Name: 肯尼爾沃思城堡 | 與丹-斯諾一起探訪造就英格蘭的 10 個地方 (Kenilworth Castle | 10 Places That Made England with Dan Snow)
Uploaded: 2025-11-01T18:14:46.000Z
Duration: 8 min 34 s

My road trip has brought me to Kenilworth Castle.

我的公路旅行帶我來到了肯尼爾沃思城堡。

Now a romantic ruin, but once one of the most powerful fortresses and luxurious palaces in the land.

現在是一處浪漫的廢墟，但它曾是這片土地上最強大的堡壘和最奢華的宮殿之一。

Kenilworth is strategically positioned in the West Midlands between Coventry and Warwick.

肯尼爾沃思的地理位置很策略性，位於西米德蘭茲，介於考文垂和沃裡克之間。

The original Norman castle changed hands and was extended several times, dominating the surrounding area and rivaling the fortress of the powerful nearby earls of Warwick.

最初的諾曼城堡幾經易手並多次擴建，主宰了周邊地區，並與強大的沃裡克伯爵的堡壘相媲美。

As the medieval period began to wane, Kenilworth was adapted to become a far more lavish palace where some of the most powerful people in the land could enjoy the good life.

隨著中世紀時期開始衰退，肯尼爾沃思被改建成一座更為奢華的宮殿，讓這片土地上一些最有權勢的人們得以享受美好生活。

There was one particularly romantic chapter of English history that played itself out here.

這裡曾上演了一段特別浪漫的英格蘭歷史篇章。

It's been one that's fascinated historians for 450 years, because it was here that its owner, Robert Dudley, the Earl of Leicester, put on the most extraordinary party for a woman he may have been trying to marry, Elizabeth I.

這段歷史讓歷史學家們著迷了 450 年，因為它的主人羅伯特·達德利，萊斯特伯爵，在這裡為他可能想娶的女人——伊麗莎白一世——舉辦了一場最非凡的派對。

Elizabeth visited Kenilworth four times, with her final visit in 1575.

伊麗莎白曾四次造訪肯尼爾沃思，最後一次是在 1575 年。

One of the wildest parties of Tudor England.

都鐸英格蘭最狂野的派對之一。

This 19 day party cost Dudley a thousand pounds a day.

這場為期 19 天的派對，每天花費了達德利一千英鎊。

That's something like £350,000 in today's money.

But that only came at the end of a years long process of turning Kenilworth into a fantasy medieval castle fit for a queen.

但這是在經過多年努力，將肯尼爾沃思城堡變成一座適合女王的奇幻中世紀城堡之後才發生的。

Dudley paid for a whole new building at Kenilworth, especially for the Queen's visit.

達德利為女王的到訪，在肯尼爾沃思城堡建造了一整棟新建築。

A lavish set of rooms for the Queen and her entourage to stay in.

為女王及其隨從準備了一整套奢華的房間。

This was the magnificent bedchamber built for Elizabeth.

這就是為伊麗莎白建造的宏偉臥室。

Just one room in basically an whole stately home that Dudley built for her here, with chambers for dancing and socializing and work.

這只是達德利在這裡為她建造的一整座豪宅中的一個房間，還有用於跳舞、社交和工作的房間。

And perhaps most telling of all, a little private connecting corridor to Dudley's rooms.

也許最能說明問題的是，有一條連接達德利房間的私人小走廊。

Robert Dudley had been married before and his wife had died in mysterious circumstances.

羅伯特·達德利先前結過婚，他的妻子死於可疑的情況。

And also Elizabeth as queen did not want to submit herself to a lord and master, a husband.

而且，身為女王的伊麗莎白也不想屈服於一位領主和主人，也就是丈夫。

But that didn't stop Dudley trying, particularly in his own backyard.

但這並沒有阻止達德利嘗試，尤其是在他自己的後院。

So for this special occasion, Dudley didn't just build a brand new house with all the mod cons that a queen could need.

所以，為了這個特別的場合，達德利不僅建造了一座全新的豪宅，還配備了女王所需的所有現代設施。

He completely renovated this grand privy garden.

他徹底翻新了這個宏偉的私人花園。

He wanted to create a kind of Garden of Eden for his queen.

他想為他的女王打造一個伊甸園。

Dudley created this beautiful private garden, like a sensory experience for Elizabeth.

達德利打造了這個美麗的私人花園，就像為伊麗莎白量身打造的感官體驗。

The aviary that dominated it was encrusted with jewels.

佔據中心位置的鳥籠上鑲滿了珠寶。

In the middle was this magnificent marble fountain, possibly with statues of him and his brother as Atlas, holding up the earth.

中間有一個壯麗的大理石噴泉，可能還有他和他兄弟扮演亞特拉斯的雕像，支撐著大地。

Around the side of the statue, there were marble friezes depicting titillating scenes from Ovid's Metamorphosis.

雕像的側面有大理石飾帶，描繪了奧維德《變形記》中令人興奮的場景。

In the gardens itself, plenty of roses for his Tudor Rose, lots of other wonderful flowers arranged in neat Italian style beds, all geometric, designed as a place where she could run, relax and get away from the strain of being the sovereign.

