

The de facto is that the company is losing money.

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臺灣總統候選人柯文哲談兩岸關係 (Taiwan Presidential Contender Ko on Cross-Strait Relations)

05:08

臺灣總統候選人柯文哲談兩岸關係 (Taiwan Presidential Contender Ko on Cross-Strait Relations)

Whether it leans more towards a status quo and de facto independence or more towards the Kuomintang, which would like to see much more engagement with mainland China.
是否更傾向於維持現狀和事實上的獨立，還是更傾向於希望看到與中國大陸更多接觸的國民黨。

「敦促中國共同維護地區和平」臺灣新總統賴清德就職演說，外媒怎麼看？ (Taiwan's New President Lai Urges China to Jointly Maintain Regional Peace)

01:54

「敦促中國共同維護地區和平」臺灣新總統賴清德就職演說，外媒怎麼看？ (Taiwan's New President Lai Urges China to Jointly Maintain Regional Peace)

But the the issue of Cross-Strait is he's not wavering from the DPP, his party's position that Taiwan is essentially, I'm not saying that they're calling for independence, but it's de facto independence.
但兩岸問題是他對民進黨的態度沒有動搖，民進黨的立場是台灣本質上是，我不是說他們要求獨立，但這是事實上的獨立。
that they're calling for independence, but it's de facto independence.
他們呼籲獨立，但這是事實上的獨立。

為什麼美國的下一場戰爭會打到墨西哥？ (Why America’s Next War is Heading to Mexico)

39:07

為什麼美國的下一場戰爭會打到墨西哥？ (Why America’s Next War is Heading to Mexico)

As it currently stands now in 2025, it's been estimated by the US military that the various competing cartels in Mexico now de facto control around one-third of the entire country's territory, putting the Mexican government on a level of de facto control within their country that's about on a par with a recognized failed state like the Syrian government.
據美國軍方估計，在 2025 年的當前情況下，墨西哥境內各種相互競爭的販毒集團現在實際控制著整個國家約三分之一的領土，這使得墨西哥政府在國內的實際控制水準與敘利亞政府這樣一個公認的失敗國家不相上下。

【Vox】深入了解蘇丹內戰：兩大軍事龍頭反目引發的事件起因及發展 (The two men who derailed Sudan’s revolution)

10:48

【Vox】深入了解蘇丹內戰：兩大軍事龍頭反目引發的事件起因及發展 (The two men who derailed Sudan’s revolution)

That made Burhan, the de facto leader of Sudan and Hemeti as his number two again.
這讓布爾漢成為蘇丹的實質領導人，而黑梅提則再次擔任他的副手。
No matter who wins this war, protesters are left feeling betrayed by the country's de facto leaders and also by the international community that claimed to support their hopes for democracy.
無論誰贏得這場戰爭，抗議者都感到被該國實質上的領導人以及聲稱支持他們對民主的希望的國際社會背叛了。

看外媒為何稱「臺灣大選關乎世界」 (Why Taiwan’s election matters to the world)

10:34

看外媒為何稱「臺灣大選關乎世界」 (Why Taiwan’s election matters to the world)

Beijing has repeatedly criticized Lai as pro-independence, along with his vice-presidential running mate, Xiao Bi-khim, Taiwan's former de facto ambassador to the United States.
北京方面多次批評賴智及其副總統競選搭檔、台灣前駐美大使蕭美琴支持獨立。

唐納德-特朗普的 "爆炸性 "全球關稅全面生效 | BBC News (Donald Trump's "explosive" global tariffs takes full effect | BBC News)

19:02

唐納德-特朗普的 "爆炸性 "全球關稅全面生效 | BBC News (Donald Trump's "explosive" global tariffs takes full effect | BBC News)

