Name: 美國人為何不斷搬入封閉社區 (Why Americans Keep Moving Into Gated Communities)
Uploaded: 2025-07-31T00:19:05.000Z
Duration: 8 min 49 s

Florida is kind of the land of gated communities.

佛羅里達州是那種門禁森嚴的社區。

People that are buying in Florida, they want the ease of living.

在佛羅里達買房的人，都希望生活方便。

They want to live in paradise without all the maintenance.

他們想生活在天堂裡，卻不需要任何維護。

Lindsey Tronalone is a realtor in Palm Beach County, Florida, a hub for luxury real estate.

Lindsey Tronalone 是佛羅里達州棕櫚灘縣的房地產經紀人，該縣是豪華房地產的中心。

The area also boasts dozens of gated communities.

該地區還擁有數十個封閉式社區。

Others have multi-million dollar mansions.

其他人則擁有價值數百萬美元的豪宅。

You're not going to pay $225,000 for a Gulf membership and not be using it.

你不可能花 22.5 萬美元購買海灣地區的會員資格卻不使用它。

Gated communities have been popular in the U.S. for decades, especially in warmer states like Florida, the Southwest or California.

幾十年來，門禁社區在美國一直很受歡迎，尤其是在佛羅里達、西南部或加利福尼亞等溫暖的州。

They attract retirees, golfers and growing families and recently, young professionals too.

它們吸引了退休人員、高爾夫球愛好者和成長中的家庭，最近還吸引了年輕的專業人士。

While gated communities are quite varied, they all offer privacy and a sense of exclusivity at a premium.

雖然封閉式社區種類繁多，但它們都能提供私密性和尊貴感。

The whole point of creating HOAs and possibly gating is to create that location premium.

建立房屋租賃協議和可能的門禁的全部意義就在於創造地段溢價。

You're essentially creating this brand, this marketing that this is a desirable place to live and that we will maintain it that way.

從根本上說，你們是在創造這個品牌，是在宣傳這裡是一個理想的居住地，我們會一直保持下去。

But there are some drawbacks, like high homeowners association and membership fees, as well as restrictive policies.

但也有一些缺點，比如高昂的業主協會和會員費，以及限制性政策。

You're paying premium for living in a homogenous environment.

生活在同質化的環境中，你需要支付額外的費用。

So why are gated communities so popular in the U.S.?

那麼，為什麼門禁社區在美國如此受歡迎呢？

CNBC toured three gated communities in Florida to learn more.

CNBC 參觀了佛羅里達州的三個封閉社區，以瞭解更多資訊。

The practice of gating and walling cities is as old as city building itself.

設置城門和城牆的做法與城市建設本身一樣古老。

Yet the modern-day gated communities started spreading in U.S. suburbs in the 60s as violent crimes rose.

然而，隨著暴力犯罪的增加，現代的封閉社區從上世紀 60 年代開始在美國郊區蔓延。

Between 1975 and 1980, about 400,000 retirees moved to Florida seeking lower taxes and better weather.

1975 年至 1980 年間，約有 40 萬退休人員移居佛羅里達，以尋求更低的稅率和更好的天氣。

Gated communities were developed to meet their needs.

為了滿足他們的需求，人們開發了封閉式社區。

As years passed, they continued to evolve.

隨著歲月的流逝，它們也在不斷髮展。

After the Great Recession, being associated with exclusivity and luxury didn't really work well for their business model.

經濟大衰退之後，與獨家和奢華聯繫在一起對他們的商業模式並不奏效。

Gated communities have increasingly been focusing on marketing themselves as more middle class, average American communities.

門禁社區越來越注重將自己打造成更多中產階級、更普通的美國社區。

We've got families that want to live in the gated communities because they're zoned for A-rated schools.

有的家庭想住在封閉式社區，因為那裡有 A 級學校。

現在，在這個市場上，它是一個混合體。

Data on the exact number of gated communities in the U.S. is limited, and the Census Bureau groups anything in a secured space together.

有關美國封閉社區確切數量的數據十分有限，人口普查局將任何處於安全空間內的社區都歸為一類。

That includes trailer parks and public housing.

What we do know is that the number has been increasing for decades.

我們所知道的是，幾十年來，這個數字一直在增加。

In other countries, especially the developing world with higher rates of violent crimes, safety is the main draw of a gated community.

在其他國家，尤其是暴力犯罪率較高的開發中國家，安全是門禁社區的主要吸引力。

I think it's a little bit less tied to an actual need for security and more to control access to the community, maybe to restrict access to amenities that are there for the residents.

