today I've got a grammar video for you

今天的影片是文法影片

I know it's been a while since I did a grammar video

我知道在上支文法影片後已經過了很久

but a lot of you have asked for a video on modal verbs so here

但有很多人請我製作一支情態助動詞的影片

it is today I'm going to introduce you

所以今天我就要跟你介紹

to modal verbs i'm going to tell you the

情態助動詞，我要告訴你

rules how to use them when to use them

使用情態助動詞的規則跟時機

do note that there are a lot of

一定要做筆記，因為有許多

different situations in which you need to use different modal verbs

不同情況，你必須用不同的情態動詞

and it would be impossible for me to go through them all

而且要全部講完的話，對我來說是不可能的事

so this is an introduction and

所以這只是個入門

hopefully you will leave the lesson

希望你上完課後

feeling a lot more comfortable when using modal verbs

在使用情態動詞時會感到更自在

let's get started

讓我們開始上課吧

so firstly what are modal verbs well

所以，首先要知道情態助動詞是什麼

they are part of a larger category called auxiliary verbs

它們在助動詞中佔了很大一部分

and these are verbs that add meaning to another verb

這些動詞是為了讓其他動詞有更多意義

now modal verbs are special because they follow a

情態助動詞非常特別，因為它們遵循著一個

strict set of rules and they are used in a very specific way

嚴謹的法則，並且在特定的情形中使用

I'm going to talk about the nine modal verbs today don't

今天我會教各位 9 個情態助動詞

get them confused with the semi models

別把它們跟半情態助動詞搞混

that only follow some of the modal verb rules

半情態助動詞只遵循了一部份的情態助動詞規則

now if I ask you right now to tell

如果我現在要你告訴我

me the nine modal verbs

9 個情態助動詞有哪些

would you be able to tell me them

你可以馬上跟我說嗎？

if you can that's great but for those who can't

如果你可以，那很棒，但那些說不出來的人

I've got a really easy way of

我有個很簡單的辦法

remembering them we've got 3 m's 2 w's

讓你記得，情態助動詞裡有 3 個 m，2 個 w

two c's and two s' so when you

2 個 c 跟 2 個 s，所以當你

write them out in a pattern it's much

把它們依順序寫下來

much easier to remember them all

要全部記得就簡單多了

so we've got the 3 m's we've got must

3 個 m 包括，must

might and may we've then got the 2 w's will

might 跟 may，2 個 w 是 will

and would we then got the 2 c's can and

跟 would，2 個 c 是 can 跟

could and then the two S's shall and

could，2 個 s 是 shall 跟

should remember will and would are

should，記得 will 跟 would

special in spoken and informal language

在口語或非正式用法中很特別

they can be contracted so will can turn

它們可以變成縮寫，所以 will 可以變成

into ' Double L i will i'll and would

2 個 L， I will 會變成 I'll

can turn into apostrophe D so we have

would 會縮寫成 D

she would she'd

所以 she would 會變成 she'd

now the majority of these modal verbs express different

現在大部分的情態助動詞

meaning depending on the context

根據上下文會表現出不同的意義

so you really have to

所以你真的要

understand the sentence or question as a whole

了解整個句子或問題

I'm going to help you with this today later

今天我就要教你這個

on in the video we can talk about the

稍後的影片中我們會談到

different meanings that each modal verb

每個情態助動詞代表的不同意義

can express but firstly we need to go through the rules

但我們要先了解它們的規則

what can you do with them what can't you

你甚麼時候可以用

do with them without these rules you're

甚麼時候不能用，除去這些規則的話

going to find it very difficult to use them

你會發現很難用到那些情態動詞

but the good news is that all of

但好消息是

these rules apply to the nine modal

所有的規則都可以用在

verbs that we're looking at in this lesson

這堂課教的 9 個情態助動詞上

so rule number one

所以，規則一

infinitives come after modal verbs but without to

不定詞跟著情態動詞走，但不包括「to」

ok so we're saying i might eat pizza

好，我們會說，我也許會吃披薩

I can play football rule number 2

我可以踢足球。規則二

modal verbs take no s in the third person singular

情態助動詞之後，第三人稱單數不加 s

she must leave or it might happen

她一定得離開，或是，這或許會發生

rule number three modal verbs do not

規則三，情態助動詞不會

change their form according to tense

根據時態改變形式

so they've got no past form and they've got

所以情態助動詞沒有過去式

no future form it just stays the same

沒有未來式，只有一種形式

so the easy way of remembering it is modal

所以最好記的方法是

verbs don't change they stay exactly as they are

情態助動詞始終如一

so rule number four we use

規則四

modal verbs in negative sentences like

我們會在否定句用情態助動詞

we do with other auxiliary verbs ie without the word do

就跟其他助動詞一樣，換句話說，就是沒有「do」這個字

so the way we use modal verbs in negative sentences is

所以我們在否定句中使用情態助動詞的形式是

subject modal verb not verb

主詞+情態助動詞+ not +動詞

let's look at some examples

來看看一些例句

you must not eat my food

你不准吃我的食物

you must not eat my food or

你不准吃我的食物，或是

i can not speak French

我不會說法文

I cannot speak French

我沒辦法說法文

so it's always in that order

情態助動詞總是遵循這個規則

just like we would with other auxiliary verbs

就像其他助動詞也有它的規則

now remember you must learn the

現在，記得你必須學到

contractions for the negatives which are

否定句中的縮寫

used quite frequently in spoken or informal language

縮寫在口語或不正式的情況中很常用到

might might not mightn't

might、might not 縮寫是 mightn't

must must not mustn't

must、must not 縮寫是 mustn't

