Name: TED】Alice Rawsthorn:海盜、護士和其他反叛設計師 (Pirates, nurses and other rebel designers | Alice Rawsthorn) (【TED】Alice Rawsthorn: Pirates, nurses and other rebel designers (Pirates, nurses and other rebel designers | Alice Rawsthorn))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:52:54.000Z
Duration: 11 min 45 s

Design is a slippery and elusive phenomenon,

「設計」是一閃即逝的靈光乍現。

which has meant different things at different times.

它在不同的時空， 有不同的含義。

情態副詞

But all truly inspiring design projects have one thing in common:

但所有真正激勵人心的設計， 都有一個共同點：

the greater the design feat that will be required to achieve it.

And this is why the greatest designers are almost always

這也是為什麼 最了不起的設計家總是那些

the biggest dreamers and rebels and renegades.

懷著雄心的夢想家， 叛逆份子與叛徒。

This has been the case throughout history,

of a remote, very poor and very small Asian country.

在一個遙遠、貧困的 亞洲小國登基為王。

He dreamt of acquiring land, riches and power

他夢想用武力征服領土、 財富以及權力。

would be essential in enabling him to do so.

所有的武器是以各不相同的規格， 手工打造而成。

all weapons were made by hand to different specifications.

當一個弓箭手在戰場上 用盡自己所有的箭，

So if an archer ran out of arrows during a battle,

他不見得能拿其它人的箭來發射。

they wouldn't necessarily be able to fire another archer's arrows

This of course meant that they would be less effective in combat

他堅持所有的弓與箭 都設計得一模一樣，

by insisting that all bows and arrows were designed identically,

且用相同的方式處理 匕首、斧頭、長矛和盾牌，

And he did the same for daggers, axes, spears, shields

他裝備精良的軍隊 贏了一場又一場的戰役。

His formidably equipped army won batter after battle,

鄰近所有比它強大而富有的國家，

his tiny kingdom had succeeded in conquering

all its larger, richer, more powerful neighbors,

會想到用「設計家」來稱呼嬴政。

would have thought of describing Ying Zheng as a designer at the time --

然而，他自然而然地使用設計，

And yet he used design unknowingly and instinctively

另一位不可多得的設計家也是如此。

相同地，他並非使用暴力 來達到他的目的。

And so did another equally improbable, accidental designer,

這是愛德華．蒂奇， 著名的英國海盜「黑鬍子」。

who was also not above using violence to get what he wanted.

This was Edward Teach, better known as the British pirate, Blackbeard.

where pirates like Teach were terrorizing the high seas.

像是蒂奇這樣更精明的海盜， 知道若要劫掠最多的贓物，

他們需要殘酷而猛烈地攻擊敵人，

And the smarter pirates like him realized that to maximize their spoils,

they needed to attack their enemies so brutally

他們可以不費彈藥地攻下船隻，

they could take the ships without wasting ammunition,

為此愛德華．蒂奇 重新打造自己成「黑鬍子」，

So Edward Teach redesigned himself as Blackbeard

他穿著厚重外套和大帽子， 以突顯他的身高，

by playing the part of a merciless brute.

並蓄起濃密的黑鬍子 來掩蓋他的臉。

He wore heavy jackets and big hats to accentuate his height.

He grew the bushy black beard that obscured his face.

He slung braces of pistols on either shoulder.

每當他的船隻準備攻擊， 就點燃火柴，發出兇狠的嘶鳴。

He even attached matches to the brim of his hat and set them alight,

so they sizzled menacingly whenever his ship was poised to attack.

他升起的旗幟上， 有令人毛骨悚然的符號：

he flew a flag that bore the macabre symbols

由於數百年來這些圖案 在不同的文化中都代表死亡。

of a human skull and a pair of crossed bones,

因此人們能在瞬間 明白它們的含義，

because those motifs had signified death in so many cultures for centuries,

即便是在沒有法律 與文字的公海上也一樣：

that their meaning was instantly recognizable,

even in the lawless, illiterate world of the high seas:

而他明智的受害者 皆在對峙之初就放棄扺抗。

So of course, all his sensible victims surrendered on sight.

很容易明白為什麼 愛德華．蒂奇和他的海盜，

可以被視為現代傳播設計的先行者，

it's easy to see why Edward Teach and his fellow pirates

could be seen as pioneers of modern communications design,

他們致命的符號， 這個骷髏頭的圖案，

why their deadly symbol of the skull and crossbones

就像我身後的這些巨大的紅色字母，

rather like the big red letters standing behind me,

此外，設計也被用在高尚的一方。

另一位同樣才華橫溢、 難以多得的設計家，

是十九世紀的英國護士 佛羅倫斯．南丁格爾。

by an equally brilliant and equally improbable designer,

她的使命是為眾人 提供良好的醫療服務。

the 19th-century British nurse, Florence Nightingale.

南丁格爾生於一個 富有的英國大家庭。

Her mission was to provide decent healthcare for everyone.

她自願在克里米亞戰爭 投入軍醫工作時，

Nightingale was born into a rather grand, very wealthy British family,

who were horrified when she volunteered to work in military hospitals

在骯髒惡臭的病房裡 受到感染的致死人數，

that more patients were dying of infections that they caught there,

去設計建造更乾淨明亮、 空氣流通的診所。

So she campaigned for cleaner, lighter, airier clinics

她堅持這些醫院也要 符合相同的設計與準則。

在接下來幾十年 成為醫院設計的主流。

and insisted that the same design principles were applied to them.

而其中的一些元素 一直延用到今日。

dominated hospital design for decades to come,

在工業時代， 設計僅被視為一項工具，

TED】Alice Rawsthorn:海盜、護士和其他反叛設計師 (Pirates, nurses and other rebel designers | Alice Rawsthorn) (【TED】Alice Rawsthorn: Pirates, nurses and other rebel designers (Pirates, nurses and other rebel designers | Alice Rawsthorn))

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TED】Alice Rawsthorn:海盜、護士和其他反叛設計師 (Pirates, nurses and other rebel designers | Alice Rawsthorn) (【TED】Alice Rawsthorn: Pirates, nurses and other rebel designers (Pirates, nurses and other rebel designers | Alice Rawsthorn))

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