我認為這與安全的實際需要關係不大，更多的是為了控制社區的出入，也許是為了限制居民使用社區的設施。

This community, Bay Reach in Lake Park, Florida, has been around since the 80s.

位於佛羅里達州湖泊公園的 Bay Reach 社區自上世紀 80 年代起就已存在。

There are currently six properties up for sale, including one of Lindsay's listings at $419,000 for a two-bedroom unit.

目前有六處房產在售，其中包括林賽的一處掛牌房源，一套兩居室，售價 41.9 萬美元。

This is a two-bedroom, two-bath, just under 1,000 square feet.

這是一套兩室兩衛的房子，面積不到 1,000 平方英尺。

It also comes with a 30-foot boat slip and a one-car garage.

它還配有一個 30 英尺長的船塢和一個單車位車庫。

Just over seven miles away is PGA National and its six golf courses.

距離 PGA National 及其六個高爾夫球場僅七英里多遠。

其中之一是舉辦一年一度的 PGA 錦標賽。

There's also a hotel, spa, pool and dozens of other amenities.

這裡還有一家酒店、水療中心、游泳池和數十種其他設施。

Anything from a $200,000 condo to a $2 million estate.

從 20 萬美元的公寓到 200 萬美元的房產，應有盡有。

And as of late June 2025, the community had 116 public listings.

截至 2025 年 6 月底，該社區共有 116 個公開列表。

What you're seeing behind me here is the main clubhouse pool.

你們在我身後看到的是主會所泳池。

You've also got at least three full-service restaurants here.

這裡還有至少三家提供全方位服務的餐廳。

Frenchman's Reserve, around five miles northeast of PGA, is one of the most high-end gated communities in the area, open only to residents and their guests.

Frenchman's Reserve 位於 PGA 東北方向約 5 英里處，是該地區最高級，上等的封閉式社區之一，只對居民及其客人開放。

The average home here sells for about $3.9 million.

這裡的平均房屋售價約為 390 萬美元。

These are typically going to be either full-time residents or second homes for the person who's using them or third homes or fourth homes.

這些房屋通常是全日制居民的住所，或者是使用這些房屋的人的第二居所，或者是第三居所或第四居所。

There are more specific luxury amenities, I would say, in my opinion, in Frenchman's Reserve.

在我看來，"法國人保護區 "的豪華設施更有特色。

So not just your pool, your tennis court, you know, your pickleball court.

所以，不僅僅是你的游泳池、網球場，你知道的，還有你的皮球場。

They also have an on-site spa, a hair salon, a nail salon.

酒店內還設有水療中心、美髮沙龍和美甲沙龍。

They've got a full 24-7 weight room with personal trainers.

他們有一個全天候的舉重室，配有私人教練。

Nationally, homes in gated communities are on average about 5 to 10 percent more expensive than homes in non-gated neighborhoods in the same area.

從全國範圍來看，在同一地區，封閉社區內的住宅平均要比非封閉社區內的住宅貴 5% 到 10%。

This number can be 15 to 20 percent on the highest ends.

But that's not considering the additional fees that come with living in these communities.

但這還不包括居住在這些社區所需的額外費用。

Every gated community has an HOA that collects monthly fees and facilitates upgrades.

每個封閉式社區都有一個房屋協會，負責收取月費並促進社區升級。

Yet it can also dictate things like the color of the building, the of your house, or how many cars can be parked on the street.

然而，它也可以決定一些事情，比如建築物的顏色、房屋的顏色或街道上可以停放多少輛車。

People who would not be a good fit for a gated community are people that don't like to be told what to do with their property.

不適合住在封閉式社區的人，是那些不喜歡別人告訴他們如何處置自己財產的人。

HOA fees for the three communities CNBC visited range according to upkeep and amenities.

CNBC 訪問的三個社區的房屋租賃費用根據維護和設施情況而有所不同。

Every HOA is different, but in the well-maintained popular ones, that's why people keep coming back.

每個房屋區的情況都不一樣，但在維護良好的受歡迎的房屋區，這就是人們不斷回來的原因。

That's why homes are selling off market quickly, because people want to live there because they know their investment is going to go the distance there.

這就是為什麼市場上的房子賣得很快，因為人們想住在那裡，因為他們知道他們的投資在那裡會走得更遠。

This home at Frenchman's Reserve sold in 2020 for $1.4 million.

這座位於法國人保護區的住宅於 2020 年以 140 萬美元的價格售出。

It is now in the market for about $3.6 million.

目前，市場價約為 360 萬美元。

That's about a 5 percent higher appreciation rate than the national average.

