Name: 越南經濟為何飆升？超狂成長祕辛大公開！ (Vietnam’s Insane Economic Boom Explained)
Uploaded: 2026-02-11T13:53:18.000Z
Duration: 8 min 57 s

程度副詞

A few decades ago, Vietnam was quite literally one of the poorest countries in the world.

幾十年前，越南確實是世界上最貧窮的國家之一。

GDP was stagnant, it did a negligible amount of trade with the rest of the world, and

GDP 停滯不前，與世界其他國家的貿易量微乎其微，

情態副詞

the economy was so unproductive that it had to import food, despite being mostly agrarian.

經濟生產力低到必須進口食物，儘管它大部分是農業國家。

Vietnam is both one of the most open and fastest growing economies in the world, and

越南是世界上最開放、經濟成長最快的國家之一，

its GDP is now expected to overtake that of Thailand, one of the richest countries in the region, sometime this year.

而且它的 GDP 預計今年將超越該地區最富裕的國家之一泰國。

So in this video, we thought we'd take a look at Vietnam's economic miracle, what's driving it and how it's weathered the protectionism we've seen in recent years.

所以，在這個影片裡，我們想來看看越南的經濟奇蹟，是什麼在推動它，以及它是如何應對近年來我們看到的保護主義的。

Never miss an episode and always feel in the loop by subscribing and ringing the bell.

訂閱並開啟小鈴鐺，這樣你就永遠不會錯過任何一集，而且隨時都能掌握最新資訊。

So, to understand quite how incredible Vietnam's economic boom has been, you need a bit of context.

所以，要了解越南的經濟繁榮有多麼驚人，你需要一些背景資訊。

After the Vietnam War against the us, which finished with the unification of north and South Vietnam in 1975, Vietnam was, somewhat unsurprisingly, quite literally one of the poorest countries in the world.

在與美國的越南戰爭結束後，越南於 1975 年實現了越南南北統一，當時越南確實是世界上最貧窮的國家之一，這並不令人意外。

According to UN data, in 1975, Vietnam had a GDP per capita of just $84 at current prices, roughly a quarter that of Thailand and even less than Cambodia, which was then ruled by Khmer Rouge.

根據聯合國的數據，1975年越南的人均GDP僅為84美元（當時價格），大約是泰國的四分之一，甚至比當時由赤柬統治的高棉還要少。

And entering the first phase of the Cambodian genocide.

而且當時正值高棉種族滅絕的第一階段。

The ruling Communist Party of Vietnam, or cpv, originally tried to essentially mimic the Soviet Union, pursuing a centralised form of economic planning.

執政的越南共產黨，也就是CPV，最初試圖模仿蘇聯，推行中央集權式經濟規劃。

But by the mid-80s, it had become apparent that this wasn't really working.

但到了80年代中期，很明顯這並沒有真正奏效。

GDP per capita had barely budged and the Soviet Union itself was showing signs of decline.

人均GDP幾乎沒有變動，而蘇聯本身也顯示出衰退的跡象。

So in the mid-80s, the government embarked on a series of liberalising reforms with the aim of transforming Vietnam's command economy into a more market oriented one.

所以到了80年代中期，政府開始了一系列自由化改革，目標是將越南的指令經濟轉變為更市場導向的經濟。

The CPV were at least partly inspired by opening up reforms implemented by Deng Xiaoping in China in the late 70s, which paved the way for an economic boom that began in the 80s and is continued to this day.

CPV至少部分受到了鄧小平在70年代末期中國實施的開放改革的啟發，這為80年代開始至今的經濟繁榮鋪平了道路。

Anyway, these reforms were remarkably successful.

According to UN data, Vietnam's GDP per capita quadrupled between 1990 and 2000 and then quadrupled again between 2000 and 2010.

根據聯合國的數據，越南的人均GDP在1990年至2000年間翻了四倍，然後在2000年至2010年間又翻了四倍。

According to World bank data, which is a bit more up to date than the UN data we've been using so far, Vietnam now has a GDP per capita of nearly $5,000, roughly double that of Cambodia and Laos, higher than that of the Philippines and on par with Indonesia.

根據世界銀行的數據，這比我們目前使用的聯合國數據更新一些，越南現在的人均GDP接近5000美元，大約是高棉和寮國的兩倍，高於菲律賓，與印尼相當。

It's hard to overstate quite how impressive this is.

這真的非常、非常令人印象深刻。

In 1990, Vietnam was way poorer than all these countries.

1990年時，越南比這些國家都還要窮得多。

And has since seen by far and away the fastest growth in the region.

此後，它成為該區域成長最快的國家，而且是遠遠領先。

Nor are things showing any signs of slowing down.

而且情況也沒有任何減緩的跡象。

Growth came in at 8% in 2025, well above estimates, and

2025年的成長率達到8%，遠高於預期，

the government has set a target of 10% for 2026.

