Name: 谷歌的新型量子芯片可能會改變世界！ (Google´s NEW Quantum Chip Could Change the World!)
Uploaded: 2025-01-16T02:44:23.000Z
Duration: 11 min 44 s

Google is transforming the landscape of computing with its new quantum chip called Willow.

谷歌正在利用其名為 "Willow "的新型量子芯片改變計算領域的格局。

This innovation indicates a new era of speed and efficiency, surpassing the capabilities of even the most advanced supercomputers.

這一創新標誌著速度和效率進入了一個新時代，甚至超越了最先進的超級計算機的能力。

But do you think this chip will change the world?

但你認為這種芯片會改變世界嗎？

Join us as we unveil this Google innovation that will take the world to the new era.

與我們一起揭開這項谷歌創新技術的神祕面紗，它將把世界帶入新時代。

So Google has recently unveiled an innovative quantum chip that it claims can solve a complex problem in just five minutes.

是以，谷歌最近發佈了一款創新的量子芯片，聲稱它能在短短五分鐘內解決一個複雜的問題。

In stark contrast, the fastest supercomputers available today would take an unfathomable 10 septillion years to complete the same task.

與此形成鮮明對比的是，當今最快的超級計算機要完成同樣的任務，需要花費深不可測的 10 septillion 年。

This remarkable advancement highlights the potential of quantum computing, a field that aims to harness the principles of particle physics to create computing systems with unprecedented power and efficiency.

量子計算領域的目標是利用粒子物理學原理創建具有前所未有的計算能力和效率的計算系統。

The newly developed quantum chip named Willow is touted by Google as a significant leap forward in the quest for practical quantum computing.

谷歌將新開發的量子芯片命名為 "Willow"，並將其視為實現實用量子計算的重大飛躍。

It is said to incorporate critical breakthroughs that could pave the way for the development of large-scale quantum computers capable of tackling a variety of complex problems that are currently beyond the reach of classical computing systems.

據說它包含了關鍵性的突破，可以為開發大型量子計算機鋪平道路，使其能夠解決目前經典計算系統無法解決的各種複雜問題。

These breakthroughs may include advancements in qubit stability, error correction and quantum gate operations, all of which are essential for building a functional and reliable quantum computer.

這些突破可能包括量子比特穩定性、糾錯和量子門操作方面的進步，而所有這些對於構建功能完善、性能可靠的量子計算機都至關重要。

However, despite the excitement surrounding Willow, experts in the field urge caution.

然而，儘管 Willow 令人興奮，該領域的專家們還是呼籲謹慎行事。

They emphasize that while the chip represents a noteworthy step in quantum technology, it is still primarily an experimental device.

他們強調，雖然該芯片代表了量子技術值得注意的一步，但它仍主要是一種實驗設備。

The journey toward realizing a fully operational quantum computer that can effectively address a range of real-world challenges is expected to be a lengthy one, requiring significant investment both in terms of time and financial resources.

要實現可有效解決一系列現實世界挑戰的全面運行的量子計算機，預計將是一個漫長的過程，需要投入大量的時間和財力。

Estimates suggest that it may take several more years and billions of dollars in research and development before we see a quantum computer that can be applied to practical problems outside of controlled laboratory environments.

據估計，我們可能還需要數年時間和數十億美元的研發費用，才能看到量子計算機在受控實驗室環境之外應用於實際問題。

To understand why these experts have urged for caution, it's necessary that we examine how this quantum computer operates.

要理解這些專家為何呼籲謹慎行事，我們有必要研究一下這臺量子計算機是如何運行的。

Quantum computers operate on principles that are fundamentally distinct from those governing conventional devices such as smartphones and laptops.

量子計算機的運行原理與智能手機和筆記本電腦等傳統設備的運行原理截然不同。

Unlike traditional computers, which process information in binary form using bits that represent either a 0 or a 1, quantum computers utilize quantum bits, or qubits.

傳統計算機使用代表 "0 "或 "1 "的比特以二進制形式處理資訊，與之不同的是，量子計算機使用量子比特或量子位。

Qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to a phenomenon known as superposition.

由於一種被稱為疊加的現象，質子可以同時以多種狀態存在。

This allows quantum computers to perform many calculations at once, significantly accelerating problem-solving capabilities for certain types of complex tasks.

這使得量子計算機可以同時進行多項計算，大大加快了某些類型複雜任務的問題解決能力。

The principles of quantum mechanics, which describe the peculiar behaviors of subatomic particles, enable quantum computers to tackle problems that are currently intractable for classical computers.