這比全國平均升值率高出約 5%。

That's why people are paying to live here is to have the golf and the spa and the kids club and the, you know, on-call concierge style service.

這就是人們花錢住在這裡的原因，因為這裡有高爾夫球場、水療中心、兒童俱樂部，還有隨叫隨到的禮賓式服務。

Aside from HOA fees, there are also membership fees, which can be tiered, like at PGA.

除了房屋管理費，還有會員費，會員費可以分級，就像 PGA 一樣。

At Frenchman's Reserve, membership is mandatory and costs between $115,000 and $225,000.

在法國人保護區，會員資格是強制性的，費用在 115,000 美元到 225,000 美元之間。

And there are additional fees beyond that.

While not always the main reason why an American seeks out a gated community, security is a defining feature.

雖然安全並不總是美國人選擇封閉社區的主要原因，但安全卻是一個決定性的特徵。

Some gates are manned, while others are not.

有些大門有人值守，有些則沒有。

If you're going to pay an HOA, do you perceive that it's for something that's of value to you?

如果您要支付房屋管理費，您是否認為這是對您有價值的費用？

If the HOA is only for some gated entrance with a guard who checks people in and out and there's no other amenity, that might start to opt out some people for whom that's not really a value.

如果房屋租賃協會只提供一個有門禁的入口，並有警衛負責檢查進出人員，而沒有其他便利設施，這可能會讓一些人開始選擇放棄，因為對他們來說，這並不是真正的價值所在。

HOA rules around renting make it hard to turn most of these homes into investment properties.

由於房屋出租的相關規定，這些房屋很難變成投資性房產。

After COVID, a lot of gated communities in Palm Beach County put strict limits in place.

COVID 事件之後，棕櫚灘郡的許多封閉社區都制定了嚴格的限制措施。

If you're someone who wants to rent, maybe wants to do an Airbnb option, you cannot do that in a gated community, can't do it in an HOA.

如果你是想出租的人，也許想選擇 Airbnb，你就不能在有門禁的社區裡這樣做，也不能在有房屋協會的社區裡這樣做。

One common critique is that gated communities can be isolating.

一個常見的責備意見是，封閉式社區會使人與世隔絕。

There's a lot of people that say, yeah, I don't I don't want to live in a country club community or behind a gate or behind a wall, or I want my kids to meet people from other backgrounds or I want to go to the community pool and not have my own so that they meet kids.

有很多人說，是的，我不想住在鄉村俱樂部社區，不想住在大門或圍牆後面，我想讓我的孩子接觸來自其他背景的人，或者我想去社區游泳池，而不是我自己的游泳池，這樣他們就能接觸到其他孩子。

We're really seeing a priority set on gathering and making it an environment that invites people to come hang out and enjoy it.

我們確實看到了一個優先考慮的問題，那就是聚集，使其成為一個吸引人們前來遊玩和享受的環境。

Even the older communities are turning over and kind of revamping their social settings, which I think is really kind of driving where the market is turning.

即使是較老的社區也在翻新和改造其社會環境，我認為這才是真正的市場轉向。

A recent trend has been coupling gated communities with master plan communities.

最近的一個趨勢是將封閉式社區與總體規劃社區結合起來。

It's a way for developers to try to capture more of the market.

這是開發商試圖佔領更多市場的一種方式。

That has led to more economic and social diversity.

這使得經濟和社會更加多元化。

The pandemic sparked corporate migration from the Northeast to South Florida.

大流行病引發了企業從東北部向南佛羅里達州的遷移。

And as a result, a lot of young professionals continue to locate there.

是以，許多年輕的專業人士繼續選擇在這裡定居。

And some have been buying into gated communities.

They're not usually in their house for that long.

他們通常不會在家裡待那麼久。

And they want to just have the security of not having to worry about the upkeep, the maintenance.

他們只是想獲得安全感，不必擔心維護和保養。

You know, they're here to work and then move somewhere else.

你知道，他們在這裡工作，然後搬到其他地方。

While security is a big draw for some, for others, it's the access to a community and to the amenities within the gate.

對一些人來說，安全是一大吸引力，而對另一些人來說，則是進入社區和享受門內設施的機會。

A lot of these communities are kind of turning towards this stay here.

這些社區中的很多人都希望留在這裡。

Don't leave to go to dinner or drinks or gym or pool or, you know, we have it all right here.

不要離開去吃飯、喝酒、健身房或游泳池，你知道，我們這裡應有盡有。

Invite your friends, show them how great it is.

邀請你的朋友，讓他們看看它有多棒。

And let's make this a bubble that people want to be a part of.

讓我們讓這個保麗龍成為人們願意參與的一部分。