Name: 海地第一任也是最後一任國王----馬琳-多特； (The first and last king of Haiti - Marlene Daut)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T08:39:34.000Z
Duration: 5 min 11 s

The royal couple of Haiti rode into their  coronation to thunderous applause.

譯者: Clement Fu 審譯者: Helen Chang

副詞型分詞構句

After receiving his ornate  crown and scepter,

海地皇室伉儷徐徐駛進加冕會場

Henry Christophe ascended his throne,  towering 20 meters in the air.

國王在如雷掌聲中接過皇冠、權仗

But little did the cheering onlookers  know that the first king of Haiti

亨利·克里斯托夫 (Henry  Christophe) 登上離地 20 米的寶座

Enslaved at birth on the  island of Grenada,

Christophe spent his childhood being  moved between multiple Caribbean islands.

在島嶼國家格瑞那達 (Grenada) 生為奴隸

國王的童年遷徙多個加勒比海群島

he accompanied his master to aid the  American revolutionaries

This prolonged siege would be Christophe's first encounter with violent revolution.

身陷薩凡納戰役  (Battle of Savannah)

這場持久城戰讓國王初嘗勇武革命

about Christophe's life immediately  after the war.

we know he worked as a mason  and a waiter at a hotel

in the French colony of Saint-Domingue,  as Haiti was then known.

後世知道他當過石匠、客棧小二

In 1791, when the colony's  slaves rose up in rebellion,

在法屬殖民地聖多明哥  (Saint-Domingue) 謀生，即今海地

Christophe got another opportunity  to fight for freedom.

1791 年，當殖民地奴隸群起叛變

Led by Toussaint Louverture, the rebels  fought against plantation owners,

克里斯托夫再遇上爭取自由的契機

as well as British and Spanish forces  seeking control of the island.

首領杜桑·盧維杜爾 (Toussaint  Louverture) 率同一眾義士

Christophe quickly rose  through the ranks,

反抗廠主，以至染指掌控 島嶼的英國和西班牙部隊

proving himself the equal of more  experienced generals.

Louverture had successfully liberated  all of Saint-Domingue's enslaved people,

and by 1801 he'd established the  island as a semi-autonomous colony.

盧維杜爾成功解放聖多明哥奴民

But during this time, Napoleon Bonaparte  had assumed power in France,

1801 年建立起島上半自主殖民地

and made it his mission to restore  slavery and French authority

與此同時，拿破崙·波拿巴 (Napoleon Bonaparte) 在法國登位

French attempts to reinstate slavery  met fierce resistance,

with General Christophe even  burning the capital city

Finally, the rebellion and an  outbreak of yellow fever

forced French soldiers to withdraw—  but the fight was not without casualties.

Louverture was captured,  and left to die in a French prison;

迫使法軍撤退，但一仗功成豈無枯骨

a fate that Christophe's nine-year-old son would share only a few years later.

盧維杜爾淪為俘虜，法軍牢中終歿

就數年後，克里斯托夫 9 歲大的兒子也遭逢同一厄運

Christophe and generals Jean-Jacques  Dessalines and Alexandre Pétion

rose to prominent positions  in the new government.

讓-雅克·德薩林 (Jean-Jacques Dessalines) 和亞歷山大·佩蒂翁 (Alexandre Pétion)

In 1804, Dessalines was proclaimed  the emperor of independent Haiti.

But his desire to hold exclusive power  alienated his supporters.

1804 年德薩林自擁海地獨立後始皇

Eventually, Dessalines' rule incited  a political conspiracy

獨攬大權的欲望卻為支持者所背棄

最終，德薩林治下激起政治圖謀

The subsequent power struggle led to a  Civil War, which split the country in two.

By 1807, Christophe was governing as  president of the north in Cap-Haïtien,

之後權爭引來內戰，國家一分為二

and Pétion was ruling the south  from Port-au-Prince.

1807 年克里斯托夫北據海地角 (Cap-Haïtien) 成為北方總統

Pétion tried to stay true to the  revolution's democratic roots

佩蒂翁則坐鎮太子港  (Port-au-Prince) 統領南方

by modeling his republic after  the United States.

佩蒂翁嘗試忠於革命的民主初心

He even supported anti-colonial  revolutionaries in other nations.

These policies endeared  him to his people,

but they slowed trade and economic growth.

Christophe, conversely, had more  aggressive plans for an independent Haiti.

He redistributed land to the people, while retaining state control of agriculture.

克里斯托夫卻對獨立海地鴻圖大計

He also established trade with  many foreign nations,

他配給人民土地，農業卻集權中央

including Great Britain and  the United States,

and pledged non-interference  with their foreign policies.

He even built a massive Citadel in case  the French tried to invade again.

To accomplish all of this, Christophe  instituted mandatory labor,

甚至築起巨大堡壘以防法軍再侵襲

and to strengthen his authority,  he crowned himself king in 1811.

為樹立偉績，克里斯托夫強徵勞工

During his reign, he lived in an  elegant palace called Sans Souci

為鞏固勢力，1811 年更自封為王

along with his wife and their  three remaining children.

在位其間他與王后及其餘三名子女

Christophe's kingdom oversaw rapid  development of trade, industry, culture,

住在冠冕堂皇的聖蘇西宮 (Sans Souci)

治下王國貿易、工業、文化、教育

He imported renowned European  artists to Haiti's cultural scene,

as well as European teachers, in order  to establish public education.

But while the king was initially  popular among his subjects,

his labor mandates were an  uncomfortable reminder

of the slavery Haitians fought to destroy.

Over time, his increasingly authoritarian  policies lost support,

and his opponents to the south  gained strength.

與日俱增的鐵腕統治終歸失去人心

In October 1820, his reign finally  reached its tragic conclusion.

Months after a debilitating stroke  left him unable to govern,

1820 年 10 月，統治終以悲劇收場

key members of his military  defected to southern forces.

中風後數個月國王憔悴無力執政

Betrayed and despondent,  the king committed suicide.

Today, the traces of Christophe's  complicated history

國王眾叛落寞下自盡，一死謝天下

can still be found in the crumbling  remains of his palaces,

and in Haiti's legacy as the first nation  to permanently abolish slavery.