may may not no contraction

may、may not，沒有縮寫

can cannot can't could could not

can、cannot 縮寫是 can't，could、could not

couldn't will will not won't would

縮寫是 couldn't，will、will not 縮寫是 won't，would

would not wouldn't shall shall not shan't

would not 縮寫是 wouldn't，shall、shall not 縮寫是 shan't

should should not shouldn't

should、should not 縮寫是 shouldn't

ok so those were the negative contractions

好，所以這些是否定句的縮寫

number five

規則五

easy now we've looked at number four

我們看過規則四後就會簡單多了

with interrogative phrases modal verbs

在疑問句中

are used like other auxiliary verbs

情態助動詞的用法就跟其他用法差不多

modal verb subject verb some examples

情態助動詞+主詞+動詞，舉個例子

can you help me

你能幫我嗎

can you help me will you let him

你能幫我嗎，你會租他嗎

will you let him so those were the rules

你會租他嗎，所以那些是要了解的規則

now let's have a look at the individual

現在來看看個別的

modal verbs and how and when we can use them

情態助動詞，還有甚麼時候用以及怎麼用它們

so firstly let's look at might

所以，首先，來看看 might

might can be used to show possibility

might 可以用來表達可能發生的事

they might be eating lunch or

他們可能在吃午餐，或是

she might give us a discount then we have may

她可能會給我們折扣，然後要講解 may

may can also be used to show possibility

may 也可以用來表示可能發生的事

the teacher may be late today

老師今天可能會遲到

and it can also be used to ask for permission

也可以用來請求允許

may I leave now note that using may to ask for permission

我現在可以走了嗎？記得，使用 may 來請求允許

can be seen as quite formal

算是蠻正式的用法

then we have must must can be used to

然後是 must，must 可以用來

show probability or to make a logical assumption

表示機率或是做個有邏輯的假設

she must be stuck in traffic

她一定塞車了

must can also be used to show necessity

must 也可以用來表達必然的事

I must go home right now and it can also be used

我必須馬上回家，也可以用來

to show prohibition you must not smoke here

表示禁止，你不能在這裡抽菸

then we have will will can be used

然後是 will，will可以用在

to indicate future time i will leave at seven o'clock

指出未來的時間點，我會在 7 點離開

it can also be used to make a promise or

也可以用來作出承諾或是

to show willingness i will give money to charity this Christmas

表示意願，這次聖誕節我會捐錢給慈善團體

it can also be used to ask a polite question

也可以用來禮貌地問問題

will you help me with this for example

舉例來說，你可以幫我嗎

then we have would

然後是 would

again would can be used to ask a polite question

再說一次，would 可以用來禮貌地問問題

would you help me with this

你能幫我嗎

it can also be used for invitations or

也可以用作邀請，或是

preferences or desires

優先權或是願望

i would like a cup of tea or would you prefer apples or oranges

我要一杯茶，或是你比較喜歡蘋果還橘子

then we have can can can be used

然後是 can，can 可以用來

to show ability i can speak English

表示你的能力，我可以說英文

it can also be used to suggest a

也可以用來提出一個可行的建議

possibility or give an option

或提供一個選項

for example you can call him tomorrow

例如，明天你可以打給他

it could also be used to show impossibility

也可以表達不可能的事

that can't be her and it can also be used for a request

那不可能是她，還可以用來表示請求

can you help me

你可以幫我嗎

could on the other hand can show past ability

另一方面，could 可以表示過去的才能

i could do trigonometry five years ago

5 年前我還能做三角函數

it can also be used to ask a polite question

也可以用來禮貌地提問

could i call you

我可以打給你嗎

it can also be used to show possibility and impossibility

也可以表示可能與不可能發生的事

she could be here or she couldn't be here

她可能在這，或是她不可能在這

and it can also be used to make a suggestion

也可以用來提建議

you could try doing this

你可以試試看

then we have should should is used to recommend

然後是 should，should 是用來建議

you should try this new bar

你應該去這間新酒吧看看

it can also be used to say what is correct

也可以用來說明甚麼是正確的

or right for example we should deal with this right now

或恰當的，例如，我們應該馬上處理這個

it can also be used for an uncertain prediction

也可以用在不確定的預言上

he should be home soon but i'm not sure

他應該很快就會到家，但我不確定

shall shall can be used to make an offer

shall 可以用來提議

shall i help you with that

要我幫你嗎

it can also be used for confirmation

也可以用來做確認

I shall meet you there at midnight

午夜時我會在那裡跟你見面

it can also be used for promises

也可以用在允諾

you shall be the first person to know

你應該要是第一個知道的人

ok so that was my very condensed video on modal verbs

好，所以這就是情態動詞精簡教學影片

so what can you do next

所以你下一部能做甚麼呢

well firstly your homework is to comment below with

首先，你的功課是到底下留言

three sentences using modal verbs

留下 3 句用到情態動詞的句子

I want one in affirmative one in the negative

我想要你們留一句肯定句、一句否定句

and one in the interrogative

還有一句疑問句

and up until midnight i will correct as many as

到午夜前，我會盡可能地訂正你們的留言

possible and then i would like you guys

然後我也希望你們

to correct each other

可以幫別人訂正

don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media

別忘了到我的社群媒體逛逛

remember I now upload lessons on mondays

記得我現在每周一

wednesdays and saturdays so i will see

三跟六會上傳影片，所以我們

you for another lesson very very soon mwah

很快就會見面