Yes really we're seeing now the full force of those tariffs that it's now a week since Donald Trump first announced his plans the full force of those tariffs around the world with individual countries the worst offenders as the White House has described them now feeling the weight of those tariffs and well you've mentioned China that 104% tariff that's as a result of China not pulling back on its tariffs against the United States in terms of products going to the US and really this is what Donald Trump wanted he's described it as explosive he says you have to shake it up a little bit that might be a little bit of an understatement when you gauge the reaction internationally and increasingly Sally the reaction in this country we're seeing people concerned about everyday products like food like clothing some people are beginning to stockpile those goods in their homes while they can before they expect the prices to rise in the next few days and and quite incredible to see the swift movement on Wall Street in in every direction up and down as as traders can't take their eyes off the screen and you know truth social and and other places where Donald Trump is adding more detail yeah and I think uncertainty is the word because we're seeing those wild fluctuations in Wall Street that often just swing on a few words from the White House or indeed rumors that maybe actually turn out to be wrong but still affect the market so I think strong and so significant are the jitters that the people are feeling at the moment that it doesn't take much to make you know quite significant changes in terms of prices and and the sell-off that we've been seeing okay Peter thank you so much indeed let's talk to Shaima Khalil now who joins us from Tokyo Shaima 24% tariffs for Japan an ally of the US a very important trading partner so many goods head to the United States and it's hoped that Japan could be first in the queue for negotiations yes Japan will get priority tariff negotiations according to the US Secretary Treasury Secretary but what that will look like how that will turn out nobody really knows it's still in that uncertain realm as Peter was was speaking there but I think look there's so many stats and numbers that you can throw at the story but I think here in Tokyo the sentiment is still one of being stunned of being shocked as you say Sally Tokyo is a staunch ally in the region a key economic and security ally of the United States and unlike Beijing this is a friendly relationship Tokyo is a friend Beijing is a foe and yet Japan feels that it has to swallow the bitter pill of the reciprocal tariffs and there's almost a sentiment of how could you do this to us that politically you can you can feel it in the air the Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba said the whole country has to come together in what he described as a national crisis there is that governmental task force now with thousands of consulting desks and financial institutions fielding calls regarding tariffs but even though the Prime Minister has called for diplomatic composure the fact that Tokyo is still very much in tandem with its relationship and committed to the US economy with a 25% levy on the car industry already in place the danger is real the auto industry represents 20% of Japan's exports that's 17 billion dollars of projected losses if these levies are still in place the tariff diplomacy is in full force there are two major developments in the chaos of the last few days one is that 30-minute phone call between the Prime Minister and Donald Trump on Monday and that tells you that there is an open channel and the second one is the appointment of the economy economic minister you'll say Akazawa as the chief name a tariff negotiator he will be dealing with the US Treasury Secretary look there's so much that Tokyo can bring to the table for five years running Japan has been the US's top top investor there are 54,000 US military personnel here there there's already developing defense agreements between the US and Japan and so the negotiators have a lot to talk about with the United States they will get as you say a front a front seat but it's still a very uphill battle priority boarding as they say when you're getting on a plane Thank You Shima let's go to Jonathan head in Bangkok so Jonathan Thailand is on the worst offenders list as well so what is it facing now the tariffs have come into effect in the last few minutes and I have seen the Thai markets being hit hard by all of this as well as they are across the region Sally I mean the worst affected country or the least terms of the terms of the actual scale of the tariffs in is little Cambodia 49% I mean there is simply no hope that Cambodia can buy as much from the US as it sells that's going to have a devastating effect on its garment industry like other countries in this region the response from Cambodia from Vietnam as well Vietnam US exports to the United States it's the largest destination account for 23% of its entire GDP and Vietnam has very ambitious growth targets for its current economic plans for Thailand it's a bit less about 18% of exports go to the US but Thailand has a flatlining economy and is desperately looking for all possible ways of getting it going these tariffs have come at the worst possible moment now the official response from all the governments in this region is don't panic don't retaliate as China has done negotiate but negotiations I mean you heard from Japan's at the top of the head of the line other you know Thailand's gonna set its finance minister the Vietnamese deputy prime minister's on his way the Malaysian leader Anwar Ibrahim is heading to Washington too I mean who will they meet and we heard from mr. Trump's trade counselor Peter Navarro in interviews given over the last 24 hours that even though these countries have all offered to reduce their tariffs Vietnam said we'll bring our tariffs down to zero he said that won't matter he said the fundamental problem is the imbalance in trade and because these tariffs have been calculated not on the basis of what tariffs are imposed on the US but on how big the trade deficit is all of Southeast Asia pretty much has a trade surplus with the US because these are relatively low-income high exporting countries that's their model they simply cannot buy as much from the US as they export and so it doesn't look at the if mr. Navarro's influence still holds so whether it's actually going to be possible for that for that trade those trade negotiations to actually be able to be successful and Jonathan you mentioned Cambodia and Vietnam as well in particular and I noticed a lot of their governments are saying we're going to buy more US goods we're looking to see what we can purchase from the US to try and reduce the deficit but actually Vietnam Cambodia in particular really benefited from the tariffs that Trump put in place in his first term in office back in 2016 because all the manufacturing was moving out of China to other parts of Southeast Asia and later in this program I'll be talking to a company boss who's in Arkansas who has all these goods made in Vietnam and still those tariffs are much lower than China aren't they so you're still better off getting things made in Vietnam than China yeah but obviously that it's all a tariffs are you going to be worse off than your competitor and I think that's where look Southeast Asian countries are inherently transactional and they are being pragmatic even though inwardly I think they'll be panicking there are going to be big impacts on their on their people's standards of living I mean Peter Navarro claimed that one third of US of Vietnamese exports the US are actually de facto think products but diverted into Vietnam from China that's not actually true the best studies and it's not