Name: 歐洲為何要求女性準備好對抗俄羅斯？ 🇬🇧 BBC World Service (Why Europe is asking women to get ready to fight Russia - BBC World Service)
Uploaded: 2025-11-24T12:29:29.000Z
Duration: 7 min 37 s

分詞構句

As tensions with Russia rise, some countries are turning to conscription, requiring citizens to complete a period of military service.

隨著與俄羅斯的緊張局勢升溫，一些國家正轉向徵兵制，要求公民完成一段兵役。

情態副詞

During the world wars, only men could be forced to go to the front line.

在世界大戰期間，只有男性會被強迫上前線。

現在有些國家也開始徵召女性。

It's a big step to take because it's a way of saying this threat that we're facing is so important that everyone has to play their part and everyone includes women.

這是一個很大的轉變，因為這代表我們面臨的威脅非常嚴重，每個人都必須貢獻一份力，而每個人就包括女性。

It's created debate about who should serve in, like the situation that the world is in now.

這引發了關於誰應該服役的辯論，就像世界現在的處境一樣。

I think it's only fair and right that women participate equally as with the men.

我認為女性與男性一樣平等參與是公平且正確的。

I do not want to die, I do not want ptsd.

And also I'm scared about like life in the battlefield as a woman.

而且作為一個女性，我也害怕戰場上的生活。

So why is Europe rebuilding its armies now and is there support for sending women to war?

那麼，歐洲現在重建軍隊的原因是什麼？是否有人支持讓女性參戰？

For as long as there have been wars, there are records of men being forced to fight them.

只要有戰爭，就有男性被迫作戰的紀錄。

The modern concept of conscription began during the French Revolution when all men aged 18 to 25 had to report for duty.

現代徵兵制的概念始於法國大革命，當時所有18至25歲的男性都必須報到服役。

Other nations followed France's model in the 19th century, and in the world wars, millions were conscripted.

其他國家在19世紀也遵循法國模式，在世界大戰期間，百萬人被徵召。

Following the budget comes news of conscription.

繼預算之後，傳來了徵兵的消息。

Women were drafted too, working on farms, in factories and in hospitals.

女性也被徵召，她們在農場、工廠和醫院工作。

Some served in the military, but they weren't sent to the front line.

有些人服役，但沒有被派往前線。

Those that did go, like one of the Soviet Union's top scouts, snipers Lyudmila Pavlichenko, nicknamed Lady Death, were volunteers participate in Europe's first simulated atomic military maneuvers.

那些去的人，像是蘇聯頂尖的偵察兵之一，狙擊手柳德米拉·帕夫利琴科，綽號「死亡夫人」，是自願參與歐洲首次模擬原子軍事演習的。

Across Europe, conscription policies were kept until the end of the Cold War, when hopes of lasting peace led many countries to phase it out.

歐洲各地的徵兵制一直持續到冷戰結束，當時對持久和平的期望促使許多國家逐步取消了徵兵制。

The fall of the Berlin Wall and there was a broad restructuring in a lot of European countries that happened of our militaries.

柏林圍牆倒塌，許多歐洲國家對軍隊進行了廣泛的重組。

Defense spending shrank, militaries shrank with them.

國防開支縮減，軍隊也隨之縮減。

But some countries never suspended conscription.

With Russia and several former USSR states also retaining forms of Soviet era military service.

俄羅斯和幾個前蘇聯國家也保留了蘇聯時代兵役的部分形式。

Those are mostly countries that are close to some sort of territorial threat, whether that is Greece and Turkey, or whether that is the countries that are bordering Russia.

這些大多是與某種領土威脅接壤的國家，無論是希臘和土耳其，還是與俄羅斯接壤的國家。

In Norway, military service has always been mandatory for men as part of its constitution.

在挪威，兵役一直是男性義務的一部分，這寫在他們的憲法裡。

But in 2013, the country voted to extend it to women, saying there should be equal rights and obligations.

但在2013年，該國投票決定將其擴展到女性，表示應該有平等的權利和義務。

You have access to parts of the population that men don't, for instance, in intelligence gathering, to be able to communicate with the female part of the society in parts of the world that we do operations.

你們可以接觸到男性無法接觸到的人口部分，例如在情報收集方面，能夠與我們進行行動的地區的女性社會成員溝通。

Public support for conscription in Norway is strong and more people want to do it than are currently needed.

挪威民眾對徵兵制的支持度很高，想服役的人數超過了目前的需求。

The Princess of Norway recently concluded her service as a conscript.

挪威的公主最近結束了她的義務役。

Typically, service lasts around a year, and

former conscripts can be called back to the army for the next 26 years if needed.

若有需要，前役畢者可在未來26年內被召回軍隊。

Following Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, Ukraine and Lithuania reinstated compulsory military service for men.

在俄羅斯於2014年併吞克里米亞後，烏克蘭和立陶宛恢復了對男性的義務兵役。

Sweden did too in 2017, this time including women.

