Name: 這個閱讀方法大大改變了我「學習語言」！ (The Reading Method That Changed My Language Learning)
Uploaded: 2025-02-21T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 11 min 10 s

The best way to improve your knowledge of a foreign language is to go and live among its speakers.

提高外語知識的最好方法就是到講外語的人中間去生活。

基礎被動語態

The next best way is read extensively in it.

其次，最好的辦法是廣泛閱讀。

That's what Christine Nuttall wrote back in 1996 and decades of research have proven her right.

這是 Christine Nuttall 在 1996 年寫的，幾十年的研究證明她是對的。

But what exactly is extensive reading and why is it so effective?

但究竟什麼是廣泛閱讀，為什麼它如此有效？

We look at the science behind it, explore the sweet spot rule that tells you exactly what level you should be reading at, discover the virtue cycle that makes reading not just effective but actually enjoyable over time and learn about Zipf's law which should help you choose your material.

我們將探討其背後的科學原理，探索 "甜蜜點 "法則，它能告訴你應該在什麼水準上進行閱讀，發現 "美德循環"，它能讓閱讀不僅有效，而且能讓你長期享受閱讀的樂趣，我們還將瞭解齊普夫法則，它能幫助你選擇閱讀材料。

What are common pitfalls and how can we implement practical strategies to make use of the best language learning method available to us?

有哪些常見的誤區，我們又該如何實施實用的策略，利用現有的最佳語言學習方法？

As Stephen Krashen, one of the most influential researchers in language acquisition puts it, free voluntary reading may be the most powerful tool we have in language education.

正如最有影響力的語言習得研究者之一斯蒂芬-克拉申（Stephen Krashen）所說，自由自願的閱讀可能是我們在語言教育中最有力的工具。

事實上，這似乎好得不像真的。

Let's start by understanding what extensive reading actually is and more importantly what it isn't.

讓我們先來了解一下什麼是廣泛閱讀，更重要的是什麼不是廣泛閱讀。

When we talk about reading in language learning, there are three different levels we need to understand.

談到語文學習中的閱讀，我們需要了解三個不同的層次。

The extensive reading foundation breaks it down like this.

廣泛閱讀基金會是這樣分解的。

First, there's what they call reading pain.

That's when you understand less than 90% of the words.

這時候，你能聽懂的話還不到 90%。

At this stage, you are constantly reaching for the dictionary, you might get frustrated and you are barely able to follow the story.

在這個階段，你會不停地翻閱字典，你可能會感到沮喪，而且幾乎跟不上故事情節。

If you are a beginner in a language, sometimes all the material can feel exactly like that.

如果你是一門語言的初學者，有時所有的材料都會給你這樣的感覺。

That's when you understand between 90 and 98% of the words.

這時，你能聽懂 90% 到 98% 的單詞。

This is your typical textbook reading when you're exposed to new words, maybe you're even taking notes and you're sort of actively studying the language.

這就是典型的教科書閱讀，你會接觸到新單詞，甚至會做筆記，算是在積極地學習語言。

Here again, you might be opening the translator or dictionary frequently.

同樣，您可能會經常打開翻譯器或詞典。

It's useful, intensive reading is definitely useful, but it's not what we're talking about today.

這很有用，精讀肯定有用，但這不是我們今天要討論的內容。

What we're interested in is extensive reading.

According to the extensive reading foundation, that means understanding 98% or more of the words.

根據廣泛閱讀基金會的說法，這意味著能理解 98% 或更多的單詞。

That means you encounter only two to four new words per page.

這意味著每頁只遇到 2 到 4 個新單詞。

And this seems to be where the magic happens.

The READ acronym gives us a good guideline.

READ 縮寫詞為我們提供了一個很好的指南。

Read quickly and enjoyably with adequate comprehension so you don't need a dictionary.

快速閱讀，愉快閱讀，充分理解，這樣就不需要字典了。

This does, however, sound a little counterintuitive.

不過，這聽起來確實有點違背直覺。

Aren't we supposed to challenge ourselves with harder materials?

我們不是應該用更難的材料來挑戰自己嗎？

Well, that's exactly what makes extensive reading to be too good to be true.

這正是讓廣泛閱讀變得好得不真實的原因。

There are countless studies that show all kinds of benefits and we will quickly go through them next.

有無數的研究顯示了各種益處，接下來我們將快速瀏覽這些研究。

Think about how you learned your native language.

You started with very simple stories, gradually building up your understanding.

你從非常簡單的故事開始，逐漸加深理解。

When you read material at your level, you're seeing vocabulary and grammar patterns in their natural context, over and over again.