而政府設定了2026年要達到10%的目標。

In terms of aggregate GDP, Vietnam is now expected to overtake Thailand in the coming years, a prospect that would have been unimaginable a decade or two ago.

就總體GDP而言，越南預計未來幾年將超越泰國，這在十到二十年前是難以想像的。

那麼，是什麼帶動了這次的經濟繁榮呢？

嗯，我們看到至少有三個主要原因。

First, Vietnam's enthusiastic embrace of free trade, which began with the aforementioned reforms, does seem to have really paid off.

首先，越南積極擁抱自由貿易，這始於前面提到的改革，似乎真的帶來了豐厚的回報。

Vietnam joined ASEAN in 1995, signed a free trade agreement with the US in 2000 and joined the World Trade Organization in 2007.

越南在1995年加入了東協，2000年與美國簽署了自由貿易協定，並在2007年加入了世界貿易組織。

The net effect has been to dramatically reduce Vietnam's trade barriers.

總體來說，這大幅降低了越南的貿易壁壘。

And Vietnam is now one of the most trade dependent economies in the world, with total trade amounting to 174% of GDP.

越南現在是世界上貿易依存度最高的經濟體之一，總貿易額相當於GDP的174%。

Economic liberalisation has also attracted copious amounts of foreign investment, largely as a consequence of big multinationals setting up shop in Vietnam to take advantage of the relatively low labour costs.

經濟自由化也吸引了大量的FOREIGN INVESTMENT，這很大程度上是因為大型跨國公司為了利用相對較低的勞動力成本，紛紛在越南設廠。

Vietnam has also been a beneficiary of manufacturers efforts to de risk their exposure to China.

越南也受惠於製造商們分散風險、降低對中國依賴的努力。

Companies like Google, Microsoft and Apple have all shifted parts of their supply chain out of China and into Vietnam in recent years as part of what's become known as the China plus one strategy.

近年來，像是Google、Microsoft和Apple等公司，都將部分供應鏈從中國轉移到越南，這也是所謂的「中國加一」策略的一部分。

This has all helped Vietnam establish itself as a manufacturing powerhouse, exporting not just to the west, but

這一切都幫助越南成為一個製造業強國，不僅出口到西方國家，

There was some anxiety that Trump, who threatened Vietnam with an eye watering 46% tariff on liberation Day, would throw a spanner into all this.

當時有人擔心，川普揚言要在解放日對越南課徵驚人的46%關稅，會對這一切造成阻礙。

But the CPV have actually handled him remarkably well.

但越南共產黨其實處理得相當好。

They promptly negotiated a new tariff rate of 19%, which was low enough to keep Vietnamese exports competitive anyway.

他們迅速協商出新的19%關稅率，這個稅率足夠讓越南的出口保持競爭力。

It has a large and relatively young workforce with a median age of about 33, and

它擁有龐大且相對年輕的勞動力，中位年齡約33歲，

thus a relatively low so called dependency ratio, that is the number of dependents relative to working age people.

是以撫養比相對較低，也就是說，依賴工作年齡人口的被撫養者人數較少。

Vietnam's population is also incredibly well educated.

越南的人口教育程度也非常高。

In the latest PISA rankings, for instance, Vietnamese students scored about on par with the OECD average.

例如，在最新的PISA排名中，越南學生的表現與OECD的平均水準差不多。

Despite being quite literally the poorest country to take part, and

儘管是參賽國家中實際上最貧窮的國家，

having a GDP per capita roughly 1/10 that of the OECD average, it's hard to overestimate quite how impressive this is in maths.

人均GDP大約只有OECD平均的十分之一，這在數學上是多麼令人印象深刻，我們再怎麼強調都不為過。

Vietnamese students actually outperformed their counterparts in the US and way outperformed their peers in Indonesia and the Philippines.

越南學生的表現甚至超越了美國的學生，也遠遠超越了印尼和菲律賓的學生。

Two nearby countries with similar GDP per capitas.

兩個鄰近國家，人均GDP差不多。

A well educated workforce is one of the big reasons why Vietnam has, unlike other middle income countries, been able to move up the manufacturing value chain with high tech products accounting for an ever growing fraction of all exports.

受過良好教育的勞動力是越南能夠，不像其他中等收入國家那樣，透過高科技產品佔出口比例不斷增加來提升製造業價值鏈的關鍵原因之一。

This is also one of the big reasons why Vietnam's score on the World Bank's Human Capital Index, which combines indicators of health and education into a measure of the human capital that a child born today can expect to obtain by their 18th birthday, is somewhat astonishingly on a par with that of the US and Luxembourg, despite being many times poorer.

