Name: 《聖經》系列 1 ：「上帝」概念的導言 (Biblical Series I: Introduction to the Idea of God)
Uploaded: 2019-11-18T14:49:12.000Z
Duration: 2 h 38 min 29 s

《聖經》故事的心理學意義 第一講 「上帝」概念的導言 喬丹 · B · 皮特森

本字幕中在涉及《聖經》原文時 所採用譯文均以《國語和合本》（「上帝」版）為準

Well, thank you all very much for coming to this.

《聖經》故事的心理學意義 喬丹 · B · 皮特森博士 第一講 2017 年 5 月 16 日

It's really shocking to me that you don't have anything better to do on a Tuesday night. [AUDIENCE LAUGHTER]

I mean, it's very strange in some sense that there's so many of you here to listen to a sequence of lectures on the psychological significance of the Biblical stories.

大家在週二晚上真的閒得沒事幹

It's something I've wanted to do for a long time, but it still does surprise me that there's a ready audience for it.

So that's good, so we'll see how it goes.

I'll start with this because this is the right question.

關於《聖經》故事的心理學意義的系列講座

The right question is why bother doing this.

And I don't mean why should I bother doing it.

但讓我吃驚的是竟然真的會有人樂意來聽

I have my own reasons for doing it, but you might think, well, why bother with this strange, old book at all?

我想以此作為開始 是因為這個問題非常合理

我的意思不是說為什麼應該費這個勁

document that's been cobbled together over thousands of years.

何苦要和這本奇怪的古書過不去

It's outlasted kingdoms, many,  many kingdoms, you know?

It's very interesting, it turns out that a book is more durable than stone.

這份矛盾的文獻已經被拼湊成書好幾千年了

這真是很有意思 一本書比磐石還堅韌

它比城堡和帝國還能經得住歲月的考驗

That something, in some sense, so evanescent, can be so long living.

So there's that, that's kind of a mystery.

如此轉瞬即逝的東西會存續這麼久

I'm approaching this whole scenario, this Biblical stories as if they're a mystery, fundamentally.

所以如此說來 這就像是一個謎了

Because they are, there's a lot we don't understand about them.

We don't understand how they came about. We don't really understand how they were put together.

We don't understand why they had such an unbelievable impact on civilization.

We don't understand how people could have believed them.

其中還有很多我們不理解的東西

We don't understand what it means that we don't believe them now, or even what it would mean if we did believe them.

And then, on top of all that, there's the additional problem, which isn't specific to me, but is certainly relevant to me,

我們不明白他們是以何種方式拼湊在一起的

that no matter how educated you are, you're not educated enough to discuss the psychological significance of the Biblical stories.

它們會對文明有如此難以置信的影響力

Partly because I want to learn more about them, and one of the things I've learned is that the best way to learn about something is to talk about it.

我們不明白怎麼人們還相信過這些故事

And when I'm lecturing, I'm thinking, you know, I'm not trying to tell you what I know for sure to be the case.

我們也不知道如今不相信它們意味著什麼

Because there's lots of things I don't know for sure to be the case.

如果我們相信這些故事意味著什麼

And I have been doing this for a long time.

這個問題不是僅限於我 但一定與我相關

那就是 不論你受教育程度有多高

Nietzsche was a devastating critic of, I would say, dogmatic Christianity.

你都積累不了足夠的學識去討論

Christianity as it was instantiated in institutions.

I suppose... although he's a very paradoxical thinker.

For example, one of the things Nietzsche said was that he didn't believe that the scientific revolution would have ever got off the ground

And more specifically, for Catholicism because he believed that over the course of, really, a thousand years,

學習某件事物的最佳途徑之一就是講述

the European mind, so to speak, had to train itself to interpret everything that was known within a single, coherent framework.

Coherent if you accept the initial axioms.

我並不是力圖告訴你我確信的事實

因為這其中還有很多我不確定的東西

So Nietzsche believed that that Catholicization of the phenomena of life and of history produced the kind of mind that was then capable of transcending its dogmatic foundations

and then concentrating on something else.

並且我做這件事已經有很長一段時間了

Which, in this particular case, happened to be the natural world.

你們可能知道 也可能不知道 我很仰慕尼采

And so Nietzsche believed that, in some sense, that Christianity died at its own hand that spent a very long period of time trying to attune people to the necessity of the truth.