量子力學原理描述了亞原子粒子的奇特行為，使量子計算機能夠解決經典計算機目前難以解決的問題。

For instance, they can efficiently factor large numbers, simulate molecular interactions, and optimize complex systems which could lead to breakthroughs in various fields, including cryptography, material science, and the development of new pharmaceuticals.

例如，它們可以高效地對大量數字進行因式分解，模擬分子相互作用，優化複雜系統，從而在密碼學、材料科學和新藥開發等多個領域實現突破。

The potential for quantum computing to revolutionize industries is a source of great optimism among researchers and technologists, as it may lead to the discovery of novel substances and treatments that could save lives and improve health outcomes.

量子計算給各行各業帶來革命性變化的潛力令研究人員和技術專家感到非常樂觀，因為它可能導致發現新型物質和治療方法，從而挽救生命和改善健康狀況。

However, alongside this optimism, there are significant concerns regarding the potential misuse of quantum computing technology.

然而，在樂觀的同時，人們也對量子計算技術可能被濫用表示嚴重關切。

One of the most pressing issues is the threat it poses to current encryption methods that safeguard sensitive information.

其中一個最緊迫的問題是，它對當前保護敏感資訊的加密方法構成了威脅。

Many encryption algorithms, which are foundational to online security and privacy, rely on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical problems.

許多加密算法是網絡安全和隱私的基礎，它們依賴於某些數學問題的計算難度。

Quantum computers, with their superior processing power, could potentially break these encryption methods, rendering sensitive data vulnerable to unauthorized access and cyberattacks.

量子計算機具有超強的處理能力，有可能破解這些加密方法，使敏感數據容易受到未經授權的訪問和網絡攻擊。

In light of these concerns, major technology companies are taking proactive measures to enhance their security protocols.

有鑑於此，各大科技公司正在採取積極措施，加強其安全協議。

For instance, Apple announced a few months ago that it is enhancing the encryption of iMessage communications to ensure it is quantum-proof.

例如，蘋果公司幾個月前宣佈，它正在加強 iMessage 通信的加密，以確保其不受量子影響。

This initiative aims to protect user data from potential decryption by advanced future quantum computers, thereby reinforcing the security of personal communications.

該倡議旨在保護用戶數據，使其免受未來先進量子計算機的潛在解密，從而加強個人通信的安全性。

By investing in quantum-resistant encryption techniques, Apple is not only addressing immediate security concerns but also preparing for a future where quantum computing could pose significant risks to data integrity and privacy.

通過投資抗量子加密技術，蘋果公司不僅解決了眼前的安全問題，還為量子計算可能對數據完整性和隱私造成重大風險的未來做好了準備。

As the field of quantum computing continues to evolve, it is crucial for both researchers and industry leaders to balance the pursuit of innovation with the responsibility of safeguarding sensitive information.

隨著量子計算領域的不斷髮展，研究人員和行業領導者必須在追求創新與保護敏感資訊的責任之間取得平衡。

The development of robust security measures will be essential in ensuring that the benefits of quantum computing can be realized without compromising the privacy and security of individuals and organizations alike.

要確保在不損害個人和組織隱私與安全的情況下實現量子計算的優勢，制定強有力的安全措施至關重要。

Let's check out how Willow can handle these challenges.

讓我們來看看 Willow 如何應對這些挑戰。

Hartmut Neven, the head of Google's Quantum AI Laboratory, has taken on the role of what he describes as the chief optimist for the ambitious project known as Willow.

哈特穆特-內文（Hartmut Neven）是谷歌量子人工智能實驗室（Google's Quantum AI Laboratory）的負責人，他被稱為 "柳樹"（Willow）這個雄心勃勃的項目的首席樂觀主義者。

In a recent interview with the BBC, Neven expressed his enthusiasm for the potential of Willow, emphasizing that it is poised to serve a variety of practical applications in the future.

在最近接受英國廣播公司（BBC）採訪時，Neven 對 Willow 的潛力表示了極大的熱情，並強調 Willow 將在未來提供各種實際應用。

However, he chose to keep specific details about these applications under wraps for the time being, hinting at the exciting possibilities that lie ahead.

不過，他選擇暫時保密這些應用的具體細節，但暗示了未來令人興奮的可能性。

Neven also provided insight into the timeline for the development of quantum computing technology, indicating that a chip capable of supporting commercial applications is not anticipated to be ready until the end of the decade.

內文還就量子計算技術的發展時間表發表了見解，指出能夠支持商業應用的芯片預計要到本世紀末才能準備就緒。

This timeline reflects the complex and challenging nature of quantum computing, which requires significant advancements in both hardware and software.