當你閱讀與你的水準相當的材料時，你會一遍又一遍地看到自然語境中的詞彙和文法模式。

Each time you encounter a word or pattern in different contexts, your brain strengthens its understanding.

每次在不同的語境中遇到一個單詞或模式，大腦就會加強對它的理解。

This is way more effective than memorizing word lists and it happens subconsciously, which makes the whole prospect of extensive reading so appealing.

這比背誦單詞表要有效得多，而且是在潛意識中進行的，是以廣泛閱讀的整個前景是如此吸引人。

好吧，這不是什麼令人震驚的消息。

What's more interesting is that it enhances almost every aspect of language learning.

更有趣的是，它幾乎能增強語言學習的各個方面。

Similar to the vocabulary exposure, your grammar improves because you're constantly seeing correct patterns that your brain picks up on.

與接觸詞彙類似，你的文法也會得到改善，因為你會不斷看到正確的模式，大腦也會記住這些模式。

That way your writing gets better because you're internalizing how sentences are structured and what vocabulary to use in what context.

這樣，你的寫作就會越來越好，因為你正在內化句子的結構以及在什麼語境下使用什麼詞彙。

But even your listening and, yes, speaking can improve from reading extensively through something called sub-vocalization.

但是，即使是聽力，是的，口語也可以通過一種叫做 "次發聲 "的方式從大量閱讀中得到提高。

Ever noticed that little voice in your head?

有沒有注意過你腦海中的那個聲音？

Sometimes it can be annoying as hell, but when you read, it's at least focused on the text in front of you.

有時，它可能會讓人討厭至極，但當你閱讀時，它至少會專注於眼前的文字。

You're actually practicing pronunciation in your mind as you read.

實際上，你在閱讀的同時就已經在腦海中練習發音了。

I've had this experience countless times where I used a phrase in English that I've never consciously studied.

我有過無數次這樣的經歷：我用了一個從未有意識學習過的英語短語。

They just come naturally from all the reading I've done, since I've been reading pretty much only English books for the past 10 years or so.

因為在過去的十多年裡，我幾乎只讀英文書，所以它們就自然而然地從我的閱讀中產生了。

I'm currently in the process of switching everything from English to Spanish following all the guidelines that I talk about in this video.

目前，我正在按照視頻中提到的所有指導原則，將所有內容從英語轉換為西班牙語。

Now, the sweet spot rule suggests that you should know 98% of the words when reading extensively.

根據 "甜蜜點法則"，在大量閱讀時，你應該認識 98% 的單詞。

But from my experience, this rule is definitely a little bendable.

但根據我的經驗，這條規則絕對是可以變通的。

Even when I encounter unknown words, I just often keep reading and completely ignore the fact that I don't understand said word, and therefore maybe not even understand the meaning of the sentence.

即使遇到不認識的單詞，我也常常會繼續讀下去，完全忽略了自己不理解這個單詞的事實，是以甚至可能不理解句子的意思。

However, that word will probably appear again, and then again, and again in different contexts, and eventually I will understand it.

不過，這個詞可能會在不同的語境中再出現，再出現，再出現，最終我會理解它。

And if it doesn't appear again, well, then maybe it wasn't that important for understanding the story anyway.

如果它不再出現，那麼也許它對理解故事並不那麼重要。

So in my opinion, words don't have to click on the first encounter.

是以，在我看來，文字不一定要在第一次相遇時就點擊。

There's also another practical reason why I'm not so strict about this 98% rule, and that is finding material that exactly hits this sweet spot can be very challenging, especially as a beginner.

我之所以不嚴格遵守這個 98% 的規則，還有一個實際原因，那就是要找到完全符合這個甜蜜點的材料是非常具有挑戰性的，尤其是對於初學者來說。

If you don't have a basic vocabulary foundation, extensive reading can feel somewhat impossible.

如果沒有基本的詞彙基礎，廣泛的閱讀就顯得有些不可能。

The rule and extensive reading in general becomes more and more important the more you progress in your language learning journey.

在語言學習的過程中，規則和廣泛閱讀變得越來越重要。

So if you're a complete beginner, there are better ways to start.

是以，如果你是一個完全的初學者，還有更好的入門方法。

Comprehensible input videos have two major advantages of a reading when you're a beginner.

對於初學者來說，可理解的輸入視頻與朗讀相比有兩大優勢。

First, the visual element makes content more easily understandable, even if you are far from the 98% vocabulary mark.

首先，視覺元素使內容更容易理解，即使你的詞彙量遠未達到 98% 的標準。

You can grasp what's happening through context, gestures, and visual cues.

