Name: 越趨強盛的越南：外交官的視角｜今日越南 (Bizline - Việt Nam's rise: A diplomat's view | Vietnam Today)
Uploaded: 2026-03-30T01:56:34.000Z
Duration: 18 min 16 s
Description: 【看影片學英語】數萬部 YouTube 影片，搭配英漢字典即點即查，輕鬆掌握單字發音與用法，長久累積看電影不必再看字幕。

Around the world today, governments are racing to secure supply chains, invest in critical minerals,

全世界現在，各國政府都在競相確保供應鏈，投資關鍵礦物，

and build the technologies that will shape the 21st-century economy.

並打造將塑造二十一世紀經濟的科技。

情態副詞

Vietnam is increasingly part of that global story.

越南越來越成為這個全球故事的一部分。

With sweeping reforms and an ambitious target of double-digit growth, the country is aiming to climb the global value chain, not just expand within it.

隨著大刀闊斧的改革和雙位數成長的雄心目標，這個國家正致力於攀升全球價值鏈，而不僅僅是在其中擴張。

How do global investors view Vietnam's next move?

全球投資者如何看待越南的下一步？

Joining us on Bizline is Andrew Golediznawski, former Australian ambassador to Vietnam and a veteran diplomat with four decades of experience.

來到 Bizline 的是 Andrew Golediznawski，他曾是澳洲駐越南大使，也是一位擁有四十年經驗的資深外交官。

Although now based back in Australia, he continues to follow Vietnam's economic journey closely.

雖然他現在已回到澳洲，但他仍密切關注越南的經濟發展。

We were fortunate to catch up with him during his recent visit to Vietnam.

我們很幸運在他最近訪問越南期間能與他聊聊。

Our reporter Leena Pham spoke with him about the country's growth ambitions, its strategic resources,

我們的記者 Leena Pham 採訪了他，談論該國的成長抱負、戰略資源，

and why this could be a defining moment for Vietnam's economic future.

以及為何這可能是越南經濟未來的一個決定性時刻。

Well, Leena, I retired in March when I went back to Australia because that was 40 years of service in the Foreign Ministry and I thought that was probably enough.

嗯，Leena，我三月退休回到澳洲，因為我在外交部服務了四十年，我覺得夠了。

And now I'm involved in all sorts of other things, but most of them Vietnam-related.

現在我投入了各種其他事情，但大部分都跟越南有關。

So this particular trip I'm doing with an Australian company called EQ Resources, which is the largest miner of tungsten in the world, outside of China.

所以這次行程，我跟一家叫做 EQ Resources 的澳洲公司一起，他們是中國以外全球最大的鎢礦開採商。

And they are visiting their customer here in Vietnam, which is Masan High-Tech, which is the biggest refiner of tungsten in the world, outside of China.

他們正在拜訪他們在越南的客戶，也就是 Masan High-Tech，這是中國以外全球最大的鎢精煉廠。

Tungsten is one of the critical minerals in the world that the supply chain is very important.

鎢是全球關鍵礦物之一，其供應鏈非常重要。

Everything that's important in the world that's made, manufactured, is involving with tungsten in some way.

世界上所有重要的、製造出來的東西，都以某種方式與鎢有關。

So if we can strengthen that supply chain, then it's good for both Vietnam and Australia.

所以如果我們能加強這個供應鏈，對越南和澳洲都有好處。

The resolution 57, it did mention minerals and the strategy of Vietnam to leverage that.

第 57 號決議提到了礦物，以及越南利用這些礦物的策略。

What do you think of the current situation?

Vietnam is not traditionally a country that has done very much with its natural resources under the ground.

越南傳統上並不是一個很積極開發地下自然資源的國家。

但事實上，越南的資源非常豐富。

So your tungsten reserves, I mentioned that, that's important for semiconductors, for machine tools, for aviation, for military applications.

所以你說到的鎢礦儲量，這對半導體、機械工具、航空、軍事應用都很重要。

You have the second-biggest reserves in the world.

Again, Vietnam, we think, has the second-biggest reserves in the world, after China.

再一次強調，我們認為越南擁有世界第二大的稀土儲量，僅次於中國。

And I know that the government is very keen that some exploration should happen to get a better definition of exactly what the value and quality of Vietnam's reserves are.