在花園裡，為他的都鐸玫瑰種植了許多玫瑰，還有許多其他美麗的花朵，整齊地排列在義大利風格的花床上，佈局工整，設計成一個她可以奔跑、放鬆、擺脫成為君主的壓力的場所。

It's as close as possible to how it was when Elizabeth enjoyed it in 1575.

盡可能還原伊麗莎白一世在 1575 年享受時的樣貌。

The key information came from one of her staff, Robert Langham, who snuck into the garden.

關鍵資訊來自她的隨從之一羅伯特·蘭厄姆，他偷偷溜進了花園。

Fortunately for us, he recorded what he saw.

對我們來說很幸運，他記錄下了他所見的一切。

一個讓所有感官都能享受的花園。

To taste of delicious strawberries, cherries and other fruits.

品嚐美味的草莓、櫻桃和其他水果。

To smell such fragrancy of sweet odours breathing from the plants, herbs and flowers.

聞到植物、香草和花朵散發出的芬芳香氣。

To hear such natural, melodious music of birds.

聽到鳥兒自然、悅耳的音樂聲。

一場長達 19 天的盛大慶典，一個夢幻。

There were floating mermaids on the moat, there were fireworks you could hear 10 miles away.

護城河上有漂浮的美人魚，還有遠達十英里外都能聽到的煙火。

There were shows, indoor and out, non stop drinking and dancing.

室內室外都有表演，不停地飲酒跳舞。

The story goes that young William Shakespeare was here and he was so moved by what he saw that he would eventually end up writing Midsummer Night's Dream.

據說年輕的莎士比亞曾在這裡，他被所見的景象深深感動，最終寫出了《仲夏夜之夢》。

Today, Elizabeth's specially built apartments are a ruin, devoid of decoration.

如今，伊麗莎白特別建造的公寓已成廢墟，毫無裝飾。

But it's still possible to see what they look like on the inside, as the interior of one room was moved to another corner of the castle where it survived.

但仍有可能看到它們內部的樣子，因為其中一間房間的內部被移到了城堡的另一個角落，並得以保存。

It's a rare glimpse into the world of Elizabeth and Robert Dudley in their heyday.

這讓我們得以一窺伊麗莎白和羅伯特·達德利鼎盛時期的罕見景象。

This is in the gatehouse at Kenilworth Castle, but

all the fittings have been removed from the original building built by Dudley for Elizabeth's visit.

但所有裝飾都已從都鐸為伊麗莎白來訪而建造的原建築中移走。

The windows, the oak paneling, this beautiful alabaster fireplace.

窗戶、橡木鑲板，還有這個美麗的雪花石膏壁爐。

And it's here that you get a sense of what it must have been like in those palatial apartments.

在這裡，你可以感受到那些豪華公寓當時的樣子。

So you've got E here for Elizabeth, over here on the other side of the fireplace.

所以你看，這裡有代表伊麗莎白的「E」，在壁爐的另一邊。

R for Regina then, as well as Elizabeth's title.

「R」代表女王，以及伊麗莎白的頭銜。

You see Robert Leicester here, the Earl of Leicester with his garter badge and his his personal insignia and his motto, right and loyal.

你在這裡看到羅伯特·萊斯特，萊斯特伯爵，帶著他的嘉德騎士團徽章和他的個人標誌及座右銘，「公正且忠誠」。

He might have been right and he might have been loyal, but he wasn't right for her.

他或許公正且忠誠，但他並不適合她。

In fact, Elizabeth, although he remained a favourite, she never visited Kenilworth ever again.

事實上，伊麗莎白雖然一直寵愛他，但她再也沒有去過肯尼爾沃思。

Dudley remarried in 1578, not to Elizabeth.

達德利在 1578 年再婚，對象不是伊麗莎白。

And after 40 years of friendship, he died in 1588.

在 40 年的友誼後，他於 1588 年去世。

The man she called her brother and best friend was gone.

她稱之為兄弟和摯友的男人，就這樣離開了。

We'll probably never know whether Elizabeth and Dudley consummated their love.

我們可能永遠無法得知伊麗莎白和達德利是否 consummated 了他們的愛。

Perhaps they were like Romeo and Juliet, two star crossed lovers who could never be together.

或許他們就像羅密歐與茱麗葉，兩對命中註定卻無法在一起的戀人。

But in concentrating on their relationship, we're perhaps underestimating the importance of this pageant in the larger scene.

但我們過於專注於他們的關係，可能低估了這次盛會在大局中的重要性。

Dudley wants to reinforce the fact that he was the queen's favorite.

達德利想強調他曾是女王的寵臣。

He was the leading magnate in the land, the most powerful noble.

他是國內首屈一指的權貴，最有權勢的貴族。

And as for all this discussion around Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen, perhaps we're just echoing those who have been uncomfortable traditionally with the idea that of a strong female ruler.

至於圍繞著「童貞女王」伊麗莎白的所有討論，或許我們只是在重複那些傳統上對女性強勢統治者感到不安的人們的聲音。