尼采是教條式基督教的強有力的批評者

Absent corruption and all of that, that's always part of any human endeavor.

這裡是指當基督教由機構具現化時的狀況

And then the truth, the spirit of the truth that was developed by Christianity turned on the roots of Christianity.

然而 他是一個自相矛盾的思想家

And everyone woke up and said or thought something like, "Well how is it that we came to believe any of this?"

It's like waking up one day and noting that you really don't know why you put the Christmas tree up.

他不相信如果不是因為基督教的話

You'd been doing it for a long time, and that's what people do, you know, and there are reasons that Christmas trees came about.

But the ritual lasts long after the reasons have been forgotten.

So, now Nietzsche, although he was a critic of Christianity, and also a champion of its disciplinary capacity, because you see, the other thing that Nietzsche believed was

他相信 在一千年的歷史程序當中

it's not possible to be free, in some sense, unless you have been a slave.

歐洲人已經將他們的思維方式訓練成了

By that he meant that you don't go from childhood to full-fledged adult individuality.

You go from childhood to a state of discipline, which you might think is akin to slavery,

to self-imposed slavery, that would be the best scenario, where you have to discipline yourself to become something specific,

如果你接受初始公理的話它就是連貫的

before you might be able to re-attain the generality that you had as a child.

And he believed that Christianity had played that role for Western civilization.

尼采認為將生命和歷史現象的天主教化

But, in the late 1800s, he announced that God was dead.

催生了一種思維方式 它能夠超越

And you often hear of that as something triumphant.

它的教條基礎並聚焦於其他事物之上

But for Nietzsche, it wasn't because he was too nuanced a thinker to be that simple-minded.

在這種情況下 它恰好就是自然世界

See, Nietzsche understood that, this is something I'm going to try to make clear, is that

尼采覺得基督教是葬送在自己手裡的

there's a very large amount that we don't know about the structure of experience, that we don't know about reality.

And we have our articulated representations of the world, and then you can think of outside of that: there are things we know absolutely nothing about.

And those are things we sort of know something about.

而墮落往往是人類企圖中的一部分

We don't know them in an articulated way, here's an example.

真理 真理精神 是從基督教發展出來的

You know sometimes you're arguing with someone close to you and they're in a bad mood, you know?

And they're being touchy and unreasonable and you keep the conversation up.

And maybe all of the sudden they get angry, or maybe they cry.

我們怎麼就開始相信這些東西了

And then when they cry, they figure out what they're angry about and it has nothing to do with you, even though you might have been what precipitated the argument.

這就像是有一天你醒來然後發現

And that's an interesting phenomena as far as I'm concerned, because it means that people can know things at one level without being able to speak what they know at another.

你確實不知道為什麼要立起一顆聖誕樹

So in some sense, the thoughts rise up from the body, and they do that in moods, and they do that in images, and they do that in actions.

And we have all sorts of ways that we understand before we understand in a fully articulated manner.

So we have this articulated space that we can all discuss and then outside of that we have something that is more akin to a dream that we're embedded in.

It's an emotional dream that we're embedded in.

原因被遺忘之後這項儀式卻依舊存續著

That's based, at least in part, on our actions, I'll describe that later.

And then outside of that is what we don't know anything about at all.

And in that dream, that's where the mystics live, and that's where the artists live.

And they're the mediators between the absolute unknown and the things we know for sure.

若你不曾是奴隸便無法獲得自由

You see, what that means in some sense is what we know is established on a form of knowledge that we don't really understand.

And that if those two things are out of sync, so you might say if our articulated knowledge is out of sync with our dream,

你不會從童稚時期躍向成熟的成人個性

We think things we don't act out and we act out things we don't dream.

這就可以理解為類似自我施加的奴役

And that produces a kind of sickness of the spirit.

And that sickness of the spirit, its cure is something like an integrated system of belief and representation.

在你有可能重拾孩提時期的一般性之前

And then people turn to things like ideologies, which I regard as parasites on an underlying religious substructure

你必須自律成為某種確切的個體

to try to organize their thinking, and then that's a catastrophe.

You see, he knew that when we knocked the slats out of the base of Western civilization by destroying this representation, this "god ideal," let's say,

但是在 19 世紀末他宣佈「上帝已死」

that we would destabilize and move back and forth violently between nihilism and the extremes of ideology.

你會經常聽到這句話以得意洋洋的口吻呈現著