我知道政府非常積極地希望進行一些勘探，以更精確地定義越南礦藏的價值和品質。

But what I understand Vietnam's strategy is,

and I think this is a correct one, is not just to dig up minerals and sell them overseas.

而且我認為這是正確的做法，不只是挖礦物然後賣到國外。

It's to create the entire supply chain, from mining to refining and separation through to making the metals and then the finished products.

而是要建立完整的供應鏈，從採礦、精煉、分離，到製造金屬，最後到成品。

So the iPhone in my pocket includes rare earths.

所以我口袋裡的 iPhone 就有用到稀土。

Without the rare earths, it doesn't function.

And Vietnam is one of the few countries in the world that has the potential to do everything from mines to metals and to magnets.

而越南是世界上少數幾個有潛力從礦石到金屬到磁鐵都一手包辦的國家之一。

It's the magnets that are the key to so many applications these days.

磁鐵是現今許多應用程式的關鍵。

So Australia is the biggest refiner of rare earths outside of China.

所以，澳洲是中國以外最大的稀土精煉國。

So again, there's this sort of natural synergy, natural complementarity where we can do things together.

所以，再次強調，我們之間有這種自然的協同作用，自然的互補性，我們可以一起合作。

Vietnam is widely considered one of the countries with the greatest potential for strategic mineral resources in the world, particularly rare earths and tungsten.

越南被廣泛認為是世界上戰略礦產資源潛力最大的國家之一，特別是稀土和鎢。

Geological Survey, Vietnam ranks second globally in rare earth reserves after China.

根據美國地質調查局，越南的稀土儲量僅次於中國，位居全球第二。

However, most activities in Vietnam remain at the stage of exploration and pilot projects, as rare earth separation technology is highly complex and carries significant environmental risks.

不過，越南的大部分活動仍停留在勘探和試點項目階段，因為稀土分離技術非常複雜，且伴隨顯著的環境風險。

In contrast, Vietnam's tungsten industry has already reached a global scale.

相較之下，越南的鎢產業已經達到全球規模。

The Nui Pham mine in Thanh Nguyen, operated by Masan High-Tech Materials, is the largest tungsten mine in the world outside China.

由 Masan High-Tech Materials 營運、位於 Thanh Nguyen 的 Nui Pham 礦場，是中國以外全球最大的鎢礦場。

Vietnam's mineral strategy is shifting away from exporting raw materials toward building a complete value chain.

越南的礦產策略正從出口原物料轉向建立完整的價值鏈。

According to resolution 57, mineral resources should not simply be treated as commodities to sell.

根據第 57 號決議，礦產資源不應僅被視為待售的商品。

Instead, Vietnam aims to transition from a resource-extracting country to a producer of advanced materials and technology.

相反地，越南的目標是從一個資源開採國轉型為先進材料和技術的生產國。

The resolution emphasizes that natural resources, especially strategic minerals, should be developed through deep processing, avoiding raw exports,

該決議強調，自然資源，特別是戰略礦物，應透過深加工來開發，避免原物料出口，

and integrating into global technology value chains.

Technology is also a big part of your work.

Can you tell us more about what you have been doing to maybe help Vietnam to get more investors?

你可以多跟我們說說，你做了些什麼來幫助越南吸引更多投資者嗎？

and Malaysia is competing with Vietnam to make semiconductors and to build data centers and all of these important elements for 21st-century technology.

馬來西亞正和越南競爭，爭取製造半導體、建立數據中心，以及發展這些 21 世紀科技的重要元素。

But I think Vietnam has a fantastic opportunity.

不過我認為越南有個絕佳的機會。

I'm talking next week to one of Australia's two big data center producers.

我下週要跟澳洲兩家大型數據中心業者中的一家談話。

They've been very successful in other parts of Southeast Asia in producing first-class data centers because there's different levels of data centers.

他們在東南亞其他地區成功地建立了頂尖的數據中心，因為數據中心也有不同的等級。

這就像茶葉或任何東西都有分等級一樣。

And the high-quality ones are the ones which the Apples and the Nvidias and the Googles need to use.

而高品質的，就是 Apple、Nvidia、Google 這些公司需要用的。

And they're now interested in Vietnam, which I think is very exciting.

他們現在對越南很有興趣，我覺得這很令人興奮。

And the technology can go in both directions.

