Name: 事實與虛構：什麼更有利於學習？ (Facts vs Fiction: What is Better for Learning?)
Uploaded: 2025-07-29T17:53:22.000Z
Duration: 5 min 52 s

基礎被動語態

Just like titles in a bookshop are divided into fiction and non-fiction, we can communicate along a spectrum ranging from colorful storytelling to stating plain facts.

就像書店裡的書名分為虛構和非虛構一樣，我們可以按照從豐富多彩的故事到陳述簡單事實的範圍進行交流。

When fiction and non-fiction speak to us, they serve opposing purposes.

當虛構和非虛構與我們對話時，它們的目的是截然相反的。

To understand this difference, let's examine the definition and then a famous example of a classic tragedy.

為了理解這種區別，讓我們先看看定義，然後再看看經典悲劇的一個著名例子。

The tragedy is a type of dramatic work in which the main character experiences a downfall due to circumstances that are beyond their control.

悲劇是戲劇作品的一種類型，其中的主角由於無法控制的環境而經歷了墮落。

Traditionally, the intention of tragedy is to invoke an accompanying catharsis, a pain that awakens pleasure.

傳統上，悲劇的意圖是喚起一種伴隨的宣洩，一種喚醒快樂的痛苦。

Once upon a time, a boy was born to the king and queen of Thebes.

很久很久以前，底比斯國王和王后生了一個男孩。

Soon after his birth, a prophet warned the king that the boy would grow up to kill his father and marry his mother.

他出生後不久，一位先知就警告國王說，這個孩子長大後會殺父娶母。

To avoid this catastrophe, the king ordered one of his servants to kill the baby, but the servant couldn't do it and left the innocent child with a shepherd.

為了避免這場災難，國王命令他的一個僕人殺死這個嬰兒，但那個僕人做不到，他把這個無辜的孩子留給了一個牧羊人。

The shepherd brought the boy to the king of Corinth, who raised him as his own.

牧羊人把男孩帶到科林斯國王那裡，國王把他當作自己的孩子撫養。

When Oedipus grew to be a man, a prophet told him his destiny.

俄狄浦斯長大成人後，一位先知告訴了他自己的命運。

Not knowing that he had been adopted, Oedipus left Corinth to run away from his misfortune.

俄狄浦斯不知道自己是被收養的，他離開科林斯，逃離自己的不幸。

On his way to Thebes, he met an old man with his servants.

在去底比斯的路上，他遇到了一位老人和他的僕人。

The two got into a fight and Oedipus killed them all.

兩人打了起來，俄狄浦斯把他們都殺了。

When Oedipus arrived in Thebes, he encountered the evil Sphinx that menaced the city.

俄狄浦斯到達底比斯時，遇到了威脅這座城市的邪惡斯芬克斯。

After Oedipus solved the Sphinx's riddle, it killed itself.

俄狄浦斯解開斯芬克斯之謎後，它自殺了。

To celebrate this victory, Oedipus was named the new king of Thebes and given the current queen as his bride, for the former king had mysteriously been killed.

為了慶祝這次勝利，俄狄浦斯被任命為底比斯的新國王，並把現任王后送給他做新娘，因為前任國王已經神祕地被殺害了。

Years later, after they had four children, plagues began to destroy the city.

幾年後，在他們有了四個孩子之後，瘟疫開始摧毀這座城市。

Oedipus tried to find out the reason for this misfortune when he heard rumors that Thebes would be doomed until the day that the murderer of the former king was punished.

俄狄浦斯在聽到 "底比斯在殺害前國王的凶手受到懲罰之前都將萬劫不復 "的傳言後，試圖找出這一不幸的原因。

Oedipus first tried to find the villain and then began to understand what had actually happened.

俄狄浦斯首先試圖找到惡棍，然後開始瞭解究竟發生了什麼。

When he realized that he had killed his father and made love to his mother, he blinded himself as he could not bear to see the children he had fathered.

當他意識到自己殺死了父親並與母親做愛時，他矇住了自己的雙眼，因為他不忍心看到自己所生的孩子。

Now, what do you think about the two examples and how do the two help you understand a tragedy?

現在，你如何看待這兩個例子，它們對你理解悲劇有何幫助？

故事顯得真實，讓人感覺栩栩如生。

You can experience it, sense it emotionally, see it with your imagination and because this can be exciting, it is recorded in your brain, changes your mind and will be remembered for a long time.

你可以體驗它，用情感去感知它，用想象力去看到它，因為這會讓你興奮，它會記錄在你的大腦中，改變你的思想，並會讓你久久難忘。

Stories are so powerful, you may start to think that they are more common than they are and you become biased.

故事是如此強大，你可能會開始認為它們比實際情況更常見，從而產生偏見。

This effect is also known as the law of small numbers, which is why we also need facts.

這種效應也被稱為 "小數法則"，是以我們也需要事實。

Reading nonfiction is not exciting and is hence not easily recorded in your memory.

非小說閱讀並不令人興奮，是以不容易被記錄在記憶中。

In fact, a mere month after reading an entire book, most of us remember not more than one single idea.

事實上，在讀完一整本書僅僅一個月後，我們中的大多數人記住的想法不會超過一個。

And because facts are weak and they compete for attention with stories that are powerful, they hardly ever change your mind.

由於事實是軟弱無力的，而且它們與強大的故事爭奪注意力，是以它們幾乎不會改變你的想法。

However, there is one thing they do well.

不過，有一件事他們做得很好。

Nonfiction provides our mind a theory, a heuristic and a framework that allows us to make assumptions and generalize.

非虛構作品為我們的頭腦提供了一種理論、啟發式方法和框架，使我們能夠做出假設和概括。

Put them on a spectrum and you'll find high retention versus low retention, easy reading versus hard studying and a subjective perspective versus objectivity.

把它們放在光譜上，你會發現高保持率與低保持率、輕鬆閱讀與刻苦鑽研、主觀視角與客觀視角。

For their polarizing nature, smart educators often combine the two.

聰明的教育工作者往往會將兩者結合起來，因為它們具有兩極分化的性質。

Just as the quote goes, when one man dies, it's a tragedy, and when a million die, it's statistics.

正如那句話所說：死一個人是悲劇，死一百萬人是統計。

To better understand the true nature of war, we need to consider both.

為了更好地理解戰爭的真正本質，我們需要考慮這兩個方面。

Share your thoughts and your favorite way to grasp complex topics in the comments below.

在下面的評論中分享您的想法和您最喜歡的掌握複雜主題的方法。

If you like how we explain complicated ideas in simple cartoon animation, you can support us.

如果您喜歡我們用簡單的卡通動畫來解釋複雜的想法，您可以支持我們。

Just visit us, learn how it works and what's in it for you.

請訪問我們，瞭解它是如何工作的，以及它對您有什麼好處。

And if you are a parent or educator, check out our website sproutschools.com.

如果您是家長或教育工作者，請訪問我們的網站 sproutschools.com。

There you can find this and other video lessons, additional resources and classroom activities.

在那裡，您可以找到本課和其他視頻課程、其他資源和課堂活動。

If you found this helpful, check out our other videos and subscribe.

如果您覺得這對您有幫助，請查看我們的其他視頻並訂閱。

If you want to support our work, join us on patreon.com slash Sprouts.

如果您想支持我們的工作，請登錄 patreon.com slash Sprouts 加入我們。

For more information and additional content, visit sproutschools.com.

欲瞭解更多資訊和其他內容，請訪問 sproutschools.com。