瑞典也在2017年這麼做，這次也納入了女性。

Countries that have introduced conscription for women in Europe have tended to be Northern European countries, which are not only closer to Russia, but

在歐洲引入女性徵兵制的國家，傾向於北歐國家，這些國家不僅離俄羅斯較近，

they're also countries that have valued gender equality very highly.

Russia's 2022 full scale invasion of Ukraine further highlighted the need for European countries to grow their armies.

俄羅斯2022年全面入侵烏克蘭，更凸顯了歐洲國家擴充軍隊的必要性。

This has turned into a war of attrition, where Ukraine has struggled to recruit enough troops to match Russia's rate of mobilization.

這演變成一場消耗戰，烏克蘭在招募足夠的兵力以匹配俄羅斯的動員速度方面遇到了困難。

And European leaders in frontline states have now warned that NATO could soon find itself at war with Russia.

而前線國家的歐洲領導人警告，北約可能很快就會發現自己與俄羅斯開戰。

Since Russia's invasion, these countries have made plans to bring back compulsory service for men, while these in blue rolling out new voluntary military training programs.

自俄羅斯入侵以來，這些國家已計劃恢復男性的義務兵役，而藍色標示的國家則推出了新的志願軍事訓練計畫。

Denmark has also said it would extend its draft from four to 11 months and that women would have to serve too.

丹麥也表示將把服役期從四個月延長到十一個月，女性也必須服役。

Fears President Donald Trump might withdraw US funding from NATO unless European partners step up defence spending have also driven a recruitment effort.

由於擔心川普總統可能會撤出美國對北約的資金，除非歐洲夥伴增加國防開支，這也推動了招募行動。

If they don't pay, I'm not going to defend them.

他們不付錢，我就不保護他們。

The reason why we are now reintroducing conscription is because of a greater threat from Russia, but

我們現在重新實施徵兵制，是因為來自俄羅斯的威脅更大，但

also greater uncertainty as to whether we can still rely on the US security guarantee.

同時我們對是否仍能依賴美國的安全保證也感到更加不確定。

In most countries, people can refuse the military draft and opt for civilian service instead.

在大多數國家，人們可以拒絕兵役，轉而選擇民事服務。

But failing to reply to a call up can lead to fines or even arrest.

但若未能回覆徵召，可能會導致罰款甚至逮捕。

Denmark says it currently has enough volunteers to fill its ranks.

丹麥表示，目前有足夠的志願者填補兵額。

And across the Nordic states, public support for female conscription is strong.

在所有北歐國家，公眾對女性徵兵的支持度很高。

But in other countries bordering Russia, like Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, it's much lower.

但在與俄羅斯接壤的其他國家，例如愛沙尼亞、拉脫維亞和立陶宛，這個比例則低得多。

Despite this, some politicians, like Latvian Defence Minister Andriy Sprudz, say women are needed because we live next to aggressive country, because we need to strongly increase our comprehensive defence Women, the gender neutral approach.

儘管如此，像拉脫維亞國防部長 Andriy Sprudz 這樣的某些政界人士表示，我們需要女性，因為我們住在一個好戰國家旁邊，因為我們需要大力加強我們的全面國防，女性，性別中立的方法。

This is crucial in general, this is principle which strengthens our defence and our security of our people within specific nations, but

這對整體而言至關重要，這是加強我們國防以及特定國家人民安全的一項原則，

At the moment, these calls are just proposals, but

目前，這些徵召呼籲都只是提案，但是

a falling birth rate could make the situation more urgent.

生育率下降可能會讓情況變得更緊急。

The problem will arrive about 2040 because birth cohorts of the past two or three years have been so low that if we are still in the same security situation, then we will just.

問題大約會在 2040 年出現，因為過去兩三年出生的嬰兒潮人數非常少，如果我們還處於相同的安全局勢，那麼我們將。

Gender equal conscription will mean armies need to make provisions for uniform and weaponry, which are largely designed for men.

性別平等的徵兵制意味著軍隊需要為主要為男性設計的制服和武器裝備做出準備。

And there are fears about women operating in male dominated environments.

而且人們擔心女性會在男性主導的環境中服役。

Increasingly, we're seeing examples coming from European countries where women soldiers are very vulnerable to sexual harassment, abuse, assault.

我們越來越多地看到來自歐洲國家的例子，那裡的女性阿兵哥很容易遭受性騷擾、虐待和攻擊。

And militaries have struggled to understand how to deal with this.

而軍隊一直難以理解如何處理這些問題。

But countries hope that despite the challenges, increasing defenses like this will prevent future, future Russian aggression.

但各國希望，儘管面臨挑戰，但像這樣增加防禦措施將能阻止俄羅斯未來進一步的侵略。

The promise of conscription remains really powerful because it offers a path to building up military reserves, which a big factor in deterrence.

徵兵制的承諾依然非常強大，因為它提供了一條建立軍事預備隊的途徑，這在嚇阻方面是一個重要因素。