Name: 【TED】Dan Ariely：談論我們受干擾的道德準則 Our buggy moral code
Uploaded: 2013-08-07T07:09:57.000Z
Duration: 16 min 21 s

我對非理性的行為態度產生興趣

從很多年以前開始，在一個醫院裏

And if you spend a lot of time in hospital,

you'll see a lot of types of irrationalities.

你將會看見許多不同類型的荒謬

And the one that particularly bothered me in the burn department

在醫院的燒燙傷部門讓我最難以接受的荒謬

was the process by which the nurses took the bandage off me.

發生在護士為我拆除繃帶的時候

Now, you must have all taken a Band-Aid off at some point,

每個人應該都有使用OK繃的經驗

and you must have wondered what's the right approach.

你也應該想過怎樣撕掉才是最好的

Do you rip it off quickly -- short duration but high intensity --

你是瞬間撕開 － 時間短但很痛

or do you take your Band-Aid off slowly --

you take a long time, but each second is not as painful --

which one of those is the right approach?

The nurses in my department thought that the right approach

當時在我部門的護士認為一次快速的撕開才是正確的

was the ripping one, so they would grab hold and they would rip,

and they would grab hold and they would rip.

And because I had 70 percent of my body burned, it would take about an hour.

當時我身體有百分之七十的燒傷，整個過程要一個小時

I hated that moment of ripping with incredible intensity.

我非常痛恨撕開繃帶 極端痛苦的那刻

And I would try to reason with them and say,

maybe two hours instead of an hour -- and have less of this intensity?"

或許兩個小時 － 讓痛苦不要這麼強烈？"

They told me that they had the right model of the patient --

她們告訴我她們知道什麼對患者是最好的

that they knew what was the right thing to do to minimize my pain --

and they also told me that the word patient doesn't mean

to make suggestions or to interfere or ...

不包括”提出建議”或“嘗試干涉”

It's in every language I've had experience with so far.

幾乎我目前遇見的所有語言都是如此

And, you know, there's not much -- there wasn't much I could do,

and they kept on doing what they were doing.

And about three years later, when I left the hospital,

And one of the most interesting lessons I learned

我在學校裏學的最有趣的事情是

that if you have a question you can create a replica of this question

你可以靠複製經驗 來嘗試找出解答

in some abstract way, and you can try to examine this question,

抽象地說，你可以試著檢驗你的問題

in this question of how do you take bandages off burn patients.

如何撕開患者身上的繃帶這個問題很有興趣

so I went to a hardware store and I bought a carpenter's vice.

我去五金行買了一個木匠用的老虎鉗

And I would bring people to the lab and I would put their finger in it,

我把那些來到實驗室的人的手指放到裏面

And I would crunch it for long periods and short periods,

我會用較長的時間或較短的時間擠壓

and pain that went up and pain that went down,

那些較為嚴重的痛 和較輕微的痛

and with breaks and without breaks -- all kinds of versions of pain.

有休息的 和沒有休息的 － 許多不同種類的痛

And when I finished hurting people a little bit, I would ask them,

當我結束傷害他們的時候，我會問

so, how painful was this? Or, how painful was this?

Or, if you had to choose between the last two,

And then, like all good academic projects, I got more funding.

就像所有優秀的學術研究一樣，我有更多資金

I even had a pain suit that I could get people to feel much more pain.

我甚至製作了一件“疼痛服”讓人們能感受到更多痛楚

what I learned was that the nurses were wrong.

Here were wonderful people with good intentions

and plenty of experience, and nevertheless

they were getting things wrong predictably all the time.

It turns out that because we don't encode duration

I would have had less pain if the duration would have been longer

It turns out it would have been better to start with my face,

最好的方法是從最痛的臉部開始

which was much more painful, and move toward my legs,

giving me a trend of improvement over time --

And it also turns out that it would have been good

to give me breaks in the middle to kind of recuperate from the pain.

All of these would have been great things to do,

這所有的方法都能改善我當時的情況

And from that point on I started thinking,

are the nurses the only people in the world who get things wrong

這些護士是全世界唯一有這種錯誤認知的人

in this particular decision, or is it a more general case?

在這件特別的事情上，還是這其實是一種普遍現象？

And it turns out it's a more general case --

於是我發現 其實這是一個普遍現象

And I want to give you one example of one of these irrationalities,

and I want to talk to you about cheating.

And the reason I picked cheating is because it's interesting,

我選擇作弊的原因是因為它很有趣

也因為它也為我們現在股市的現狀

about the stock market situation we're in.

when Enron came on the scene, exploded all of a sudden,

美國安隆公司突然爆發醜聞開始

and I started thinking about what is happening here.

a few apples who are capable of doing these things,

or are we talking a more endemic situation,

that many people are actually capable of behaving this way?

So, like we usually do, I decided to do a simple experiment.

於是，我們決定故技重施，進行一些簡單的試驗

If you were in the experiment, I would pass you a sheet of paper

如果你參加了這個實驗，我會給你一張紙

with 20 simple math problems that everybody could solve,

上面有二十個人人能解決的簡單數學問題