這一時間表反映了量子計算的複雜性和挑戰性，它需要在硬件和軟件方面取得重大進展。

In the first stages, the applications of Willow are expected to concentrate on simulating systems where quantum effects are particularly pronounced.

在第一階段，預計 Willow 的應用將集中於模擬量子效應特別明顯的系統。

Neven highlighted several key areas where quantum computing could make a substantial impact.

內文強調了量子計算可以產生重大影響的幾個關鍵領域。

For instance, he mentioned the design of nuclear fusion reactors, a field that could benefit from the ability to model complex interactions at a quantum level.

例如，他提到了核聚變反應堆的設計，這一領域可以受益於在量子層面模擬複雜相互作用的能力。

Additionally, he pointed to the understanding of substance mechanisms and pharmaceutical development as critical areas where quantum simulations could lead to breakthroughs in medical science.

此外，他還指出，對物質機理的理解和藥物開發是量子模擬能夠為醫學科學帶來突破的關鍵領域。

Furthermore, Neven noted the potential for quantum computing to enhance automotive battery technology, which is increasingly important in the context of electric vehicles and sustainable energy solutions.

此外，Neven 還指出了量子計算在提高汽車電池技術方面的潛力，這在電動汽車和可持續能源解決方案方面日益重要。

These examples illustrate the broad range of industries that could be transformed by advancements in quantum computing, underscoring Neven's optimistic outlook on the future of Willow and its applications.

這些例子說明了量子計算的進步可能改變的廣泛行業，凸顯了 Neven 對 Willow 及其應用前景的樂觀展望。

As the project progresses, it'll be fascinating to see how these theoretical applications evolve into tangible solutions that address some of the world's most pressing challenges.

隨著項目的進展，這些理論應用如何演變成解決世界上一些最緊迫挑戰的實際解決方案，將引人入勝。

Now stay tuned as we explore what this quantum computing is all about.

現在，請繼續關注我們對量子計算的探索。

Companies globally are engaged in a competitive effort to develop a groundbreaking new generation of computers.

全球各公司都在競相開發具有劃時代意義的新一代計算機。

Mr. Neven informed the BBC that Willow's capabilities signify it as the best quantum processor constructed to date.

內文先生告訴英國廣播公司，Willow 的功能標誌著它是迄今為止構建的最好的量子處理器。

However, Professor Alan Woodward, a computing specialist at Surrey University, asserts that while quantum computers will outperform current classical computers in various tasks, they will not serve as replacements.

不過，薩里大學的計算專家艾倫-伍德沃德教授斷言，雖然量子計算機在各種任務中的性能將超過目前的經典計算機，但它們並不能取代經典計算機。

He cautions against exaggerating the significance of Willow's success based on a singular test.

他提醒說，不要根據單一的測試誇大 Willow 成功的意義。

He remarked to the BBC that people should exercise caution and carefulness while making comparisons that are not equivalent.

他對 BBC 說，人們在進行不對等的比較時應謹慎小心。

Google selected a problem specifically designed as a performance benchmark that was tailor-made for a quantum computer, which does not illustrate a universal acceleration when compared with classical computers.

谷歌選擇了一個專門為量子計算機量身定製的性能基準問題，與經典計算機相比，這個問題並沒有體現出普遍的加速性。

Nevertheless, he acknowledged that Willow does signify considerable advancement, particularly in the area of error correction.

儘管如此，他承認 Willow 確實標誌著巨大的進步，特別是在糾錯領域。

In basic terms, the utility of a quantum computer increases with the number of qubits it possesses.

從根本上說，量子計算機的效用隨著其擁有的量子比特數量的增加而增加。

A significant challenge associated with quantum technology is its susceptibility to errors, a tendency that has historically intensified with an increase in the number of qubits on a chip.

量子技術面臨的一個重大挑戰是容易出錯，這種趨勢隨著芯片上量子比特數量的增加而加劇。

However, researchers at Google have reportedly addressed this issue by successfully engineering and programming a new chip that demonstrates a reduction in error rates across the entire system as the qubit count rises.

不過，據報道，谷歌公司的研究人員已經解決了這個問題，他們成功地設計和編程出了一種新的芯片，這種芯片顯示，隨著量子比特數的增加，整個系統的錯誤率也會降低。

This achievement is regarded as a pivotal breakthrough in the field, which has been striving to overcome this challenge for nearly three decades.

