Ever since rich British folks invented dog shows as a spectator sport in the late 1800s,

自從西元 1800 年後期富裕的英國人發明了犬展這個運動之後

people have been parading pooches around with the goal of taking the top spot in their dogs'

人們便開始帶著犬隻遊行，一心想拿下所謂「品種犬」

so-called “breed group.”

中的冠軍

These breed groups are based on the historical jobs dogs were bred to do, with game-retrievers

這些品種分類是根據狗狗們被培育時所賦予的任務性質而有所不同

like labs and spaniels in the sporting group, guard dogs like dobermans and mastiffs in

像是會將獵物取回的拉布拉多，還有西班牙獵犬被歸類在槍獵犬，而杜賓跟獒犬這類的護衛犬

the working group, and herding dogs like collies and sheepdogs in, well, the herding group.

屬於工作犬，牧羊犬及護羊犬則理所當然被歸於牧羊犬中

And although most dogs today are just butt-sniffing layabouts, their breed group still influences

雖然現在的狗狗們幾乎都是在互聞屁股和四處遊蕩，但他們所屬的品種還是會影響

how we think about them.

人們對牠們的看法

Which is why dog breed organizations describe dogs in the sporting group as attentive, dogs

而這就是為什麼狗狗品種協會認為槍獵犬是很殷勤的

in the herding group as smart, and dogs in the working group as courageous – but perhaps

牧羊犬很聰明，而工作犬很勇敢

unsuited for families with young kids.

但有可能不適合有小孩的家庭

However, two decades of canine research have revealed that while dogs in a given breed

然而在20多年的犬隻研究當中發現同一類型的狗狗常會有相同的技能

group often share certain skills, they don't really have that much else in common.

但除此之外並沒有相同之處了

In one study in Sweden, researchers ran more than 13,000 dogs of 31 different breeds through

在瑞典有個研究，研究員透過一項充滿聲音、驚喜還有人類的擁抱的研究項目

a course full of sounds, surprises, and random humans attempting to snuggle.

來測試一萬三千隻，共有 31 種不同品種的狗狗

They found that levels of playfulness, curiosity, sociability, and aggression did not differ

他們發現愛玩的程度、好奇心、社交性和攻擊性

among breed groups.

並沒有因為不同品種而有差異

Even weirder, it turned out that golden retrievers are more similar to Rottweilers than they

更奇怪的是黃金獵犬 (槍獵犬) 和羅威拿犬 (工作犬) 的相似程度

are to their fellow sporting dogs, and Boxers are more like Labs than they are like other

比起同樣是槍獵犬的品種高出許多，而拳師犬 (工作犬) 與拉布拉多 (槍獵犬) 的相似程度

working dogs.

也比其他工作犬來得高

In fact, most dogs act more like breeds outside their group than they act like other breeds

事實上，幾乎所有的狗狗都與他們不同類別的品種

within their group.

比較相近

What's more, dozens of canine intelligence studies have shown that, when it comes to

甚至有許多針對狗狗的智力研究指出

skills like solving mazes and following commands, all breed groups perform about the same, even

狗狗若遇到像是解決難題和服從指令這類的技能，幾乎所有犬種都表現得差不多

though some individual dogs are definitely smarter than others.

當然還是有某些狗狗相對聰明

So have dog enthusiasts somehow been imagining all of these differences among breed groups?

所以不同品種之間的差異都是狗狗狂熱者所想像出來的嗎？

Maybe...psychology research suggests that once we begin to see something in a particular

有可能吧...心理學研究指出當我們有先入為主想法後

way, we naturally seek out evidence that strengthens that image, and ignore evidence that undermines

我們自然地會朝著這個方向去找尋有力的證據，

it.

當然也同時會忽略不利的證據

But the truth is that you can't judge a bark by its cover.

但事實上你不能以貌取狗

Hey, it's Kate - and this is my adorable rascal, Watson.

嘿 我是 Kate，這是我可愛的搗蛋鬼，Watson

Hopefully, you enjoyed watching this video - we had a ton of fun making it.

希望你們喜歡這部影片，我們在製作過程中很愉快

Come join us in the comments section, where we can chat about dog breeds, and confirmation

一起加入我們的留言討論吧！我們可以聊聊犬種的分類

bias, and you can share your dogs with us!

討論不同的意見，你也可以跟我們分享你的狗狗

Also, if you like what we do, please consider joining our Patreon community at Patreon.com/MinuteEarth.

還有，如果你喜歡我們，請考慮到 Patreon.com/MinuteEarth 加入及贊助我們

Our patrons help us continue making videos about the weird and wonderful planet we call

我們的贊助人協助我們製作影片，而影片是有關我們稱為家的這個奇妙星球

home - and they get access to some pretty cool exclusive perks along the way.

而贊助人會獲得又酷又特別的好處

If you can't support us, no worries - just make sure you subscribe to MinuteEarth to

但如果你不能贊助我們也別擔心，只要記得訂閱 MinuteEarth

get access to all our latest videos.

準時收看我們最新的影片即可

Thanks, and we'll see you next time.

謝謝，那我們下次再見囉！