這也是為什麼，儘管越南比美國和盧森堡窮很多倍，但世界銀行人類資本指數的分數，結合了健康和教育指標，衡量一個今天出生的孩子到18歲時預期能獲得的人力資本，卻令人驚訝地與美國和盧森堡相當。

Finally, Vietnam's economy benefits from the country's relatively progressive attitudes towards the role of women in the workforce.

最後，越南經濟受益於該國對女性在勞動力中角色的相對進步態度。

Low female labor participation rates have often been a barrier to economic development in middle income countries, but

低女性勞動參與率常常是中等收入國家經濟發展的障礙，但

Vietnam has quite literally one of the highest rates in the world, exceeding even the OECD average.

越南的女性勞動參與率是世界上最高的之一，甚至超過了OECD的平均水平。

The third and final reason is political stability.

第三個也是最後一個原因是政治穩定。

The CPV have proved remarkably competent stewards and embarked on successive liberalization drives to make the country more attractive to foreign businesses.

越南共產黨（CPV） proved to be remarkably competent stewards and embarked on successive liberalization drives to make the country more attractive to foreign businesses.

According to the Economist intelligence unit, between 2003 and 2023, Vietnam's business environment improved more than that of any other country.

根據經濟學人智庫（Economist Intelligence Unit）的數據，在2003年至2023年間，越南的商業環境改善幅度超過了任何其他國家。

Now, to be clear, this is not a general defence of authoritarianism over democracy, and

現在，要說清楚的是，這並非在為威權主義辯護而貶低民主，而且

Vietnam's political system is appallingly repressive in certain respects.

越南的政治體系在某些方面確實是令人髮指的壓迫。

Nonetheless, it's hard to deny that Vietnam's relative political stability has helped its economy, and

儘管如此，我們很難否認越南相對穩定的政治局勢對其經濟有所助益，而且

the comparison with Thailand, where recurrent political crises have given way to economic stagnation, is telling.

與泰國相比，後者頻繁的政治危機導致經濟停滯，這說明瞭一個問題。

As is so often the case these days, a lot of how this plays out depends on influence.

如同現今許多情況一樣，這一切的發展很大程度上取決於影響力。

Not only who technically has the power to make things happen, but

不僅是誰擁有讓事情發生的技術權力，

also who has the sway to make sure it does.

還有誰有影響力來確保事情確實發生。

That's why last year we put together a list of the world's 25 most influential people, using rankings from you, our audience, as well as from our journalists.

這就是為什麼去年我們整理了一份全球25位最具影響力人物的名單，其中結合了我們觀眾的排名以及我們記者的意見。

This year we've done the same, producing a brand new ranking for 2026.

今年我們也做了同樣的事，推出了全新的2026年排行榜。

In the upcoming issue of our magazine Too Long, we explore our list, telling the stories of a number of people who made the list, from the return of Donald Trump and the calculated moves of Xi Jinping to the AI frontiers of Sam Altman.

在我們即將出版的《Too Long》雜誌中，我們將深入探討這份名單，講述許多入選人物的故事，從唐納·川普的歸來、習近平的深謀遠慮，到山姆·阿特曼在AI領域的開拓。

We look to the new entries New York's first Muslim mayor, Zoran Mamdani, the radical shift of Pope Leo xiv, and

我們關注新面孔，像是紐約首位穆斯林市長——佐蘭·馬姆達尼，教宗利奧十四世的激進轉變，以及

bastions of technocracy like Prime Minister Mark Carney, as well as the shadows that still linger like Jeffrey Epstein.

像是總理馬克·卡尼這樣的技術官僚堡壘，還有依然籠罩的陰影，例如傑弗瑞·愛潑斯坦。

As always, this issue of Too Long features a whole lot more than just our most influential people ranking, though we also have a whole featured segment on how the UK became more divided than ever and how a broken country could rebuild, the fragmentation emerging within the eu, how religion is being used by politicians around the world, and

一如往常，《Too Long》這期內容遠不止我們的最具影響力人物排行榜，我們還有一個專題報導，探討英國如何變得前所未有的分裂，一個破碎的國家如何重建，歐盟內部出現的碎片化，以及世界各地的政客如何利用宗教，還有

You can pre order your copy at Toolong News, or to get the best deal you can, just subscribe to the magazine.

你可以在 Toolong News 預購你的雜誌，或者為了獲得最划算的交易，直接訂閱雜誌。

Doing so gets you 20% off every copy for the lifetime of your subscription, and

這麼做可以讓你終身享有每期雜誌八折優惠，

if you use code SPRING26, you'll get an additional £3 off your first copy, bringing the price as low as £4.99.

如果你使用折扣碼 SPRING26，你的第一期雜誌還可以再折價 3 英鎊，最低只要 4.99 英鎊。

Find out more and order your copy today at Toolong News.

立即前往 Toolong News 瞭解更多並訂購你的雜誌。