I can see a future where Vietnam is the number one choice for Australian companies who want to outsource their IT work, software development, data analysis.

我可以看到一個未來，越南將成為澳洲公司外包 IT 工作、軟體開發、數據分析的首選。

Global supply chains are once again under pressure as tensions in the Middle East keep energy markets on edge.

全球供應鏈再次面臨壓力，中東緊張局勢讓能源市場處於警戒狀態。

Nearly 20% of the world's oil passes through the Strait of Hormuz, making the region a critical choke point for global trade and energy security.

全球近 20% 的石油通過荷姆茲海峽，使該地區成為全球貿易和能源安全的重要瓶頸。

Rising shipping costs, volatile oil prices,

不斷上漲的運輸成本、波動的油價，

and intensifying geopolitical competition are forcing companies to rethink where they produce and how they move goods.

以及日益加劇的地緣政治競爭，正迫使企業重新思考生產地點和貨物運輸方式。

For Vietnam, the conflict in the Middle East has pushed up oil and energy prices, creating inflationary pressure.

對越南來說，中東衝突推高了油價和能源價格，造成了通膨壓力。

Logistics and maritime shipping have also become more expensive, forcing export-oriented industries such as textile, furniture, electronics, and

物流和海運也變得更貴，這讓紡織、傢俱、電子和

footwear to bear higher costs, face longer delivery times, and see their profit margins shrink.

鞋類等出口導向的產業，不得不承擔更高的成本，面臨更長的交貨時間，利潤空間也隨之縮減。

There is also the risk of disruption to technology supply chains.

These developments present a series of concrete challenges for Vietnam's economy, particularly because Vietnam is a highly open economy with total trade equivalent to roughly 200% of GDP.

這些發展為越南經濟帶來了一連串的實際挑戰，特別是越南是一個高度開放的經濟體，總貿易額約相當於 GDP 的 200%。

The National Assembly set a target for GDP growth of 10%, which everybody thinks is very ambitious.

國會設定了 10% 的 GDP 成長目標，大家都覺得這個目標非常有企圖心。

But the question now is, is it realistic?

但現在的問題是，這真的可行嗎？

Well, I think that's a really good question.

嗯，我認為這是個非常好的問題。

I remember when I first arrived in Vietnam, the ambition was to do 6% a year, 6.5%.

我還記得剛到越南的時候，當時的目標是每年成長 6%、6.5%。

And then when the new General Secretary was appointed, he made a speech to the Central Committee where he made a number of commitments to reduce the size of the civil service, to consolidate provinces, to do a number of important things like that.

然後，當新任總書記被任命時，他在中央委員會的演講中做出了多項承諾，像是要精簡公務員人數、合併省份，以及做許多類似這樣的重要事情。

And he promised double-digit economic growth.

他承諾要實現兩位數的經濟成長。

I identified the double-digit growth commitment as being the most important element because it implies that the private sector will have to take the lead.

我認為雙位數成長的承諾是最重要的部分，因為這意味著必須由民間部門來帶頭。

And that's now been formalised in resolution 68.

這項承諾現在已經正式納入第 68 號決議。

Vietnam is doing very well, but only 50% of Vietnam's economy is private sector.

越南的表現非常好，但越南經濟只有 50% 是民間部門。

And only 30% of tax revenues come from the private sector.

而且只有 30% 的稅收來自民間部門。

So what that means is there's a lot of room for growth in Vietnam,

所以這代表越南還有很大的成長空間，

but it has to be driven by the private sector.

And that's the genius of what the General Secretary has put in place.

When you try and grow an economy fast, you can overheat and you can generate inflation, which would be terrible in the Vietnamese context.

The other challenge is Vietnam is an exporting economy.

But now we're going into a phase when protectionism is increasing, tariffs are increasing, the world is becoming less predictable.

這就是總書記所規劃的精妙之處。

The third big challenge, I guess, is Vietnam wants to achieve all of these things, which no country has achieved since Korea did it back in the 1980s, while at the same time also decarbonising your economy.

That's incredibly difficult, very complex.

當你試圖快速發展經濟時，可能會過熱並產生通貨膨脹，這在越南的現況下會非常糟糕。

另一個挑戰是越南是個出口導向的經濟體。

So again, the growth challenge is very difficult for Vietnam, especially now with the global headwinds, the tariffs and everything.