a statistics not good on this say estimate the perhaps seven to sixteen percent of exports from Vietnam to the US probably are ones that are result of tariffs in China but it has played played a very big role and it means that there's real turbulence for many for supply chains for manufacturers where are they going to go next you know it's like whack-a-mole one country gets hit with tariffs you try and relocate somewhere else it's the unpredictability of course and the very peculiar nature of these tariffs that the Trump administration's come up with which makes it so hard for governments and manufacturers to decide what their long-term plans should be now okay Jonathan thank you very much well let's bring in Mariko Oi who is in our Asia business hub in Singapore watching financial markets so Mariko how are they looking today well Sally I think it's fair to say that we are back on a rollercoaster ride you and I have been watching the stock market reaction since Thursday last week ever since mr. Trump announced those latest tariffs in what the White House calls on Liberation Day and on Thursday and Friday we saw that sell-off and then on Monday we saw a much bigger sharp sell-off especially in Japan and Hong Kong yesterday we saw a bit of a recovery but then once again we are back in the red so basically investors are not liking everything that they're hearing in terms of that escalating tension between the United States and China as Shimer and Jonathan were talking about it various Asian governments are in negotiation with Washington but so far no one has been successful in winning an exemption or getting a deal and that's why we're seeing this sell-off investors and economists have been warning about these tariffs pushing up prices in the United States and possibly pushing the u.s. and even a global economy into a recession and that fear is getting realistic day by day thank you so much Mariko and thank you also to Jonathan head Shimer Khalil and Peter bows as well as we get reaction to these tariffs which have now been in place for nearly 15 minutes on all these countries 60 countries digesting brand-new tariffs let's now focus on China I'm joined by Han Lin who is China country director of the Asia group welcome to BBC News a hundred and four percent is the tariffs now on Chinese goods headed to the United States what's your thoughts on that yeah these tariffs are quite frustrating for the Chinese government not that China has feels unprepared but that the US China trade situation has unraveled so quickly without a clear off-ramp or a channel of communication besides China capitulating which is not likely going to happen but but certainly one thing that's being watched as carefully as this is that I remember late last quarter China had announced that if there was a trade war China would respond firmly it has a more diverse and deeper toolkit to retaliate with and that China has a greater capacity to endear or suffer pain so it looks like this thesis is about to be challenged over the coming weeks and months but certainly one thing we do know which is this if China can export its way to GDP growth it's going to focus more on the domestic economy and when you look at China's sinking stock market there's a lot more pressure to accelerate the fiscal and monetary stimulus that's been announced earlier but but that pivot from being the factory of the world to looking at economic growth fuel by domestic demand is not an easy transition and actually it's something China's been trying to do for a few years now really since the global pandemic so how will it make that shift I mean I'm looking at Goldman Sachs who's now saying the impact on the Chinese economy could be something like four and a half percent this year of a reduction in GDP growth that is a challenge China is trying to deal with because it looks like at least based on the recent purchasing managers index data for March the economy looks like it's stabilizing and that there is still a lot of potential for aggregate demand growth and that things and stimulus such as cutting rates still have yet to happen so there are still potential but that is true China has stuck to its 5% growth target this year that was certainly announced during the recent two sessions and how likely it's going to meet that 5% growth target in a way that people feel safe and comfortable going forward that is still very much an open question okay Han Lin from the Asia Group thank you for giving us your take on the challenges facing China well let's now talk to someone who is glued to the screens a trader who an investor Dan Ives who's the global head of tech research at Wedbush securities Dan how are you doing I mean look I'd tell you 25 years doing this through dot-com bubble burst financial crisis COVID I think this is probably the scariest days that I've seen in my career I must admit Dan I'm going to agree with you on that because I've been working in financial journalism as long as you have I remember the dot-com bubble bursting at the end of the 90s as you say the financial crisis to 2008 COVID this feels more intense and the gyrations are much more severe so why is that because you don't know the rules of the game and ultimately these are things where when you talk about turning around you know once this snowball starts going downhill you can't stop it and I believe as these go into effect the recessions almost guaranteed in the US and I think this is it's an economic Armageddon that's self-inflicted in my opinion it's the worst policy move out of the White House in a hundred years so you are not on board then with the president who says okay I know this is explosive I know this is painful but in the long term America will be the winner we are making America great again America wealthy again is that not what will happen the opposite because I mean someone like myself it's been 25 years in around the supply chain in Asia in China in Taiwan it's a fictional tale that you're gonna make iPhones in the US and the market is not Republican or Democrat it's telling news reality and in news math and that's why stocks are selling off and that's what but this is gonna go down in history unfortunately it's gonna be a dark chapter and I just believe the pressure is gonna continue to mount in DC on Wall Street then negotiations are gonna start because this cannot be at this level it continues to be an absurd situation unfortunately it's consumers that are gonna be paying for it and Dan you've been over the years that I've spoken to you extremely bullish on on Tesla also Apple as well which has been the darling of the market and seen as a solid stock and yet obviously Apple is so exposed to all of this what's your take on those kind of companies that have been massively sold off and in and Tesla in particular and Elon Musk and his role in all of this not that he's involved with tariffs specifically but of course his alignment with President Trump look I think no industry has heard more than these time in US tech it could take US tech sector back a decade at the same point there for the first time in 30 years US has ahead of China well when it comes to tech in my opinion when it comes to AI revolution look I mean longer term our bullish stands for means and we haven't downgraded stock but I'll tell you when it comes to Musk he has to get out of government it's actually not a choice at this point Tesla's become a political symbol it's been a debacle of epic proportions and look clock struck midnight he needs to leave the US government in terms of his role
唐納德-特朗普（Donald Trump）首次宣佈他的計劃已經一週了，我們現在看到的是這些關稅在全球範圍內的全面威力，正如白宮所描述的那樣，最嚴重的國家現在已經感受到了這些關稅的重量，你也提到了中國，104%的關稅是中國沒有收回對美國產品徵收關稅的結果。這正是唐納德-特朗普所希望的，他將其描述為爆炸性的，他說你必須稍微動搖一下，這可能有點輕描淡寫，當你衡量國際上的反應，以及國內越來越多的反應時，我們看到人們對日常產品，如食品，如服裝，感到擔憂。在預計未來幾天物價上漲之前，人們開始儘可能地在家中囤積這些商品