您可以通過上下文、手勢和視覺提示來了解正在發生的事情。

Second, and this is crucial, you're listening to the language.

其次，這一點很重要，你要聽懂語言。

Starting with listening can improve your pronunciation later on, because you develop an ear for how the language sounds.

從聽力入手可以改善你以後的發音，因為你可以培養自己對語言發音的聽力。

If you jump straight into reading, you might fall into the trap of doing sub-vocalization for everything you read in your native language's sound system, and therefore you might develop some bad pronunciation habits that are harder to fix later on.

如果你直接開始閱讀，你可能會陷入用母語的聲音系統對閱讀的所有內容進行次發聲的陷阱，是以你可能會養成一些不好的發音習慣，而這些習慣以後很難糾正。

So sub-vocalization can kind of be amazing or a curse, depending on your level.

是以，次發聲可以是一種神奇，也可以是一種詛咒，這取決於你的水準。

You can circumvent that with books that you own both in written form as well as the audio version.

您可以使用自己擁有的書面形式和音頻版本的書籍來避免這種情況。

That way you can listen and read at the same time or switch between the two, so maybe listen to one chapter first and then read it again later on in the day.

這樣，您就可以同時聽和讀，或者在兩者之間切換，也許可以先聽一章，然後過一會兒再讀。

So as you progress, I advise you to incorporate more and more reading.

是以，隨著你的進步，我建議你加入越來越多的閱讀。

Another tip here is that comics, graphic novels, and manga are great for this transition period.

另一個建議是，漫畫、圖畫小說和漫畫非常適合這個過渡時期。

I read several volumes of One Piece in Spanish, and it was noticeably easier than regular books, because the images provided so much context.

我用西班牙語讀了幾卷《海賊王》，明顯比普通書籍容易，因為影像提供了很多背景資訊。

This made inferring word meanings much more natural and easier, and most importantly, it was just enjoyable.

這讓推斷詞義變得更加自然和容易，最重要的是，這讓人感到愉快。

The best technique to learn a language is the one you actually do consistently and with joy, so that motivation becomes irrelevant.

學習語言的最佳方法是堅持不懈地快樂學習，是以動機變得無關緊要。

Compelling input appears to eliminate the need for motivation, a conscious desire to improve.

令人信服的輸入似乎消除了對動機的需求，即一種有意識的改進願望。

When you get compelling input, you acquire whether you are interested in improving or not.

當你獲得令人信服的意見時，你就會知道自己是否有興趣改進。

For both the lower intermediate and upper intermediate level, you can use graded readers, which are books adapted to your level.

對於中低級和中高級水準，您可以使用分級讀物，即根據您的水準進行調整的書籍。

And once you reach an advanced level, particularly if you're aiming to move from B2 to C1, to me, reading becomes almost non-negotiable.

而一旦達到高級水準，尤其是如果你的目標是從 B2 升至 C1，對我來說，閱讀就變得幾乎不可或缺。

But at the same time, at this point, you also have access to so much more material.

但同時，在這一點上，你也能獲得更多的材料。

This brings us to the virtuous cycle of reading, a powerful feedback loop that makes the whole process self-sustaining.

這就是閱讀的良性循環，一個強大的反饋循環，使整個過程自我維持。

The more you read, the better you understand.

When you understand better, you can read faster.

理解得越透徹，閱讀速度就越快。

Reading faster makes the experience generally more enjoyable, because you don't need to look up so much, which makes you want to read more.

閱讀速度越快，一般來說閱讀體驗就越愉快，因為你不需要查那麼多資料，這讓你想讀得更多。

Each time you encounter a word again, you are closer to mastering it forever.

每當你再次遇到一個單詞，你就離永遠掌握它更近了。

The more you read, the more words you encounter and repeat naturally.

讀得越多，遇到的單詞就越多，自然而然就會重複。

This is why I built these exact principles into Languia, my language learning app.

是以，我在我的語言學習應用程序 Languia 中加入了這些原則。

The whole progress tracking and spaced repetition system is built on that fact.

整個進度跟蹤和間隔重複系統就是建立在這一事實基礎上的。

Whether you're reading the daily stories that match your interests and level, discovering new articles across the web, or uploading your own books, Languia helps you simplify and translate everything to your level.

無論您是閱讀符合自己興趣和水準的每日故事，還是在網絡上發現新文章，或是上傳自己的書籍，Languia 都能幫助您簡化並翻譯成符合自己水準的內容。

字幕列表影片播放

這個閱讀方法大大改變了我「學習語言」！ (The Reading Method That Changed My Language Learning)

constantly

crucial

stick

pronunciation