近三十年來，該領域一直在努力克服這一挑戰，而這一成就被視為該領域的關鍵性突破。

According to Nevin, he likened the advancement to the safety improvements seen in aircraft design, stating that while a single-engine plane is functional, having two engines enhances safety and four engines provide even greater reliability.

據 Nevin 稱，他將這一進步比作飛機設計中的安全改進，他說，雖然單引擎飛機是實用的，但雙引擎可提高安全性，而四引擎可提供更高的可靠性。

Errors remain a formidable barrier to the advancement of more powerful quantum computers, and Professor Woodward expressed that the development will encourage everyone striving to build a practical quantum computer.

伍德沃德教授表示，錯誤仍然是推動更強大的量子計算機發展的巨大障礙，這一進展將鼓勵所有人努力建造實用的量子計算機。

Nevertheless, Google acknowledges that for quantum computers to be practically useful, the error rates must be significantly lower than those currently exhibited by the Willow chip.

不過，谷歌也承認，要使量子計算機發揮實際作用，其錯誤率必須大大低於威洛芯片目前表現出的錯誤率。

Additionally, Google personnel are seen working on the Cryostat, a device that maintains the chip at extremely low temperatures, which resembles a chandelier constructed from cascading thin metal tubes.

此外，人們還看到谷歌公司的工作人員正在製作低溫恆溫器，這是一種將芯片保持在極低溫度下的裝置，它就像一盞由層層疊疊的細金屬管組成的吊燈。

Google employees are actively involved in the intricate operation of the Cryostat, a sophisticated device that plays a crucial role in maintaining the chip at extremely low temperatures necessary for quantum computing.

谷歌員工積極參與低溫恆溫器的複雜操作，這種精密設備在將芯片保持在量子計算所需的極低溫度方面發揮著至關重要的作用。

This advanced technology, known as Willow, was developed at Google's newly established manufacturing facility located in California, which is part of the company's broader commitment to advancing quantum computing capabilities.

這項被稱為 "Willow "的先進技術是在谷歌位於加利福尼亞州的新制造工廠開發的，也是該公司致力於推進量子計算能力的更廣泛承諾的一部分。

In recent years, numerous nations around the world have recognized the potential of quantum computing and are making substantial investments in this cutting-edge field.

近年來，世界上許多國家都認識到了量子計算的潛力，並對這一尖端領域進行了大量投資。

A notable development in this global trend is the recent inauguration of the National Quantum Computing Center in the United Kingdom.

在這一全球趨勢中，一個值得注意的發展是英國國家量子計算中心最近的落成。

This center aims to foster research and development in quantum technologies, positioning the UK as a key player in the international quantum landscape.

該中心旨在促進量子技術的研究與開發，使英國成為國際量子領域的重要參與者。

Michael Cuthbert, the director of the NQCC, shared his insights with the BBC regarding the current state of quantum computing and the language used to describe its advancements.

國家量子計算中心主任邁克爾-庫斯伯特（Michael Cuthbert）與英國廣播公司（BBC）分享了他對量子計算現狀以及描述其進步的語言的見解。

He expressed concerns that certain terminology might contribute to what is referred to as the hype cycle, which can lead to inflated expectations about the technology's capabilities.

他擔心某些術語可能會助長所謂的 "炒作週期"，導致人們對技術能力的期望值過高。

Cuthbert emphasized that while Willow should be viewed as a significant milestone in the journey of quantum computing, it does not necessarily represent a groundbreaking breakthrough.

卡斯伯特強調說，雖然 "威柳 "應被視為量子計算曆程中的一個重要里程碑，但它並不一定代表著突破性的進展。

Nevertheless, he acknowledged the impressive nature of the work being done, highlighting the technical advancements that have been made.

不過，他承認正在開展的工作令人印象深刻，並強調了已經取得的技術進步。

Cuthbert also elaborated on the potential applications of quantum computers, indicating that they are expected to play a pivotal role in solving complex logistical challenges.

庫斯伯特還詳細闡述了量子計算機的潛在應用，表示量子計算機有望在解決複雜的物流挑戰方面發揮關鍵作用。

For instance, quantum computing could enhance the efficiency of cargo freight distribution on aircraft, optimizing the routing of telecommunication signals, and improve the management of stored energy across national grids.

例如，量子計算可以提高飛機貨物配送的效率，優化電信信號的路由，改善國家電網對儲存能源的管理。

If you've made it this far, let us know what you think in the comments section below.

如果您已經讀到這裡，請在下面的評論區告訴我們您的想法。

 For more interesting topics, make sure you watch the recommended video that you see on the screen right now.

想了解更多有趣的話題，請務必觀看螢幕上推薦的視頻。