印度和巴基斯坦同意停止越界射擊。 (India and Pakistan agree to stop cross-border firing)

01:45

印度和巴基斯坦同意停止越界射擊。 (India and Pakistan agree to stop cross-border firing)

But the truce has frayed in recent years and there have been mounting casualties among villages living close to the de facto border.
但近年來，休戰已經破裂，生活在事實上的邊界附近的村莊的傷亡人數不斷增加。

【 DW新聞】2022年世界將面臨哪些挑戰？ (What challenges can the world expect in 2022? | DW News)

08:35

【 DW新聞】2022年世界將面臨哪些挑戰？ (What challenges can the world expect in 2022? | DW News)

Taiwan opened a de facto embassy in Lithuania, prompting a furious reaction from Beijing. Lithuania will open its representative office in Taiwan in early 2022.
臺灣在立陶宛開設了駐立陶宛台灣代表處，引起北京的激烈反應，立陶宛將在 2022 年初在臺灣成立駐台經貿代表處。

麵包 1.2 (Bun 1.2)

05:52

麵包 1.2 (Bun 1.2)

S3 is the de facto standard for object storage and even predates Node.js.
S3 是對象存儲的事實標準，甚至早於 Node.js。

華為到底怎麼了？！揭開華為被全面封殺的秘密！ (The Huawei ban is MUCH bigger than you think)

04:39

華為到底怎麼了？！揭開華為被全面封殺的秘密！ (The Huawei ban is MUCH bigger than you think)

There's a small carve-out for maintaining phones that have already shipped, but basically, it means a de facto ban on US companies selling to Huawei.
雖然通融已出貨的手機繼續販賣，但基本上這表示美國的公司對華為販賣商品的行為已經是個心照不宣的禁令。