Name: 讀心術有可能嗎？(Is It Possible To SEE Someone's Memories?)
Uploaded: 2019-04-15T21:01:10.000Z
Duration: 4 min 1 s

嗨大家好！歡迎來到 Life Noggin。

The ability to control or see into someone else's mind seems like a feat of the distant future.

擁有能控制或看穿他人心思的能力，看似一項未來遙不可及的功績。

It's up there with flying cars and inhabiting different planets and maybe getting a date.

就像那些能在空中飛翔的車子，還有能夠定居在其他不同星球又或許在星球上約會的夢想。

It seems like something out of a sci-fi movie.

But actually, it's being done in real life scientific research already.

但事實上，現實生活中已經做過這樣的科學實驗了。

Now, it hasn't exactly gotten to the level of Jedi mind tricks, but it's still pretty astonishing.

雖然還沒完全到達星際大戰中絕地控心術的境界，但結果已十分驚人。

In 2012, a graduate student and researcher at MIT conducted a study in which they implanted false memories into the brains of mice.

在 2012 年，麻省理工學院的研究生及研究員執行一項研究，他們將一些虛假的記憶植入老鼠的腦中。

In their study, they would place a mouse into a metal box.

在這項研究中，他們會將一隻老鼠放進鐵盒中。

The expected response from a mouse in this situation would be to explore its new environment, but some of the mice reacted very differently.

在這個情況下，他們預期老鼠會去探索新的環境，但其中有些老鼠的反應卻與預期大不相同。

The mice froze up, as if being inside the box had invoked a negative memory.

有些老鼠僵住不動，好似待在盒子裡會激起負面的回憶。

In fact, before being placed in the box, these mice had essentially been given a fake memory of receiving an electric shock inside that box.

事實上，在放入盒子之前，這些老鼠基本上就已經被置入一個假的記憶，那就是待在鐵盒裡會遭受電擊的記憶。

They froze up in fear because they remembered being shocked in that same box earlier, even though that had never happened!

牠們害怕地僵住不動，因為牠們記得先前曾經在一樣的盒子裡被電擊，即便那根本從未發生過！

They injected a mixture of chemicals into a part of the mice's brains involved in memory formation called the dentate gyrus.

他們將化學混合物注射到老鼠腦中的一個區塊，就是與記憶從形成到儲存相關的齒狀回。

Among the chemicals was a gene for a protein called channelrhodopsin-2, which reacts to light.

其中一種化學物質叫做光敏感通道蛋白-2 基因，它會對光線產生反應。

After being injected, the cells in the dentate gyrus would begin to produce channelrhodopsin-2, making the cells themselves sensitive to light as well.

被注射後，齒狀回中的細胞就會開始製造光敏感通道蛋白-2，讓細胞本身也開始對光線感到敏感。

The idea behind the light sensitivity was that the memory formed by these cells could be reactivated by the light of a laser, causing the mouse to recall the memory.

光敏感的概念其實是想讓這些記憶形成細胞能夠被雷射光線激活，使老鼠能夠喚起記憶。

To create the false memory, the researchers started by putting the mice in box A, where they were allowed to explore, and form a memory of the box's particular shape and scent.

為了要創造出錯誤記憶，研究員首先將老鼠放入 A 箱子裡，牠們能盡情地探索箱中的世界，進而對箱子特定的形狀和氣味形成記憶。

Later, the mice were placed in box B, but during their exploration they received a shock to the foot, and at the exact same time, the laser was used to activate their memory of box A.

而後，老鼠被放進 B 箱子裡，但在牠們探索箱中世界時腳底遭受到了電擊，與此同時放出雷射光線來激起牠們對於 A 箱子的記憶。

Finally, the next day they were put back into box A, where the false memory of a shock occurring in that box made them freeze in fear.

隔天，牠們被放回 A 箱子裡，此時，以為會在箱中遭受電擊的錯誤記憶讓牠們深陷恐懼而僵住身子不動。

Follow-up studies have been done in the past few years too, from changing a negative memory to be positive to erasing a memory completely.

過去幾年也把後續的研究陸續完成了，從將負面的記憶改為正面的，到完全移除掉一項記憶。

These studies have been groundbreaking for a lot of reasons.

Including that they've shown that a pinpointed group of cells can be responsible for forming a memory, something that scientists had been struggling to prove.

因為他們都驗證了有確切的一群細胞負責形成記憶，這是過去科學家難以去證實的。

But what if you wanted to go beyond seeing where in the brain a memory is created, and actually see the memory itself?

但你如果想更進一步去看究竟腦中的哪個部位創造了記憶，而且真的能看到記憶本身呢？

Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley have found a way to do almost exactly that.

加州大學柏克萊分校的科學家已經找到一個幾乎能達到那個境界的方法了。

The team played movie trailers for their subjects while a functioning fMRI, measured blood flow through the subjects' visual cortex, the part of the brain dedicated to processing visual information.

這個團隊播放電影預告片讓受測者看，這時開始運作的功能性核磁共振造影測量了流經過受測者視覺皮質的血流量，那是腦中處理視覺訊息的部位。

The blood flow information was put into a computer program that matched the brains' reactions with specific visual information in the movie trailers.

將血流量的資料輸入電腦程式中，並和腦中對於電影預告片中特定的視覺訊息產生的反應做配對。

The computer program then analyzed 300,000 minutes of random YouTube videos, I hope I was in one of them, and then it created its own set of hypothetical brain activity for each YouTube clip, based on the brain activity it saw in response to the movie trailers.

之後電腦程式開始隨機分析三十萬分鐘的 YouTube 影片，我希望我的影片也在其中，並根據大腦對於電影預告片所做出的活動反應為每一部影片創造了一套專屬於它、假設性的大腦活動數據。

The program then combined some of the many clips to reproduce brain activity most similar to what it had previously observed.

之後這個程式會去結合其中的許多片段，重新產生類似先前觀察到的大腦活動。

And that's what made up the clips that are supposed to represent what the subjects saw in the movie trailers.

而那就是組成這些片段的元素，應該要能夠代表受測者在電影預告片中所看到的東西。

The ability to tap into someone else's mind and watch their memories hasn't quite been perfected.

擁有發掘某人心思，以及看穿他們記憶的能力還尚未被完成。

The computer program didn't recreate every image the subjects saw with great accuracy, but the potential is clearly big.

電腦程式也沒能將受測者所看到的每一個圖像精準地再造出來，但很明顯，這有著極大的潛力。

So would you let someone see your memories?

所以你想讓別人一窺你的記憶嗎？

Let's have a discussion in the comment section below, and if you want to watch more videos related to the brain, then you should definitely check out a video we did on synaesthesia.

聯覺就是當一種感官受到刺激時，能同時引起不同感覺的刺激，例如具有聯覺能力的人可能可以聽到顏色或品嘗字母。

Synaesthesia is when the stimulation of one sense causes the stimulation of a different sense at the same time.

聯覺就是當一種感官受到刺激時，能同時引起不同感覺的刺激，

For example, someone with synaesthesia might be able to hear colors or taste letters.

例如具有聯覺能力的人可能可以聽到顏色或品嘗字母。

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讀心術有可能嗎？(Is It Possible To SEE Someone's Memories?)

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